Cov kab mob ntau yam yuav tsum tau paub meej txog cov kab mob thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws hom. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab hom kab mob, microbiologists tau pab los ntawm nws cov khoom tinctorial - qhov cuam tshuam ntawm microbe rau staining nrog ntau yam xim. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los tshawb txog morphology ntawm cov kab mob. Cov khoom tinctorial ntawm cov kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb fawb thiab theoretical hauv microbiology.
tshawb nrhiav microbial
Hauv kab mob bacteriology, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau staining kab mob. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog raws li cov tinctorial zog ntawm cov kab mob. Staining tso cai rau koj los txiav txim lawv cov duab, qauv, qhov loj me, qhov chaw txheeb ze. Qhov no tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm systematizing hom kab mob ntawm cov kab mob dav dav thiab kev sib piv microbiology.
Vim li cas pleev lawv
Cov kab mob yog xyaumCov kab mob pob tshab, thiab tsis muaj kev siv staining, lawv tsis pom zoo rau cov pa microscopy. Koj tuaj yeem siv hom microscopy tshwj xeeb (theem sib piv, qhov tsaus ntuj) los kawm cov khoom, tab sis txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog stain, tom qab ntawd cov kab mob tuaj yeem pom hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Sample npaj
Txawm hais tias siv cov txheej txheem staining, muaj cov cai tsis sib xws rau kev npaj cov khoom raws li kev kawm. Cov theem hauv qab no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua:
- Sterile instruments ua smear rau ntawm iav swb.
- Tus qauv tau qhuav. Qhov no yog ua tiav ntawm chav tsev kub lossis siv cov khoom kom qhuav.
- Ua raws li theem kho - cov kab mob txuas nrog rau lub khob nrog cov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb.
- Kev staining kom raug - cov qauv yog npog nrog cov xim rau lub sijhawm ruaj khov, tom qab ntawd nws raug ntxuav tawm.
- Kev ziab kawg - tus qauv rov qhuav dua.
Ntau dyes
Cov tshuaj dyes feem ntau yog ua los ntawm aniline nrog cov kua qaub sib txawv (pH). Feem ntau cov dyes yog cov hmoov uas diluted hauv cawv.
Dyes nyob rau hauv uas cations yog cov colouring agents hu ua yooj yim (pH ntau dua 7). Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kab mob hauv cov xim liab (magenta, safranin), violet (methyl violet, thionine), xiav (methylene xiav), ntsuab (malachite ntsuab), xim av (chrysoidin) thiab dub (indulin) xim.
Dyes, uas cov tshuaj pleev xim yog anions, hu ua acidic (pH tsawg dua 7). Lawv yuav stain cov qauv liab (eosin), daj (picrin), lossis dub (nigrosin).
Muaj ib pawg ntawm cov xim tsis zoo (piv txwv li, rhodamine B), qhov twg ob qho tib si cations thiab anions ua cov xim xim.
kab lis kev cai tuag los yog ciaj sia
Txoj kev staining tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lub neej ntawm cov qauv kuaj.
- Vital (lub neej) staining. Txoj kev kawm no cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob microorganisms yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm microbes. Rau qhov staining no, dyes uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj zog nkag siab yog siv.
- Tom qab qhov tseem ceeb staining. Qhov no yog staining ntawm cov kab mob tuag los yog tua kab mob. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom tinctorial ntawm cov kab mob, microbiologists txiav txim siab lawv cov qauv. Nws yog qhov staining uas tau siv dav tshaj plaws.
Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative
Nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus qhia rau ntau yam tshuaj. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov kab mob tinctorial ntawm cov kab mob yog ua raws li kev siv gentian violet dye thiab iodine fixation. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm Hans Christian Gram, tus kws kho mob Danish uas tau hais tawm hauv xyoo 1884. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov staining no, cov kab mob tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Gram (+) - tig xiav(Staphylococci thiab streptococci).
- Gram (-) - xim liab rau liab (enterobacteria, salmonella, E. coli).
Cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv yog vim muaj cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob phab ntsa. Txoj kev Gram stain tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm qee yam kab mob.
Lwm txoj kev staining
Cia peb cim ob peb txoj hauv kev siv dav hauv kab mob.
- Ziehl-Nelson txoj kev - txiav txim siab cov kua qaub tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ua rau tuberculosis thiab mycobacteriosis.
- Romanovsky-Giemsa cov txheej txheem - stains acidophilic (acetic acid thiab lactic acid) cov kab mob liab, thiab basophilic (spirochetes thiab protozoa) xiav.
- Morozov cov txheej txheem - stains cov kab mob xim av thiab ua rau lawv cov flagella pom.
Spores tuaj yeem pom
Tsiel's fuchcin staining tso cai rau koj pom cov kab mob spores. Muaj cov xim liab tom qab staining, lawv pom tseeb tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob xiav. Txoj kev no kuj yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm cov kab mob bacteriology thiab tseem ceeb heev.
