Egyptology, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim, tau pib los ntawm kev foob pob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb thiab cov thawj coj tab sis tsis tau lees paub qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tshawb fawb. Tim lyiv teb chaws, uas nws hieroglyphs tsis tuaj yeem deciphered, beckoned thiab ntshai nrog nws paub tsis meej. Egyptology tiag tiag pib txhim kho tsuas yog tom qab tus yuam sij poob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb,
deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. Lub Rosetta Pob Zeb - qhov no yog li cas cov lus qhia ntev-ntev tau raug hu ua - muaj nws tus kheej, yuav luag tshawb nrhiav, keeb kwm.
Nws tag nrho pib nrog kev sib sau uas tus kws tshaj lij thiab kws tshawb fawb Leibniz tau sau rau Louis XIV. Ua tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug nom tswv, Leibniz tau sim hloov cov xim ntawm Fabkis huab tais los ntawm nws haiv neeg lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau nws cov ntawv sau rau tim lyiv teb chaws, hu nws "tus yuam sij rau Tebchaws Europe." Sau nyob rau hauv 1672, Leibniz cov treatise tau nyeem los ntawm lwm tus Fabkishuab tais tshaj ib puas xyoo tom qab. Emperor Napoleon nyiam lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, thiab hauv 1799 nws tau xa tub rog mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws txhawm rau txhawm rau kov yeej cov tub rog Askiv uas tau nyob hauv lub tebchaws ntawm cov pyramids. Lub nkoj Fabkis tau koom nrog cov kws tshawb fawb uas xav paub txog kev vam meej thaum ub ntawm Egypt.
Egypt tseem nyob hauv Fabkis txoj cai tau peb xyoos. Lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm Egyptian artifacts thaum ub, tab sis cov lus zais ntawm kev vam meej tseem yog
mu raug kaw los ntawm xya lub xauv. Tus yuam sij rau tag nrho cov xauv no yog Rosetta Pob Zeb. Nws tau pom los ntawm ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Bouchard ntoj ke mus kawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov tub rog fort Saint-Julien. Lub fort tau tsim nyob ze lub nroog Rosetta, los ntawm lub pob zeb tau txais nws lub npe. Tom qab raug kev puas tsuaj hauv 1801, Fabkis tau tawm hauv tebchaws Iziv, nrog lawv txhua qhov tsis tshua pom pom. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom sau tuaj rau Askiv, qhov uas nws tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm Egyptian department ntawm British Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Rosetta pob zeb yog dab tsi? Nws yog monolith ntawm dub bas alt nrog inscriptions carved rau hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau muab tawm tias lub pob zeb muaj peb hom ntawv, sau ua peb hom lus. Cov ntawv nyeem tau dhau los ua ib txoj cai ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm lub nroog Memphis, uas lub pov thawj hwj ua tsaug rau Falau Ptolemy V thiab muab nws txoj cai hwm. Thawj version ntawm tsab cai lij choj tau sau nyob rau hauv Egyptian hieroglyphs, thiab qhov thib peb inscription yog ib tug txhais ntawm tib txoj cai rau Greek. Muab piv rau cov ntawv sau no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib piv cov hieroglyphs nrog cov tsiaj ntawv Greek, yog li tau txais tus yuam sij rau lwm cov ntawv sau ntawm Egyptian thaum ub. Qhov thib peb inscription tau ua nyob rau hauv demoticCov cim - lus Greek thaum ub.
Lub Rosetta Pob Zeb tau kawm los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Tus Fabkis orientalist de Sacy yog thawj tus uas txiav txim siab cov ntawv sau ntawm lub pob zeb, thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Swedish Åkerblad txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog nyeem cov hieroglyphic ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau, txij li qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm kev sau ntawv tau ploj mus rau lub sijhawm Roman thaum ub. Tus txiv neej Askiv hluas pib decipher cov hieroglyphs, tab sis tus Frenchman Champollion tswj kom ua tiav tiav. Nws tau ua pov thawj tias cov kab ke hieroglyphic feem ntau muaj cov cim suab thiab cov tsiaj ntawv. Thaum nws lub neej luv luv, tus kws tshawb fawb no tau tswj hwm los sau cov phau ntawv txhais lus dav dav ntawm cov lus Egyptian thaum ub thiab tsim nws txoj cai grammatical. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm ntawm Rosetta Pob Zeb hauv kev txhim kho Egyptology tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag.
