Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog kev tsim hluav taws xob. Nws yog qhov kev tshawb pom no uas pab txhim kho peb txoj kev vam meej mus txog niaj hnub no. Hluav taws xob yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws. Leej twg yog tus tswv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim no? Cov hluav taws xob tsim thiab siv li cas? Puas muaj peev xwm tsim ib lub cell ntawm galvanic ntawm kuv tus kheej?
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob luv luv
Hluav taws xob tau tshawb pom rov qab rau xyoo pua 7 BC los ntawm Greek kws tshawb fawb Thales. Nws pom tias amber rubbed nrog ntaub plaub tuaj yeem nyiam cov khoom me me.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim loj loj nrog hluav taws xob pib thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv 1650, tus kav nroog ntawm Magdeburg von Guericke ua ib qho kev teeb tsa electrostatic. Xyoo 1729, Stephen Grey tau teeb tsa qhov kev sim ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob hla qhov deb. Xyoo 1747, Benjamin Franklin tau luam tawm ib tsab ntawv uas sau tag nrho cov paub tseeb txog hluav taws xob.thiab muab cov kev xav tshiab. Coulomb txoj cai raug tshawb pom hauv 1785.
1800 yog qhov hloov pauv: Italian Volt tsim thawj qhov chaw ncaj qha tam sim no. Xyoo 1820, tus kws tshawb fawb Danish Oersted tau tshawb pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus ntawm cov khoom. Ib xyoos tom qab, Ampere pom tias cov hlau nplaum yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, tab sis tsis yog los ntawm cov nqi zoo li qub.
Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li Gauss, Joule, Lenz, Ohm ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Xyoo 1830 kuj tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb, vim Gauss tau tsim txoj kev xav ntawm electrostatic teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev muaj zog khiav ntawm tam sim no belongs rau Michael Faraday.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kev sim nrog hluav taws xob tau ua los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog Pierre Curie, Lachinov, Hertz, Thomson, Rutherford. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txoj kev xav ntawm quantum electrodynamics tau tshwm sim.
Hluav taws xob hauv xwm
Kev tshawb pom thiab tsim hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, yav tas los ntseeg tias nws tsuas yog tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Tab sis Asmeskas Franklin pom tias qhov tshwm sim zoo li xob laim muaj qhov hluav taws xob nkaus xwb. Tau ntev, nws txoj kev xav tau tsis lees paub los ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb.
Hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias ua tsaug rau xob laim tawm, kev sib txuas ntawm cov amino acids tau ua tiav, vim tias lub neej tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Yog tsis muaj paj hlwb impulses, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm txhua tus tsiaj yog ua tsis tau. Muaj ntau hom kab mob marine uas sivhluav taws xob raws li kev tiv thaiv, kev tawm tsam, kev taw qhia hauv qhov chaw thiab nrhiav zaub mov.
Tau hluav taws xob
Kev tsim hluav taws xob tau cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau tsim los tsim hluav taws xob. Hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim tam sim no yog hloov txhua lub zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Cov nroj tsuag fais fab tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- atomic;
- xov;
- hydropower;
- tidally txawv;
- sunny;
- thermal.
siv hluav taws xob
Kev tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias tsis muaj nws lub neej niaj hnub ua tsis tau. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev thiab siv rau kev teeb pom kev zoo, kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv, kev ua noj, cua sov, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, hluav taws xob xav tau rau kev txav ntawm trams, trolleybuses, metro, hluav taws xob tsheb ciav hlau. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, xov tooj ntawm tes kuj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
kev xav paub
Nws hloov tawm tias galvanic cell tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej, thiab qhov no ua tiav yooj yim heev. Txoj kev no tau los ua nto moo thaum xyoo pua 20th.
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum txiav cov txiv qaub nyob rau hauv ib nrab nrog ib rab riam ntse txaus nyob nruab nrab. Nws yog heev undesirable tshem tawm los yog tsim kua muagpartitions ntawm lub lobules. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum sib txuas ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau, txog 2 centimeters loj, rau txhua daim. Cov hlwb yuav tsum hloov cov tooj liab thiab zinc hlau. Tom qab ntawd qhov kawg ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov xov hlau ntawm ib txoj kab me me. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog hluav taws xob. Yuav kuaj xyuas seb nws ua haujlwm li cas? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov voltage nrog lub voltmeter.
Ib qho kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm yog kev tsim hluav taws xob. Hnub qhib tsis paub meej. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshawb fawb Greek thaum ub Thales pib ua kev sim. Kev tshawb fawb txog hluav taws xob tau pib hauv Renaissance. Yog tsis muaj nws, kev ua ntawm ib yam kab mob uas muaj sia nyob yog tsis yooj yim sua. Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj qhov kev tsim kho no, peb xyaum tsis tuaj yeem xav txog peb lub neej. Tib neeg tau kawm ntev los lawm kom tau txais, xa thiab siv hluav taws xob.
