Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog hauv Lavxias los qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb: nws tuaj yeem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho khoom los ntawm lwm yam khoom (lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo); kev txiav txim thiab nws cov ntsiab lus (lub rustling ntawm nplooj), kev ua thiab nws cov khoom (tsev ib lub tsev), kev txiav txim thiab nws qhov chaw (taug kev ze lub tsev), tsis muaj ib yam khoom (tsis muaj cua).
Txhua rooj plaub yog txiav txim los ntawm cov lus nug.
Cov lus nug dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe teb?
Thaum nws los rau lub npe, nws nyob ntawm qeb ntawm animateness lossis inanimateness. Cov ntaub ntawv genitive teb cov lus nug:
- leej twg? - animate noun
- dab tsi? - inanimate noun
| leej twg? | dab tsi? |
|
tsis muaj phooj ywg ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ze leej niam ntawmyoov los ntawm nees ntawm tus ntxhuav ze pog ncig tus dev tom qab tus txiv neej rau tus tub |
no pockets ntawm qhov dej ze tsev ua ntoo ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm rooj vag ze qhov nkag ze ntawm lub tsev after class rau haujlwm |
Lub rooj muaj cov npe nyob rau hauv rooj plaub genitive nrog prepositions. Nws yog cov prepositions uas yog siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv nouns.
Cov lus nug tseem ceeb ntawm rooj plaub genitive
Nws tsis yooj yim ib txwm nug cov lus nug. Thaum ib lub npe nrog preposition nyob rau hauv ib kab lus qhia txog lub sijhawm, duab, qhov chaw, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, ces cov ntaub ntawv genitive yog siv, cov lus nug uas yuav yog adverbial:
- qhov twg?
- qhov twg?
- thaum twg?
- vim?
- ua li cas?
Kev txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm rooj plaub genitive los ntawm nqe lus nug
Nws yooj yim tshaj plaws los faib cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub rooj:
| Nouns in the genitive case has meaning: | ||||
| sijhawm ua haujlwm | mode of action | qhov chaw | yog vim li cas | action goals |
| Thaum twg? | Yuav ua li cas? |
Qhov twg? Los ntawm qhov twg? |
Vim li cas? | Vim li cas? |
|
tom qabnoj su midday mus txog yav tsaus ntuj |
tsis txaus siab no spark |
by txoj kev tawm hauv nroog near school ntawm hauv qab tsob ntoo los ntawm roob |
laughing zoo siab tawm ntawm kev chim siab |
rau kev lag luam rau haujlwm rau kev kawm |
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov npe nrog cov prepositions muaj ntau yam kev siv raws li qhov xwm txheej.
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv genitive
Khoj:
- ntawm Turks lossis ntawm Turks?
- ob puas grams hnyuv ntxwm lossis ob puas grams hnyuv ntxwm?
- ib kilo ntawm tangerine lossis tangerines?
- nkawm khau lossis khau?
Yog hais tias ib tug neeg xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov lus nug no, zoo.
Qhov mob taub hau loj tshaj plaws yog daim ntawv genitive plural.
Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem hais tias: "Peb tsis muaj rooj plaub, peb tsis paub qhov xwm txheej." Tab sis muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum kev paub yog lub hwj chim. Piv txwv li, muaj kev xeem hauv Lavxias.
Lub ncauj lus no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thaum kawm cov ntaub ntawv no, txij li cov ntawv sau tsis raug suav sau tau tsim thiab nws tuaj yeem nyuaj kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv lawv.
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm assimilation, koj tuaj yeem faib cov khoom rau hauv pawg raws li lawv hom.
Feminine plural genitive nouns
Cov nounsxoom inflection feem ntau yog qhov txawv. Tab sis dab tsi yog ua ntej kawg yog txiav txim los ntawm thawj daim ntawv (singular h, im. p.)
Nws tsim nyog nco qab tias cov lus hauv rooj plaub nominative teb cov lus nug uas yog leej twg? los yog dab tsi? Cov ntaub ntawv genitive teb cov lus nug ntawm leej twg? los yog dab tsi?
- Nyob hauv lawv. n. -a nrog luag. pem hauv ntej ntawm nws: nkoj - nkoj, tub sab - tub sab, pas dej - pas dej, caij ski - caij ski, huab - huab (tsis muaj b).
- Nyob hauv lawv. -a, -Kuv tsis yog tom qab nws hais: waffle - waffles, khau - khau, blast furnace - domain, poker - poker, nany - nany, qws - qws, kab tshoob - kab tshoob, lus xaiv - lus xaiv, ntawv - ntawv, vaj tse - vaj tse.
- Nyob hauv lawv. case - ia: lus qhuab qhia - qhuab qhia, tub rog - tub rog, parody - parodies, lub xeem - xeem, excursion - excursions.
- Nyob hauv lawv. p. - ya los yog -ya: rook - rook, article - articles, skittle - skittles. Tab sis: cov neeg hu nkauj, jumpers, bustlers, siab phem, dab, fritters.
- Nyob hauv lawv. p. - nya: cherry - cherries, chav pw - chav pw, tswb pej thuam - tswb pej thuam (ntawm no tsis muaj ib tug mos kos npe); Zos - zos, chav ua noj - chav ua noj, tsob txiv ntoo - txiv apples (ntawm no nrog ib daim ntawv muag muag).
- Nyob hauv lawv. p. - b: niam - niam, ntxhais - ntxhais, phau ntawv - phau ntawv, hmo ntuj - hmo ntuj, cheeb tsam - squares, txaj - txaj, pob txha - pob txha, lash - lashes, txaj - txaj, qhov cub - qhov cub (kawg - nws).
Nouns in sets. neuter genitive
Nyob rau hauv cov npe no, daim ntawv genitive kuj feem ntau nrog xoom xaus, tab sis kuj muaj inflections -ev, -ov.
- Nyob hauv lawv. p. -o: windows -qhov rais, sieve - sieve, daim iav - iav, nkoj - nkoj; zos - zos, oar - oars; Kua - apples Tab sis: awl - shilev, hauv qab - bottoms, ntsej muag - ntsej muag (end -ev, -ov).
- Nyob hauv lawv. p. -e: teb - teb, saucer - saucer, phuam - phuam.
- Nyob hauv lawv. n. -s, -e: zes - zes, conquest - conquests, zaub mov - tais diav, ntug hiav txwv dej - coasts, tshuaj - tshuaj, av - av. Tab sis: tiab - hnav ris tsho, qhov ncauj - qhov ncauj, qis nce mus txog - qis nce mus txog (xaus -ev).
Nyob hauv lawv. p.y: phom. Tab sis: luam, scum
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv neej plural nouns thiab nouns uas tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau. h
Cov lus hais txiv neej tsim ntau hom lus zoo uas tsis ua raws li kev cai. Kom yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem faib lawv los ntawm qhov xaus thiab siv lub rooj rau qhov no:
| genitive case teb cov lus nug ntawm leej twg? los yog dab tsi? | ||
| zero | -nws | –s, -ev |
| neeg | ||
| tsis muaj neeg Askiv, Bulgarians, Ossetians, Moldovans, Mohicans, Mordvins, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens, Slavs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, pej xeem, foremen, tub rog, partisans, gypsies, | tsis muaj neeg Latvians, txiv ntxawm, neeg nyob, vaj, vaj, vaj, vaj, huab tais, tub, tub | tsis muaj tsav tsheb, cov tub ntxhais hluas, Lithuanians, Estonians, ntse heev, Bedouins, Bushmen, Tajiks, Svans, Karelians,Sarmatians, Karelians, Tungus, Uzbeks, Kalmyks, midshipmen, Bedouins, Kirghiz, Yakuts, sappers, miners, hussars, dragoons, ulans, apprentices |
| nrog lub ntsiab lus sib sau - pab tub rog ntawm hussars, ib pab tub rog ntawm dragoons, kaum os lancers; Tuam txhab grenadier, cadet detachment | ||
| khoom | ||
| stocking, khau khiab, muaj khau rau, oporok, pluaj pluaj, | pab, cag | hauv paus, bots, thom khwm, tsom iav, nplooj, nplooj, ci, cov saw tseem ceeb, |
| ntsuas ntsuas | ||
| 100 volts, arshin, x-ray, hertz, ohm, kopecks, 5 carats | xya ntu, 100 rubles | 10 grams, kilograms, centners, acres, hectares, nti, litres meters, millimeters, centimeters, phaus, phaus, taw, yards, dinars, duas, tugris, sterling |
| khoom npe | ||
| no pasta | ntau ntau apricots, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv lws suav, txiv lws suav, bananas, eggplants, lemons, tangerines, | |
Nouns uas muaj tib ntau ntau daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive kuj txawv thiab tsis muaj ib txoj cai tshwj xeeb.
| genitive case teb cov lus nug ntawm leej twg? los yog dab tsi? | ||
| zero xaus | end -her | end -ov, -ev |
| tsis muaj moccasins, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, ob peb txiab, tsis muajleggings, tsaus ntuj nti, tsis muaj pantaloons, tsaus ntuj, dhia tawm stilts, tsis bloomers. | pib lub neej txhua hnub, ntau rakes, ob peb taws, tsis muaj chaw zov me nyuam. | 1 Tsis muaj frills, tsis muaj frill, tsis muaj clips, tsis muaj khaub ncaws, txaj muag ntawm khaub hlab, tsis muaj tus hneev, tsis muaj scum; |
Cov lus qhia dav dav thiab koom nrog
Adjectives thiab participles kuj tsis kam raws li rooj plaub thiab muaj xaus nyob ntawm cov lus nug uas muab tso rau lawv los ntawm lub npe.
Yog tias peb txiav txim siab tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov lus nug muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Dab tsi? - tus txiv. thiab avg. zoo
- Koj yog tus twg? - poj niam. zoo
Piv txwv:
- kaj ntug (dab tsi?) scarlet, yav tsaus ntuj - xaus -she, -oh;
- hiav txwv (dab tsi?) tob, sparkling - xaus -th, -his;
- nkoj (dab tsi?) loj, sailing - xaus -th, -nws.
Cov lus nug ntau ntau ntau yog raug tsa rau cov npe thiab cov koom nrog:
- dab tsi?
- ua dab tsi?
- leej twg ua dab tsi?
Piv txwv:
Sails (dab tsi?) dawb, (lawv ua dab tsi?) tig dawb, (lawv ua dab tsi?) qhib.
