Ntev npaum li cas mercury kom evaporate los ntawm tus ntsuas cua kub tawg? Kev phom sij ntawm mercury, lub sij hawm evaporation, txoj kev pov tseg thiab qhov tshwm sim

Cov txheej txheem:

Ntev npaum li cas mercury kom evaporate los ntawm tus ntsuas cua kub tawg? Kev phom sij ntawm mercury, lub sij hawm evaporation, txoj kev pov tseg thiab qhov tshwm sim
Ntev npaum li cas mercury kom evaporate los ntawm tus ntsuas cua kub tawg? Kev phom sij ntawm mercury, lub sij hawm evaporation, txoj kev pov tseg thiab qhov tshwm sim
Anonim

Tus pas ntsuas kub nyob hauv txhua lub tsev thiab chav tsev. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib yam khoom tseem ceeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua yam mob. Thiab txij li feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej no muaj mercury, thiab rooj plaub yog ua los ntawm iav, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawg los ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas. Thiab ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias mercury evaporates ntev npaum li cas, nws txaus ntshai thiab yuav ua li cas tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim.

Khoom muaj mercury

Mercury yog cov hlau uas tau cim tias yog 80th lub caij hauv lub sijhawm. Ua ib qho tshuaj lom cumulative, nws yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm I hazard. Nws yog tib yam hlau uas tsis solidify ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv kua daim ntawv. Kev tso tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg pib thaum qhov kub nce mus txog +18 ˚С, thiab txij li cov mercury evaporates ntev, qhov no ua rau nws txaus ntshai heev.

Mercury vapor yog qhov txaus ntshai
Mercury vapor yog qhov txaus ntshai

Tus pas ntsuas kub ib txwm muaj los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2 g ntawm cov kua hlau - qhov nyiaj no loj heev, thiab yog tias nws evaporates tag nrho hauv qhov chaw nyob kaw, thaj tsam ntawm 20 m22, qhov concentration ntawm cov pa phem yuav dhau qhov tso cai ntawm 0.0003 mg rau 1 m 3.

evaporation tus nqi ntawm mercury

Hauv ib teev, 0.002 mg ntawm mercury evaporates ib square meter. Yog li, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xam tus nqi ntawm nws cov evaporation nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev nyob ntawm chav tsev kub los ntawm muab cov duab no los ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam (90 cm2) ntawm tawg pob: 0.002 x 90 / 10000=0.000018 mg/teev.

Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, qee yam tseem ceeb yuav cuam tshuam qhov nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem no: qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, huab cua zoo, thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom tawg thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj lom. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom sau tag nrho cov mercury. Qee qhov ntawm nws tuaj yeem yob hauv qab lub hauv paus, rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb thiab me me hauv cov plag tsev.

Ib pob me me ntawm cov mercury los ntawm lub ntsuas kub uas tawg tau evaporates ntev - tsawg kawg 3 xyoos. Yog tias lub tsev muaj cov plag tsev sov thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov cua, lub sijhawm no yuav pom tau tias txo qis, thiab, qhov sib txawv, nce nrog qhov cua tsis tu ncua.

Chav cua
Chav cua

Koj tuaj yeem kwv yees ntev npaum li cas nws siv 2 grams mercury kom evaporate hauv tsev uas muaj cua zoo. Tau ua cov lej yooj yim, peb tau txais lub sijhawm 30 xyoo. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias txhua yam yog kev cai.

Yog peb tham txog ntev npaum li cas mercury evaporates ntawm txoj kev, ces ntawm nolub sijhawm no tseem yuav nyob ntawm ib puag ncig. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha tshav ntuj thiab huab cua kub ntawm +35 ˚С txog +40 ˚С, evaporation tus nqi nce 15-17 zaug. Thaum lub caij txias, nws txo qis raws li.

Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab tias dhau sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm evaporation ntawm mercury tee - tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, txog ob zaug thiab lwm yam.

mercury txaus ntshai npaum li cas?

Yog li, peb tau kawm ntev npaum li cas cov mercury evaporates hauv chav tsev thiab qhov ceev ntawm qhov txheej txheem no tshwm sim, los ntawm qhov uas nws ua raws li 0.18 mg ntawm cov pa phem tawm hauv ib teev. Muab piv rau daim duab no nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai concentration (0.0003 mg/m 3), peb pom muaj zog heev. Tab sis qhov ntawd tseem tsis tau hais dab tsi. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai concentration yog xam nyob rau hauv tus account thawj cov txheej txheem - qhov pib concentration rau lub sij hawm ntev - los ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau ib lub xyoo, thiab ntxiv ib tug guarantee ntawm kev hloov kho yog siv rau qhov no, uas txo tus nqi ntawm ob peb zaug.

Muaj lwm tus nqi, uas txhais tau tias yog koob tshuaj mercury txhua lub lim tiam rau ib tus neeg. Nws yog 5 mg rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav. Yog li, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev suav cov koob tshuaj ntau tshaj plaws rau txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg. Thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntim ntawm huab cua noj los ntawm ib tug neeg (25 m 3 ib hnub), peb tuaj yeem xam qhov siab tshaj plaws koob tshuaj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb muab cov txiaj ntsig no los ntawm qib tso cai ntawm mercury vapor (0.0003). Peb tau txais 0.0075 mg ib hnub. Peb suav cov koob tshuaj txhua lub lim tiam los ntawm kev muab cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm 7.

Mercury evaporatesntev
Mercury evaporatesntev

Thiab txhawm rau nkag siab tias mercury txaus ntshai npaum li cas los ntawm lub ntsuas kub tawg, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm huab cua hauv chav uas nqus evaporation. Koj tuaj yeem ua kev suav los ntawm kev muab qhov ntev ntawm chav los ntawm qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd paub qhov ntim ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chav tsev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov vapors ntawm cov khoom no yog volatile, thiab txij li thaum lub mercury nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev evaporates ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, lawv yeej yuav kis mus rau tag nrho cov chav. Yog li, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm 60 m 2 thiab qab nthab qhov siab ntawm 2.7 m, peb tau ntim ntawm 160 m3. Peb nco qab tias huab cua tsis zoo li qub; nrog rau qhov cua ib txwm muaj, 80% ntawm qhov ntsuas tau tau hloov pauv hauv ib teev. Yog li, txoj kev ncig tau nce qhov ntim ntawm huab cua uas siv mercury vapor, mus txog 300 m3.

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem xam qhov concentration ntawm mercury. Rau qhov no, tus nqi ntawm evaporation (0, 18) muab faib los ntawm qhov ntim (300). Qhov tshwm sim yog 0.006 mg rau 1 m3. Peb piv nrog cov qib uas tau txais (0.0003) thiab nkag siab tias tsis yog txhua yam tsis zoo li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Ua ntej peb yog ob zaug ntau tshaj ntawm cov koob tshuaj, uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas.

Yog li, paub ntau npaum li cas thiab ntev npaum li cas mercury evaporates thiab ploj mus, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav txim siab nws qhov kev puas tsuaj rau ib chav tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nws.

Symptoms of poisoning

Mercury vapor ua rau koj xav tsis zoo
Mercury vapor ua rau koj xav tsis zoo

Mercury los ntawm ib tus pas ntsuas kub tawg tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, tuag tes tuag taw thiab tuagyuav ua rau. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev muaj peev xwm teb tau cov pa phem nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog, tsis qab los noj mov, mob taub hau, xeev siab, saj ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab ntuav. Thiab yog tias pom cov tsos mob zoo li no, ces tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau txais kev pab kho mob sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li cov mercury los ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub evaporates rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav txuas ntxiv nws cov txiaj ntsig rau lub cev ntawm tus neeg tsis muaj zog. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav aggravate cov tsos mob ntawm lom, uas yuav ua rau los ntshav cov pos hniav, plab cramps, ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv lub cev kub thiab xoob quav nrog cov ntshav thiab hnoos qeev. Tus mob no yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob sai.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov mercury evaporates ntev npaum li cas thiab vim li cas nws thiaj txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov niam txiv thiab cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub. Hauv pab pawg tseem ceeb yog cov menyuam yaus uas, nrog rau lub sijhawm nqus pa, tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem raum. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum ceev faj - muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tus menyuam hauv plab.

Yuav khaws mercury li cas?

koj tuaj yeem sau mercury koj tus kheej
koj tuaj yeem sau mercury koj tus kheej

Kev nkag siab ntev npaum li cas cov mercury yuav evaporate thiab qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi, txhua tus yuav tsum tuaj yeem sau tau. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txo cov cua kub hauv chav los ntawm kev kaw tag nrho cov cua sov. Yog tias nws txias sab nraud, koj tuaj yeem qhib lub qhov rais, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho, kom cov cua ntsawj ntshab tsis tawg cov pob tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom me me. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nws yog ntshaw kom qhib lub tshuab cua txias. Cov kev ntsuas no yuav nres cov txheej txheem ntawm evaporation ntawm cov hlau lom.

Ncaj nraim rau kev tu nws tus kheej, koj yuav xav tau nyiastooj liab hlau, hlau filings los yog hmoov, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov xuab zeb, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv dawb, thiab ib lub thawv kaw.

Tshem tawm mercury nrog tooj liab

Vim tias cov mercury evaporates ntev, thiab txawm tias muaj cua txias heev, nws raug nquahu kom tiv thaiv cov kab mob ua pa nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntsej ua ntej pib ntxuav.

Tom qab ntawd peb muab cov xaim thiab cua hauv qhov chaw uas peb tau txais ib pob li 1.5 cm dav thiab 15 cm ntev. kom nws tsis txhob poob sib nrug thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav, peb khi nws hauv nruab nrab nrog ib tug xov los yog ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej. Peb txiav tawm qhov kawg ntawm ob sab kom lawv zoo li txhuam. Sandpaper tshem tawm tag nrho cov kua roj vanish thiab khoov lub nqaj nyob rau hauv ib nrab. Yog li ntawd, ob qhov kawg yuav tsum nyob rau tib sab.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj peb ua ob peb lem ntawm daim kab xev. Yog li nws yuav yooj yim dua rau koj los tuav cov txhuam hniav hauv koj txhais tes. Tom qab ntawd, nrog koj cov ntiv tes, me ntsis qhib qhov chaw ntxuav thiab coj mus rau cov khoom mercury. Tooj liab yuav pib sib sau ua ke hlau hais, thiab tsis ntev lawv tag nrho yuav nyob ntawm nws cov lus qhia. Thaum ua tiav cov txheej txheem, nws yuav tsum muab txhua yam tso rau hauv lub thawv (ua ke nrog cov xaim) thiab kaw lub hau kom nruj.

Yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv hlau li cas los ntxuav?

Cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog tsim rau kev sau cov mercury
Cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog tsim rau kev sau cov mercury

Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob thiab ua tib zoo txhuam rau hauv qhov chaw nrog daim ntaub qhuav. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov crumbled hais ntawm mercury yuav nyob rau ntawm nws. Peb muab tso rau hauv ib lub hub nrog sawdust thiab kaw nws hermetically.

Txoj kev ntxuav mercury no yooj yim heev, tab sisNws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau qhov chaw du, xws li linoleum, yas, marble, thiab lwm yam. Rau qhov chaw uas muaj cov kab nrib pleb thiab grooves, yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev sib txawv.

Mercury on pawg ntaub pua plag

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom huv huv ntawm no, vim tias cov mercury los ntawm lub ntsuas kub uas tawg tau tawg mus ntev. Yog tias tsis yog tag nrho nws tau sau, cov tshuaj lom yuav raug tso tawm mus ntxiv, maj mam tsub zuj zuj hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom yog tsis pom thaum xub thawj, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem hnov tom qab ob peb lub lis piam. Thiab qhov no, dhau los, yuav ua rau kev kuaj mob nyuaj heev.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los sau tag nrho cov mercury los ntawm cov xim mos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv pw ntev. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau sim, txwv tsis pub cov ntaub pua plag tsuas yog yuav tsum muab pov tseg.

Muab cov ntaub ntawv hlau tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus pas ntsuas kub tawg, thiab tig cov ntaub pua plag rau thaj tsam no. Peb qhwv lub cheeb tsam nrog mercury nrog polyethylene, ua tib zoo tuav nws tawm thiab tawm mus rau qhov cua. Pob pov pob mercury nrog rau zaj duab xis xa mus rau lub thawv thiab kaw zoo.

Ntawm daim ntaub tsis muaj lint

Nws yooj yim dua kom tshem tawm cov mercury los ntawm cov txheej txheej zoo li hauv cov ntawv dhau los. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv cov txhuam hlau ntawm no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv lub syringe me me lossis syringe. Siv cov cuab yeej xaiv, peb sau tag nrho cov tee dej ntawm cov khoom thiab ntim txhua yam hermetically.

Yuav ua li cas tsis muaj mercury?

Mercury yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo
Mercury yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo

cheb mercury nrog ib tug broom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm ntaub pua plag, yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Yog li koj tsuas yog ua txhaum cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nthuav qhov ntim ntawm evaporation. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob nqus cov pa paug hauv cheeb tsam, txwv tsis pub lub cav sov yuav ua rau kom cov evaporation nce, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tom qab.

Yog cov pob mercury tau rau ntawm yam, ces lawv yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Kev ntxuav tshuab yog txwv tsis pub, vim nws yuav tsis txuag khaub ncaws - lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij yav tom ntej.

Nws tsis tso cai tso cov khoom khaws cia rau hauv lub dab dej lossis chav dej, vim nws hnyav thiab feem ntau yuav nyob hauv lub luj tshib ntawm cov dej. Ntev npaum li cas mercury evaporate nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no? Ntev thiab khaus. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav raug cov pa phem tas li.

Txawm tias lub hub uas muaj cov tshuaj lom hlau tau ua tib zoo kaw, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab lossis khib nyiab. Nws yuav tawg sai lossis tom qab ntawd thiab lwm tus neeg yuav raug xwm txheej.

mercury pov tseg qhov twg?

Feem ntau, yog tias cov mercury nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus lossis ntawm cov txheej tsis muaj lint, ces nws yuav tsis yooj yim los sau nws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hau kev saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem siv ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ntxiv nrog lub thawv no yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem muab pov tseg? Hauv qhov teeb meem no, cov koom haum tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pab, xws li:

  • kev pabcuam huv thiab kis kabmob;
  • Ministry of Emergency Situations;
  • mercury recycling service.

Koj yuav tsum tau hu rau ib tug ntawm lawv thiab nqa lub hub ntawm cov mercury sau rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Tsuas yog xyuas kom tseeb tias nws tau ntim kom zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom pov tseg cov khaub ncaws thiab khau uas koj ntxuav. Los ntawm novim li cas, kev sau cov mercury yog nqa nrog hnab looj tes thiab ib ce tshwj xeeb.

Yog tias kev sau cov mercury ua tsis tiav

Thaum tus pas ntsuas kub tawg, cov mercury feem ntau ya mus deb heev. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov rooj tog zaum, hauv qhov chaw uas cov khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khaws cia, yob hauv qab lub hauv paus lossis xaus rau hauv pem teb crevices. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los sau tag nrho cov tee dej mus rau qhov kawg. Thiab tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem pab ntawm no. Ua ntej tub rog tuaj txog, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm txhua tus neeg thiab tsiaj los ntawm qhov chaw muaj kab mob thiab qhib qhov rais.

Tom qab tuaj txog, cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg yuav teeb tsa cov theem ntawm cov pa mercury vapor concentration, ua kom huv si thiab kos cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.

Pom zoo: