Raws li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv niaj hnub no, muaj 3 qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov lus Askiv. Thawj degree yog qhov zoo. Nws yog tus qauv daim ntawv ntawm lub adjective. Nws tsis muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev sib piv thiab qhia tsuas yog lub xeev zoo ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom. Los ntawm daim ntawv no, qhov seem ob qib yog tsim: sib piv thiab superlative. Yog tias peb muab ob yam khoom sib piv nrog rau ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo, ces peb siv qhov kev sib piv. Thaum peb xav kom lub siab xav tawm ib yam khoom los ntawm ib pawg ntawm peb lossis ntau dua, peb txhais cov lus qhia mus rau qib siab tshaj.
Feem ntau, cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov grammatical qeb hauv lus Askiv tsis txawv ntau los ntawm kev tsim cov degree ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov lus hauv German. Koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov lus tshwj xeeb -er thiab -est rau lub qia ntawm daim ntawv zoo, lossis muab ntau thiab feem ntau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Yog li peb tau txais kev sib piv thiab superlative degrees. Ntxiv mus, qhov kawg ib txwm yuav tsum tau siv cov kab lustus. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv ib lo lus ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau txoj kev ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjectives yog tsim. Lus Askiv, nrog rau lwm yam, tsis tas yuav tso cai rau lub xub ntiag ntawm pawg grammatical no. Nws tsuas yog siv rau cov npe zoo. Ntawd yog, cov lus uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev piav qhia.
Txhua cov lus qhia monosyllabic yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv -er thiab -est rau lub qia ntawm daim ntawv zoo: nplua nuj - nplua nuj - nplua nuj tshaj. Ob lub suab lus xaus rau hauv -ow, -le, -y, -er kuj feem ntau tsim qib nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb: kev sib tw - kev sib tw - kev sib tw. Thaum tsim cov qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjectives nyob rau hauv txoj kev saum toj no, ib co spelling nuances yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lawv muaj raws li nram no.
1. Yog hais tias lub adjective xaus nrog ib tug consonant thiab yog preceded los ntawm ib tug stressed vowel, ces tus consonant yog doubled: ntub - ntub - lub wettest.
2. Yog hais tias tus adjective xaus nrog unstressed -e, ces tus vowel no poob tawm ua ntej lub suffix: close - closer - the closest.
3. Yog hais tias lub adjective xaus rau -y thiab tus consonant ua ntej nws, ces -y hloov mus rau -i: lucky - luckier - lub luckiest. Yog hais tias muaj ib tug vowel ua ntej -y, ces qhov transformation tsis tshwm sim.
Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom nco qab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov qib kev sib piv ntawm cov npe uas muaj peb lossis ntau lub suab, nrog rau cov uas tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg koom. Daim ntawv zoo tsuas yog ua ntej los ntawm ntau thiab feem ntau. Ceslub adjective tau txais qhov tsim nyog degree ntawm kev sib piv yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub qia: txaus ntshai - txaus ntshai - txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, dhuav - ntau dhuav - qhov tho txawv tshaj plaws. Ob-syllable adjectives xaus rau -al, -ish, -ant, -ive, -ent, -less, -ic, -ful, -ous daim ntawv degrees nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev: tragic - ntau tragic - lub feem ntau tragic.
Tseem muaj ib pab pawg ntawm cov lus tsis raug cai hauv cov lus Askiv, uas, thaum tsim cov qib kev sib piv, tsis txhob ua raws li feem ntau lees txais cov qauv sau ntawv thiab hloov tag nrho lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv zoo.
Pos |
zoo (zoo) | ntxhais | bad (ill) | far | old | |
Sib piv |
zoo dua | tsawg | mob siab | farther (ntxiv) | ntau | laus (laus) |
| zoo tshaj | tsawg kawg | qhov phem tshaj | farthest (furthest) | muas | oldest (tus hlob) |
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, tsis yog txhua tus lus Askiv muaj peev xwm tsim cov qib sib piv. Cov no suav nrog:
- tag nrhotxheeb ze adjective (ntoo, European, niaj hnub, kev npaj);
- adjectives uas ib zaug tau qiv los ntawm Latin thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib piv lossis kev ua tau zoo (yav dhau los, sab hauv, sab saud, zoo, proximal);
- zoo meej adjectives, lub ntsiab lus ntawm uas yooj yim tsis pub sib piv (tuag, nruab nrab, hauv paus ntsiab lus, yav dhau los);
- zoo adjectives tsim nrog tsis zoo prefixes nyob rau hauv- thiab un- thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus (incurable, inconvenient, unsuitable);
- zoo adjectives, lub ntsiab lus uas muaj ib tug connotation ntawm kev sib piv. Feem ntau lawv xaus rau hauv cov lus -ish (redish, blueish).
