Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws raug suav hais tias yog lub txaj txaj ntawm European kev vam meej niaj hnub no. Lub xeev no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej - kev tshawb fawb, tshuaj, kev nom kev tswv, kos duab thiab kev xav. Qee lub monuments ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thaum ub tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Nws yog hais txog lawv, nrog rau keeb kwm ntawm ib zaug lub hwj chim loj, uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab nws cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb
Nyob rau hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, historians to taub tag nrho ntawm civilizations uas muaj nyob rau li 3000 xyoo: los ntawm peb txhiab xyoo BC mus rau lub 1st caug xyoo AD. Lub tswv yim heev ntawm "Ancient Greece" nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev niaj hnub no tsis siv. Hauv lub tebchaws no, kev tsim kev vam meej no hu ua Hellas, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv hu ua Hellenes.
Kev piav qhia ntawm Ancient Greece yuav tsum pib nrog nws qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho Western kev vam meej. Yog li, historians rightly ntseeg hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv ancient Greece uas lub hauv paus ntawm European kev ywj pheej tau nteg,philosophy, architecture thiab art. Lub xeev Greek thaum ub tau kov yeej los ntawm Rome, tab sis tib lub sijhawm Roman Empire tau txais cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Greek kab lis kev cai qub.
Qhov kev siv tiag tiag ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tsis yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo zoo nkauj dab neeg, tab sis kev tshawb pom hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kab lis kev cai, kev xav thiab paj huam, tshuaj thiab architecture. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Ancient Greece tsis coincide nrog ciam teb ntawm lub xeev niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv lo lus no, historians feem ntau txhais tau hais tias qhov nthuav dav ntawm lwm lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam: Qaib ntxhw, Cyprus, lub Crimea thiab txawm lub Caucasus. Monuments ntawm Ancient Greece tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg Greek thaum ub cov chaw nyob (cov cheeb tsam) nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tau tawg ua ke raws ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean, Dub thiab Azov Seas.
Geography thiab daim ntawv qhia ntawm Ancient Greece
Hellas tsis yog ib qho, lub xeev monolithic. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, ntau tshaj li kaum ob lub nroog cais tau tsim (cov npe nrov tshaj plaws yog Athens, Sparta, Piraeus, Samos, Corinth). Txhua lub xeev ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws yog cov thiaj li hu ua "polises" (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub zos), nrog rau cov av nyob ib sab ntawm lawv. Txhua tus muaj nws txoj cai.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Ancient Hellas yog Balkan Peninsula, lossis zoo li, nws sab qab teb, sab hnub poob ntawm Asia Minor, nrog rau ntau lub tebchaws nyob hauv thaj av no. Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws muaj peb ntu: Northern Greece, Middle Greece thiab Peloponnese. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, lub xeev ciam teb rau Macedonia thiabIllyria.
Daim ntawv qhia keeb kwm ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws yog qhia hauv qab no.
Lub nroog hauv Ancient Greece (txoj cai)
Lub nroog zoo li cas hauv Ancient Greece?
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias lawv muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj, raws li lawv feem ntau nyiam piav qhia hauv cov duab. Qhov tseeb, nws yog lus dab neeg. Tsuas yog cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb tau saib zoo nkauj thiab pom zoo nyob rau hauv Greek txoj cai thaum ub, tab sis cov tsev ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam tau coj tus kheej.
Lub tsev ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev nplij siab. Cov keeb kwm hais tias cov Greeks thaum ub txawm pw sab nraum, nyob rau hauv lub porticoes. Lub network ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog tau sloppy thiab tsis xeeb tub, feem ntau lawv tawm ntawm lub hnub.
Yam uas phem tshaj plaws hauv Athens, uas ntau tus neeg taug kev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau hais lus thuam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nplij siab thaum kawg nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev ntawm cov neeg Greek qub. Yog li, kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv kev npaj hauv nroog thiab kev npaj txoj kev nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Hippodames ntawm Miletus. Nws yog nws tus thawj coj saib xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov tsev hauv nroog thiab sim ua lawv hauv ib kab.
Architectural landmarks ntawm Ancient Greece
Tam sim no nws tsim nyog nyob rau lwm lo lus nug tseem ceeb: Dab tsi yog Ancient Hellas tso peb, yog peb tham txog cov khoom monuments?
Sights of Ancient Greece - cov tuam tsev, amphitheatres, seem ntawm cov tsev pej xeem - tau khaws cia hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm chav kawm, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub niaj hnub lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv qub txeeg qub teg yog cov tuam tsev Greek thaum ub. Hauv Hellas, lawv tau tsim txhua qhov chaw, vim nws ntseeg tias cov vajtswv lawv tus kheej nyob hauv lawv. Cov chaw nto moo ntiaj teb no ntawm Ancient Greece sawv tawm ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov vaj tsev monuments ntawm Ancient Hellas - cov seem ntawm Greek acropolises thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj thaum ub.
Parthenon
Tej zaum lub monument nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm ancient Greek architecture yog lub tuam tsev Parthenon. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 432 BC nyob rau hauv Athens, thiab niaj hnub no yog lub feem ntau recognizable neeg mus ncig tebchaws cim ntawm niaj hnub tim Nkij teb chaws. Nws paub tias kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev Doric zoo nkauj no yog coj los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev Kallikrat thiab Iktin, thiab nws tau tsim los ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Athena, tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm Athenian Acropolis.
Rau peb lub sijhawm, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Parthenon nrog tsib caug kab tau khaws cia zoo heev. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tuam tsev koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab puab ntawm Athena, ua nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm los ntawm cov kaus ntxhw thiab kub los ntawm Phidias, tus kws kos duab Greek thiab sculptor nto moo tshaj plaws.
Lub frieze ntawm lub hauv paus facade ntawm lub tsev yog generously dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam dluab, thiab pediments ntawm lub tuam tsev yog zoo kawg nkaus sculptural compositions.
Temple of Hera
Lub tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub yog lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Hera. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua BC. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tsev tsis tau khaws cia zoo li Parthenon: thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua plaub, nws tau ua phem heev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.av qeeg.
Lub Tuam Tsev Hera nyob hauv Olympia. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, cov neeg nyob hauv Elis tau muab nws rau Olympians. Lub hauv paus, cov kauj ruam, nrog rau ntau qhov tseem muaj sia nyob - qhov no yog txhua yam uas tseem tshuav ntawm cov qauv loj niaj hnub no. Ib tug tsuas xav txog tej yam zoo li thaum ub.
Muaj ib zaug, lub tuam tsev ntawm Hera tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug pej thuam ntawm Hermes. Niaj hnub no cov duab puab yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub archaeological tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Olympia. Nws paub tias cov neeg Loos thaum ub siv lub tuam tsev ntawm Hera ntawm Olympia ua qhov chaw dawb huv. Niaj hnub no, qhov chaw no muaj koob npe nrov vim qhov tseeb tias nplaim taws Olympic tau teeb ntawm no nyob rau hmo ua ntej Olympics.
Temple of Poseidon
Lub Tuam Tsev Poseidon, lossis nws qhov seem, nyob ntawm Cape Sounion. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 455 BC. Tsuas yog 15 kab tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, tab sis lawv hais lus nrov nrov ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm cov qauv no. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tsa tias ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev no, ntev ua ntej kev tsim kho, twb muaj lwm qhov chaw pe hawm. Lawv tau sau hnub tim rau xyoo pua 7 BC.
Txhua tus yeej paub zoo tias tus vajtswv Poseidon hauv Greek mythology thaum ub yog tus kav hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog lub caij nyoog uas cov neeg Greek thaum ub tau xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev: ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Aegean. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no uas Vaj Ntxwv Aegeus pov nws tus kheej tawm ntawm lub pob tsuas thaum nws pom nyob deb ntawm lub nkoj ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv Theseus nrog lub nkoj dub.
In xaus…
Ancient Greece yog tiagib qho tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm ntawm European kev vam meej uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev loj hlob ntawm European kab lis kev cai, kev tshawb fawb, kos duab thiab architecture. Lub sights ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws yog ntau lub tuam tsev majestic, qhov seem ntawm acropolises thiab picturesque ruins, uas tau ciaj sia nyob rau hauv coob mus rau niaj hnub no. Niaj hnub no lawv nyiam coob tus neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb.
