Coherent speech is Coherent speech of preschoolers: kev loj hlob thiab tsim

Cov txheej txheem:

Coherent speech is Coherent speech of preschoolers: kev loj hlob thiab tsim
Coherent speech is Coherent speech of preschoolers: kev loj hlob thiab tsim
Anonim

Kev ntseeg tus kheej, lub hom phiaj, nrhiav tau ib qho chaw hauv zej zog - tag nrho cov no yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev txhim kho kev hais lus, muaj peev xwm ua kom raug thiab qhia meej txog kev xav. Coherent hais lus yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov seem uas qhia txog ib lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab nqa ib qho semantic load.

kev cob qhia kev hais lus txuas nrog
kev cob qhia kev hais lus txuas nrog

Thaum yug, tus menyuam muaj kev hais lus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov kws qhia ntawv yog los txhim kho lawv kom raug. Tom qab tag nrho, cov lus tsim coherent ntawm tus me nyuam yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej yav tom ntej. Lub tswvyim no txhais li cas? Coherent hais lus yog lub peev xwm los tsim thiab qhia koj cov kev xav.

hom lus

Muaj ob hom kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb:

  • Monologic.
  • Kev sib tham.

Thawj yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo. Nws nyob ntawm seb qhov kev xav tau raug qhia li cas, lwm tus yuav nkag siab li cas. Tus neeg piav qhia xav tau lub cim xeeb zoo, siv qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus tig, tsim kev xav zoo, kom cov lus piav qhia zoo ib yam thiab meej.

Cov lus hais tsis meej feem ntau tsis siv hauv kev sib tham. Kev hais lus tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus meej meej. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib tham tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nyob rau txhua qhov kev coj.

Kev txawj hais lus

Kev tsim cov lus sib txuas lus tshwm sim hauv ntau theem.

1st theem - npaj, ntawm 0 txog 1 xyoos. Nyob rau theem no, tus menyuam tau paub txog lub suab. Hauv nws thawj lub lis piam, nws tsuas yog mloog cov neeg laus hais lus, thaum lub suab tsis sib haum xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws, thawj lub suab nrov yog tsim los ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd, babbling tshwm sim, uas muaj cov suab hais tsis sib xws.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus menyuam tau pom cov khoom thiab hu ua lub suab uas qhia lawv. Piv txwv li: moos - zuam-tock, dej-drip-cap. Tom qab ntawd, tus menyuam yaus hnov qab lub npe ntawm cov khoom thiab nrhiav nws nrog nws ob lub qhov muag. Thaum kawg ntawm thawj xyoo, tus me nyuam pronounces ib tug syllables.

tsim ntawm coherent hais lus ntawm cov me nyuam
tsim ntawm coherent hais lus ntawm cov me nyuam

2nd theem - pre-school, ntawm ib mus rau peb. Ua ntej, tus me nyuam hais cov lus yooj yooj yim uas qhia txog qhov khoom thiab qhov ua. Piv txwv li, lo lus "muab" tus me nyuam qhia ob yam khoom, thiab nws lub siab nyiam, thiab qhov kev thov, thiab yog li ntawd tsuas yog cov neeg nyob ze nkag siab nws. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm, cov kab lus yooj yim tshwm sim, tus me nyuam pib qhia nws txoj kev xav kom raug. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos, prepositions yog siv nyob rau hauv hais lus. Kev sib koom tes thiab poj niam txiv neej pib.

3rd theem - preschool, ntawm 3 txog 7 xyoo. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev paub ntau ntxiv ntawm tus kheej. Los ze zog mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 7 xyoo, lub suab hais lus yog tsim, lub suab yog meej, yog. Tus me nyuam pib txawj tsim kab lus, nws twb muaj thiabcov lus no tas li ntxiv.

4th theem - tsev kawm ntawv, txij li 7 txog 17 xyoo. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau theem no nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau yav dhau los ib tug yog nws nco qab assimilation. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv paub lub suab tsom, kawm cov kev cai grammatical rau kev tsim cov lus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no yog cov lus sau.

Cov theem no tsis muaj kev txwv nruj thiab meej. Txhua tus ntawm lawv hloov mus rau lwm qhov.

Kev txhim kho kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool

Tom qab pib mus rau qib kindergarten, tus menyuam qhov chaw hloov pauv thiab nrog nws - daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus. Txij li thaum txog li 3 xyoos tus me nyuam mos tas li nyob ze rau cov neeg nyob ze nws, txhua qhov kev sib txuas lus yog raws li nws qhov kev thov rau cov neeg laus. Muaj ib hom kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus: cov neeg laus nug cov lus nug, thiab tus menyuam teb. Tom qab ntawd, tus me nyuam muaj lub siab xav qhia txog ib yam dab tsi, qhia nws txoj kev xav tom qab taug kev, thiab tsis yog tib neeg nyob ze tuaj yeem mloog. Qhov no yog li cas daim ntawv monologue ntawm kev hais lus pib muab tso.

Txhua tus hais lus txuas nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv kev sib txuas nrog kev txhim kho hloov pauv. Coherent hais lus los ntawm tus me nyuam yog lub peev xwm los qhia nyob rau hauv xws li qhov uas tau hnov los ua to taub nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus.

Nkauj hais lus

Kev hais lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam: qhov xwm txheej thiab cov ntsiab lus. Thaum hais txog nws txoj kev xav lossis piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej, tus neeg yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub monologue kom tus neeg mloog nkag siab txog qhov kev sib tham. Cov menyuam yaus, ntawm qhov tod tes, thawj zaug tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej yam tsis tau qhia meej txog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug neeg laus, mloog ib zaj dab neeg, to taub qhov kev sib tham yog hais txog, tsis yogpaub qhov xwm txheej. Yog li, qhov xwm txheej sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog tsim ua ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm tag nrho, vim tias lub sijhawm hais lus no yeej ib txwm sib cuam tshuam.

kev loj hlob ntawm coherent hais lus ntawm preschoolers
kev loj hlob ntawm coherent hais lus ntawm preschoolers

Cov ntsiab lus hais lus

Tau paub txog qhov xwm txheej, tus menyuam pib paub txog qhov xwm txheej. Thaum xub thawj, cov lus hais ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog saturated nrog cov lus "nws", "nws", "lawv". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis paub meej tias lawv xa mus rau leej twg. Txhawm rau ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, lub tswv yim ntawm "xws li" yog siv thiab nquag ntxiv nrog kev piav tes piav taw: txhais tes qhia qhov twg nws yog, piv txwv li, loj, me. Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov lus no yog hais tias nws nthuav ntau tshaj qhov nws qhia.

Maj mam, tus menyuam pib tsim cov ntsiab lus hais lus. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj coob tus pronouns ploj ntawm kev sib tham thiab hloov los ntawm cov npe. Coherent hais lus yog txiav txim los ntawm lub logic ntawm ib tug neeg txoj kev xav.

Koj tsis tuaj yeem paub kev sib raug zoo yam tsis muaj logic. Tom qab tag nrho, kev hais lus ncaj qha nyob ntawm kev xav. Coherent hais lus yog qhov sib lawv liag thiab sib xws ntawm cov kev xav uas tau hais nrov nrov thiab ua ke rau hauv cov kab lus raug grammatically.

Los ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev sib tham nws paub meej tias nws lub logic yog li cas thiab cov lus zoo li cas tam sim no. Nrog rau cov lus tsis muaj lus, txawm tias qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev hais lus nrov nrov. Yog li ntawd, hais lus yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug complex: logic, nco, ib tug nplua nuj lo lus. Txhua yam yuav tsum sib haum xeeb.

hom kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus

Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus sib raug zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov tseem ceeb yog:

  • Tshwj xeeb kev sib tham.
  • Retelling.
  • Zaj dab neeg ntawm cov duab.
  • Composing dab neeg.

Thawj hom kev sib tham uas tus menyuam kawm yog kev sib tham. Cov menyuam raug qhia:

  • mloog thiab nkag siab tus neeg laus hais lus.
  • Sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus menyuam.
  • Tsim kev sib tham los ntawm kev teb cov lus nug.
  • Rov hais lus, kab lus tom qab tus kws qhia.

Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 4-7 tau qhia cov qauv yooj yim ntawm kev tsim kho monologue.

txuas lus yog
txuas lus yog

Retelling yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab ua siab ntev los ntawm tus menyuam. Pib nrog, kev npaj rau kev rov hais dua yuav tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd tus kws qhia ntawv nyeem cov ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov me nyuam teb cov lus nug ntsig txog cov ntawv nyeem. Lub phiaj xwm rov hais dua tau raug kos, tom qab ntawd tus kws qhia ntawv nyeem zaj dab neeg dua, thiab rov hais dua pib. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog preschool yuav luag txhua yam ua ke nrog tus kws qhia ntawv. Cov menyuam yaus loj hlob lawv tus kheej txoj kev qhia rov qab. Qhov no tswj kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev hais lus.

Duab yog ib qho cuab yeej los tsim kev sib txuas

Kev qhia kev sib txuas lus tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov duab. Zaj dab neeg los ntawm cov duab ua kom yooj yim rau kev rov hais dua ib txwm muaj. Txij li thaum cov chav kawm ntawm zaj dab neeg tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov duab kos, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau cim txhua yam. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv me, cov duab ib-thib-thooj nrog cov khoom piav qhia ntawm lawv yog siv. Cov menyuam yaus, teb tus xibfwb cov lus nug, piav qhia daim duab.

Txij thaum muaj 4 xyoos, tus menyuam raug qhiasau ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm ib daim duab. Nws xav tau qhov kev npaj no:

  • Saib daim duab.
  • teb rau tus xibfwb cov lus nug.
  • Xov xwm zaj.
  • Zaj dab neeg me nyuam yaus.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm zaj dab neeg, tus xib fwb qhia cov lus tseem ceeb. Nws tswj qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos, cov me nyuam raug qhia kom npaj thiab tham txog nws. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoos, tus menyuam muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau keeb kwm ntawm daim duab, piav qhia txog toj roob hauv pes, thiab cov ntsiab lus uas tsis tseem ceeb thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhia los ntawm daim duab, tus menyuam, tso siab rau daim duab, yuav tsum qhia tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim ua ntej cov xwm txheej tshwm sim thiab yuav tshwm sim li cas tom qab.

theem ntawm coherent hais lus
theem ntawm coherent hais lus

Tus kws qhia ntawv piav qhia zaj dab neeg nrog nws cov lus nug uas dhau mus dhau ntawm daim duab. Thaum qhia ib tug me nyuam, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tseeb grammatical tsim ntawm kab lus, kom ib tug txaus cov lus.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov dab neeg raws li cov duab toj roob hauv pes. Txij li thaum nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm siv cov lus hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab, ua kev sib piv, siv cov lus sib piv thiab cov lus sib piv.

Zaj- piav qhia

Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog lub peev xwm los piav txog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb, xwm txheej, caij nyoog.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog preschool, cov me nyuam raug qhia kom ua ib zaj dab neeg piav raws li cov khoom ua si. Tus xib fwb nug cov lus nug thiab qhia tus neeg piav qhia. Cov lus siv tseem ceeb rau kev piav qhia yog suav tias yog: qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv, xim. Tus menyuam loj hlob tuaj, nws hais lus ywj siab. Lawv pib ua ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom muaj sia, ob yam khoom sib txawv. Qhia cov me nyuam kom pom cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv. Cov zaj dab neeg raug muab tso ua ke, nrog rau cov khoom piav qhia hauv lawv.

Tseem, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog laus preschool qhia cov dab neeg los ntawm tus kheej kev paub, piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim rau lawv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cartoons lawv saib.

Txoj kev hais lus sib txuas - mnemonics

Cov txheej txheem yog raws li kev siv cov duab. Txhua zaj dab neeg, paj huam yog encoded nrog cov duab, raws li zaj dab neeg yog ces ua. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li qhov tseeb tias cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog preschool vam khom ntau dua ntawm kev nco pom dua li ntawm kev mloog. Kev kawm yuav tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm mnemonic lem, mnemonic ntxhuav thiab cov qauv duab.

kev cob cog rua kev hais lus
kev cob cog rua kev hais lus

Cov cim uas encode cov lus yog ze li sai tau rau cov khoom hais lus. Piv txwv li, thaum tham txog cov tsiaj hauv tsev, ib lub tsev yog kos ib sab ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, thiab hav zoov yog kos rau tsiaj qus.

Kev kawm los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau complex. Cov menyuam yaus xav txog mnemonic squares, tom qab - mnemonic lem nrog cov cim qhia, lub ntsiab lus uas lawv paub. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau theem:

  • Studying the table.
  • Coding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom nthuav tawm los ntawm cov cim rau hauv cov duab.
  • Retelling.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm mnemonics, assimilation ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog intuitive. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke.

Qib kev sib txuas lus

Tom qab tso rau hauv kev xyaum ntau yamcov txheej txheem hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, cov kws qhia ntawv tshawb xyuas cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Yog tias qee qhov ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau theem qis, lwm txoj hauv kev siv rau lawv, uas yuav ua tau zoo dua thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus.

Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tau muab faib ua peb theem:

  • High theem - tus menyuam muaj cov lus loj, grammatically thiab logically tsim kab lus. Muaj peev xwm rov hais ib zaj dab neeg, piav qhia, sib piv cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov lus sib xws, nthuav dav hauv cov ntsiab lus.
  • Qib nruab nrab - tus menyuam tsim cov kab lus nthuav dav, muaj kev paub nyeem ntawv siab. Teeb meem tshwm sim thaum tsim ib zaj dab neeg raws li zaj dab neeg, ntawm no nws tuaj yeem ua yuam kev, tab sis nrog cov lus ntawm cov neeg laus nws muaj peev xwm kho tau ntawm nws tus kheej.
  • Qib qis - tus menyuam muaj teeb meem tsim ib zaj dab neeg raws li zaj dab neeg. Nws cov lus tsis sib xws thiab tsis muaj tseeb, kev ua yuam kev semantic yog ua los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim kev sib txuas. Muaj grammatical yuam kev.
kev sib txuas lus ntawm preschoolers
kev sib txuas lus ntawm preschoolers

Zoo kawg

Tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv siv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab cov ntawv ua si. Yog li ntawd, tus me nyuam pib sib koom ua ke thiab grammatically qhia nws txoj kev xav, ua ib qho monologue, siv cov tswv yim sau ntawv.

Pom zoo: