Mercury yog cov hlau uas muaj cov kua hauv lub xeev ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws cov vapors yog volatile thiab lom. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Nws cov tshuaj lom rau cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo heev (nrog rau lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub). Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom thiab yuav ua li cas ntxuav qhov chaw tsis yog rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev neeg rau tag nrho cov pej xeem.
Khoom, kev siv, tus nqi ntawm mercury
Mercury thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tau paub rau noob neej ntev. Thaum pib, nws siv yog kev kho mob hauv qhov xwm txheej: laxative, nrog volvulus, kev kho mob syphilis, raws li diuretic lossis antiseptic. Tam sim no nws tau siv los ua ib feem hauv kev ua liaj ua teb (hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab), hauv metallurgical thiab tshuaj industries, nrog rau ntau yam engineering.
Mercury muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsuas kub thiab ntsuas ntsuas, uas yog, hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas rau ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam. Amalgam-raws li kev kho hniav filling yog ib qho mercury-based composite. Nws kuj yog ib feem ntawm daim iav. Cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo (nrog rau cov khoom txuag hluav taws xob) yog nyob ntawm kev sib txuastej hlau. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.
Tsis tas li ntawd, mercury muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom: cocoa taum, ntses thiab nqaij nruab deg (mackerel thiab tuna tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj), txiv ntseej, zaub mov kaus poom. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog txwv kev noj cov khoom no.
Symptoms of poisoning
Mercury belongs rau thawj chav kawm txaus ntshai ntawm cov khoom. Nws cov vapors tsis tshua muaj volatile thiab lom. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj kab mob hauv tsev hauv tsev lossis hauv tsev kho mob, yuav tsum tau ntsuas.
Yog muaj tshuaj lom nrog cov mercury me me, cov tsos mob yuav tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Yuav muaj cov nyhuv cumulative. Cov tsos mob hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- Nyob tsaug zog.
- kev chim chim siab.
- Headache.
- Kev ua txhaum tsis hnov tsw.
- Tshem.
- Txoj ntshav thiab khaus ntawm cov pos hniav, qhov tsos ntawm ciam teb tsaus rau lawv.
Yog tias demercurization (tshem tawm, nruab nrab) tsis tau ua raws sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem hnov cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom ntawm lub cev (feem ntau tom qab 6-24 teev), xws li:
- mob taub hau.
- Kev qaug zog, qaug zog.
- nce lub cev kub.
- Kev mob plab (mob plab, raws plab), mob plab hauv plab.
- Nqes pib mob thiab los ntshav.
- Muaj peev xwm ua rau lub raum puas (tej zaum yuav ua rau tuag taus hauv ib lub lis piam hauv qhov mob hnyav).
Yog muaj tshuaj lom, hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd. Raws li kev pabcuam thawj zaug, koj yuav tsum haus mis nyuj (kwv yees li ib liter), noj activated charcoal (ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib ntsiav tshuaj ib 10 kg ntawm tus neeg mob qhov hnyav). Shaken qe dawb tuaj yeem siv ua sorbent. Cov tshuaj laxative tau tso cai. Ua ntej lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tuaj txog, yaug koj lub qhov ncauj nrog 5% zinc chloride tov.
Dab tsi yog demercurization?
Nov yog kev tshem tawm cov mercury thiab nws cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev siv tshuab, lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg los tiv thaiv kev lom tsiaj, tib neeg.
Demercurization ntawm mercury. Kev qhia
Feem ntau, txhua yam dej num tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub cev thiab tshuaj. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov mercury los ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj deactivating kom txo qis kev sib kis ntawm chav tsev. Cov hauv qab no yog txoj hauv kev los ua qhov chaw nyob hauv tsev thiab hauv tsev tshwj xeeb.
Kev tshem tawm mercury hauv tsev
Cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hlau no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub tawg, mercury demercurization yog ib txoj kev tsim nyog.
Siv cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej - cov hnab looj tes pov tseg, khau npog, yog tias ua tau, cov khaub ncaws uas tuaj yeem muab pov tseg. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau sau tag nrho cov mercury nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv kaw nruj nreem ntim nrog dej. Collection yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua nrogroj hmab syringe, pov tseg syringe. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntaub lossis ntawv (piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg) soaked hauv cov roj sunflower. Cov roj yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem sau tau yooj yim dua. Cov khoom siv hauv txoj kev no yog muab tso rau hauv tib lub thawv nrog dej. Tom qab muab pov tseg ntawm cov reagent no, cov tais diav no yuav tsum tau muab xa mus rau lub regional point ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situation, qhov twg cov kws tshwj xeeb yuav ua hauj lwm nrog lawv. Tsis txhob muab mercury pov tseg hauv tsev.
Yog tias mercury tau nchuav rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws tag nrho, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau quav nws ntawm ntug mus rau qhov chaw kom cov kua hlau tseem nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw. Tom qab tshem tawm cov ntaub pua plag sab nraud thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov ntsug raws li qhov ua tau, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo sau tag nrho cov mercury hais raws li tau hais los saum toj no. Tsis txhob muab mercury rau hauv av - nws yuav kis kab mob, uas txhais tau hais tias cov tsiaj thiab cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov av thaum ua si yuav raug tshuaj lom. Koj tuaj yeem nteg ntaub, oilcloth hauv qab cov ntaub pua plag. Tom qab ntawd, maj mam txhuam nws tawm thiab tawm hauv qhov qhib tsawg kawg ob hnub.
Neutralization ntawm mercury hauv cov chaw kho mob
Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem (cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib kindergarten), kev kho mob tau ua kom zoo dua, vim tias ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem raug mob ntawm no. Ua ntej, kev tshem tawm lub cev yog ua raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Tom qab ntawd tsim cov tshuaj deactivation. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua txhua qhov chaw cuam tshuam nrog ib feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj iodine. Tawm mus rau qhov raug (exposure) rau 6 teev. Lub caij no, npaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb: tooj liab sulfate (30 g) yog yaj hauv 1liter dej, ntxiv 180 grams ntawm sodium sulfite, yaj tag (kom txog thaum lub precipitate disappears) thiab ntxiv plaub caug grams dej qab zib. Qhov tshwm sim muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj tau so rau txhua qhov chaw.
Tsis tas li, cov xov xwm uas tau raug mercury tuaj yeem kho nrog tshuaj xab npum (40g) thiab ci dej qab zib (50g) ib liter dej.
Public cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb demercurization, uas twb muaj txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev no thiab yuav tsis xav tau sijhawm ntau los npaj cov tshuaj reagents. Cov khoom siv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv hauv tsev nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov cua thiab ozonation ntawm chav tsev raug pom zoo. Cov lus qhia rau mercury demercurization nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai nruj. Txhua qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum raug ceeb toom rau cov tub ceev xwm tsim nyog. Tom qab kev ntsuas ntsuas, cov pa vapors thiab qib kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw raug ntsuas.
Dab tsi yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai thaum lub sijhawm demircurization?
- Tsis txhob nqus cov mercury.
- Thaum tshem tawm, tsis txhob rhuav nws mus rau hauv me me - qhov no yuav evaporate sai dua. Tsis txhob cia cov tsiaj los yog menyuam yaus nkag mus rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob.
- Mercury tsis tuaj yeem muab pov tseg nrog tsev neeg pov tseg. Tom qab sau nws rau hauv lub thawv ntim nrog dej, nws yuav tsum raug xa mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situations.
