Txhua tus paub tias tib neeg yog eukaryotes. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tag nrho nws cov hlwb muaj cov organelle uas muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces - lub nucleus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev zam. Puas muaj cov hlwb tsis muaj nuclear hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej yog dab tsi?
Nuclear-free human cells
Lawv tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog cov prokaryotes, uas muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam. Cov cell uas tsis yog nuclear yog dab tsi? Tsis muaj nucleus hauv cov qe ntshav - erythrocytes. Hloov chaw ntawm cov organelle no, lawv muaj cov tshuaj complex ntawm cov tshuaj uas tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub cev. Platelets - platelets thiab lymphocytes - kuj yog cov hlwb uas tsis yog nuclear. Tsis muaj nucleus hauv cov hlwb, uas yog hu ua qia hlwb. Tag nrho cov qauv no koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho ntxiv feature. Txij li thaum lawv tsis muaj nucleus, lawv tsis muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov hlwb uas tsis yog-nuclear, piv txwv uas tau muab, tuag tom qab ua lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab cov tshiab tau tsim hauv cov kabmob tshwj xeeb.
Erythrocytes
Lawv txiav txim siab xim ntawm peb cov ntshav. Cov qe ntshav uas tsis yog-nuclear, erythrocytes, muaj qhov txawv txav - biconcave disk, uas ua rau lawv qhov chaw loj dua. Tab sis lawv tus lej tsuas yog amazing: hauv 1 square. mm ntawm lawv cov ntshav mus txog 5 lab! Qhov nruab nrab, ib qho erythrocyte nyob txog plaub lub hlis, tom qab ntawd nws tuag thiab neutralized nyob rau hauv tus po thiab daim siab. Cov hlwb tshiab raug tsim txhua thib ob hauv cov pob txha liab.
RBC muaj nuj nqi
Cov hlwb uas tsis yog nuclear muaj dab tsi es tsis yog nucleus? Cov tshuaj no hu ua heme thiab globin. Thawj yog muaj hlau. Nws tsis tsuas yog stains cov ntshav liab xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov nrog oxygen thiab carbon dioxide. Globin yog ib yam khoom muaj protein. Heme muaj ib tug them hlau ion yog immersed nyob rau hauv nws loj molecule. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, cov hlwb no tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov tsheb tavxij taag. Hauv lub ntsws, lawv ntxiv oxygen. Nrog rau cov ntshav ntws, nws yog nqa mus rau txhua lub hlwb thiab tso tawm rau ntawd. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm cov pa oxygen, cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation ntawm cov organic tshuaj tshwm sim nrog kev tso tawm ntawm qee lub zog uas tus neeg siv los ua lub neej. Qhov chaw vacated tam sim ntawd nyob hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas txav mus rau qhov sib txawv - mus rau lub ntsws, qhov twg nws yog exhaled. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub neej. Yog tias tsis muaj oxygen nkag mus rau cov hlwb, lawv cov kev tuag zuj zus tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev tag nrho.
Erythrocytes ua lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nyob rau ntawm lawv daim nyias nyiasmuaj cov cim qhia protein hu ua Rh factor. Qhov ntsuas no, zoo li hom ntshav, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum muab ntshav, thaum cev xeeb tub, pub dawb thiab ua haujlwm phais. Nws yuav tsum tau ntsia, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm incompatibility, lub thiaj li hu ua Rh tsis sib haum xeeb yuav tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis lees paub tus me nyuam hauv plab los yog hauv nruab nrog cev.
kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, huab cua tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav liab puas. Yog li ntawd, ib tug kab mob loj tshwm sim, uas yog hu ua anemia, los yog anemia. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob kiv taub hau, qaug zog, ua tsis taus pa, tinnitus. Oxygen deficiency cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub. Yog tias cov pa oxygen tsis txaus rau tus menyuam hauv plab los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tsis zoo.
qauv ntawm platelets
Nuclear-free cells platelets tseem hu ua platelets. Nyob rau hauv lub inactive lub xeev, lawv yeej muaj ib tug ca puab, reminiscent ntawm lub lens. Tab sis thaum cov hlab ntsha puas lawm, lawv o, puag ncig, tsim tsis ruaj tsis khov outgrowths ntawm txheej txheej - pseudopodia. Platelets yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha liab thiab tsis nyob ntev - mus txog 10 hnub, neutralized nyob rau hauv tus po.
txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej
Cov platelet matrix muaj cov enzyme hu ua thromboplastin. Hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntshanws yog nyob rau hauv plasma. Raws li nws qhov kev txiav txim, cov ntshav protein prothrombin nkag mus rau hauv nws daim ntawv nquag, ua haujlwm ntawm fibrinogen. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj no dhau mus rau hauv lub xeev insoluble. Nws hloov mus rau hauv cov protein fibrin. Nws cov xov yog sib cuam tshuam zoo thiab tsim ib qho thrombus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav coagulation tiv thaiv cov ntshav poob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau nws rupture thiab txawm tuag ntawm lub cev. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem txhaws yog hu ua hemophilia. Cov kab mob keeb kwm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov platelets tsis txaus thiab ua rau poob ntshav ntau dhau.
Stem cells
Cov hlwb uas tsis yog nuclear no hu ua qia hlwb vim yog vim li cas. Lawv yeej yog lub hauv paus rau tag nrho lwm tus. Lawv kuj hu ua "genetically pure". Stem cells muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev, tab sis cov pob txha pob txha muaj feem ntau. Lawv pab txhawb rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev ncaj ncees thaum tsim nyog. Stem cells tig mus rau lwm hom hlwb thaum lawv raug rhuav tshem. Nws yuav zoo li tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li tej yam yees siv mechanism, ib tug neeg yuav tsum nyob mus ib txhis. Vim li cas qhov no tsis tshwm sim? Qhov tseeb yog tias nrog lub hnub nyoog, qhov kev siv ntawm qia cell sib txawv tau txo qis. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm. Tab sis muaj lwm yam txaus ntshai thiab. Muaj ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qia hlwb hloov mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm txhua yam kab mob.
Nuclear-Free Cells: Piv txwv thiab Nta
Nuclear-dawb hlwb muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv xwm. Piv txwv li, xiav-ntsuab algae thiab kab mob yog prokaryotes. Tab sis, tsis zoo li tib neeg lub hlwb tsis muaj nuclear, lawv tsis tuag tom qab ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm lom neeg. Qhov tseeb yog tias prokaryotes muaj cov khoom siv caj ces. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm sib faib, uas tshwm sim los ntawm mitosis. Yog li ntawd, ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov niam cell raug tsim. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm prokaryotes yog sawv cev los ntawm ib puag ncig DNA molecule, uas ua ob npaug ua ntej sib faib. Qhov no analogue ntawm nucleus tseem hu ua nucleoid. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, lub hlwb nyob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg conductive - sieve tubes - yog non-nuclear.
Yog li, tib neeg lub hlwb tsis muaj nuclear tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev faib tawm, yog li lawv muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ua ntej lawv ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj thiab kev zom zaub mov intracellular tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom tsim (erythrocytes), platelets (platelets), thiab qia hlwb.
