Yuav nyuaj npaum li tus neeg ntawd tsis tau ntsib ntoo hlawv hauv nws lub neej. Ntau tus neeg tsawg kawg ib zaug tau mus taug kev uas tsis tiav yam tsis tau ua hluav taws. Qee tus muaj kev paub dhau los hauv tsev kindling thiab da dej qhov cub. Cov neeg feem coob tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv lawv lub neej sim hlawv ntoo nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lossis iav tsom iav.
Tab sis tsis muaj coob tus neeg xav paub txog qhov kub ntawm ntoo tuaj yeem kub hnyiab tau. Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov ntoo sib txawv? Tus nyeem ntawv muaj lub sijhawm zoo los qhia txog cov teeb meem no thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau.
Tus txiv neej tau tua hluav taws li cas?
Hluav taws tau paub rau cov neeg uas nyob hauv Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb. Tib neeg yeej tsis muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws rau lawv tus kheej. Thawj tus neeg paub txog tus txheej txheemcombustion, raws li kws tshawb fawb, tau tshwm sim empirically. Hluav taws, muab rho tawm los ntawm hluav taws hav zoov lossis yeej los ntawm ib pawg neeg nyob sib ze, raug saib xyuas raws li cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws uas tib neeg muaj.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, tib neeg pom tias qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom kub kub tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, cov nyom qhuav los yog moss tuaj yeem ignited nrog ob peb sparks.
Tom qab ntau xyoo, rov pom dua, tib neeg tau kawm kom rho tawm hluav taws siv txhais tau tias tsis tsim nyog. Cov keeb kwm hu ua thawj "sib zog" ntawm ib tug neeg tinder thiab flint, uas, thaum lawv tsoo ib leeg, muab sparks. Tom qab ntawd, noob neej tau kawm rho tawm hluav taws nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug twig muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb recess nyob rau hauv ntoo. Lub ignition kub ntawm tsob ntoo yog tiav los ntawm intensive kev sib hloov ntawm qhov kawg ntawm twig nyob rau hauv lub recess. Ntau lub zej zog Orthodox tseem niaj hnub siv cov txheej txheem no.
Ntau tom qab, xyoo 1805, tus kws tshuaj Fabkis txoj Jean Chancel tau tsim thawj qhov sib tw. Qhov kev tsim kho tau txais kev faib tawm loj heev, thiab ib tus neeg tuaj yeem tso siab rau rho tawm hluav taws yog tias tsim nyog.
Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej. Ntxiv mus, combustion yuav nyob twj ywm li qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Cov txheej txheem combustion yog dab tsi?
Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog txheej txheem ntawm physics thiab chemistry, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm ib yam khoom rau hauv cov khoom seem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog thermal raug tso tawm ntau heev. Cov txheej txheem combustion feem ntau yognrog rau lub emission ntawm lub teeb, uas yog hu ua nplaim taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm combustion, carbon dioxide raug tso tawm - CO 2, ntau tshaj ntawm cov uas nyob rau hauv ib chav unventilated yuav ua rau mob taub hau, ua tsis taus pa thiab txawm tuag.
Rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li tus lej ntawm cov xwm txheej.
Ua ntej, combustion yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm huab cua. Hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, ignition tsis yooj yim sua.
Thib ob, yog tias thaj chaw uas muaj kev sib tsoo tshwm sim tsis yog cua sov rau qhov kub ntawm cov khoom, ces cov txheej txheem combustion yuav tsum nres. Piv txwv li, cov nplaim taws yuav tawm mus yog tias lub cav loj tam sim ntawd muab pov rau hauv qhov cub tshiab, tsis txhob cia nws sov rau ntawm ntoo me.
Thib peb, yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas yog ntub thiab tawm cov kua vapors, thiab qhov kub kub tseem qis, cov txheej txheem tseem yuav nres.
Hnub kub li cas ntoo ignite?
Pyrolysis - txheej txheem ntawm decomposition ntawm ntoo ntawm kub kub rau hauv CO 2 thiab combustion residues - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb theem.
pib khiav ntawm 160-260 degrees. Kev hloov pauv tsis tau pib tshwm sim hauv tsob ntoo, xaus rau hauv hluav taws. Qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm ntoo hloov ntawm 200-250 degrees.
theem ob ntawm pyrolysis yog 270-430 degrees. Lub decomposition ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv lub siab kub pib.
Theem peb yog ib qho rau cov hluav taws kub, lub qhov cub melted. Lub ignition kub ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv Celsius nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem yog 440-610 degrees. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, nws yuav teebntoo yog nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam thiab yuav tawm tom qab charcoal.
Ntau hom ntoo muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov ntoo thuv - tsob ntoo uas tsis yog qhov kub tshaj plaws - yog 250 degrees. Oak yuav ntes hluav taws ntawm 235 degrees.
Yuav hlawv twg zoo dua thiab qhov twg kub hnyiab?
Cov ntoo qhuav hlawv zoo tshaj plaws. Ntoo saturated nrog noo noo kuj kub hnyiab, tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab qee lub sij hawm tshem tawm thiab evaporate noo noo. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog nrog los ntawm tus yam ntxwv hiss. Tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub tias thaum ntoo nyoos hlawv, acetic acid raug tso tawm. Qhov tseeb no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab rau tag nrho cov kev ua kom combustion efficiency. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov taws kub hnyiab, nrog rau yuav cov taws kub rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav kom nws muaj sijhawm kom qhuav ua ntej pib huab cua txias.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab combustion efficiency?
Kev sib xyaw ua kom zoo yog qhov ntsuas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog thermal, uas tsis "yav mus rau hauv qhov chimney", tab sis raug xa mus rau lub qhov cub, ua kom sov. Qhov ntsuas no cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim. Cov kab nrib pleb, tawg, tshauv ntau dhau, lub qhov cub qias neeg thiab lwm yam teeb meem ua rau combustion tsis zoo.
Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb yog qhov ntom ntawm tsob ntoo. Oak, tshauv, pear, larch thiab birch muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - spruce, aspen, ntoo thuv, linden. Qhov ceev dua, qhov ntev ntawm cov ntoo yuav hlawv, thiab yog li ntawd nws yuav tso cua sov ntev dua.
Cov lus qhia rau cov ntoo ntoo
Daim ntoo loj tsis txhob tam sim ntawdyuav taws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tua hluav taws, pib nrog cov ceg me me. Lawv yuav muab cov coals uas yuav muab qhov ntsuas kub uas tsim nyog rau ignite cov ntoo uas thauj mus rau hauv qhov cub hauv qhov loj dua.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv barbecue, tsis pom zoo, vim lawv tso cov tshuaj phem rau tib neeg thaum hlawv. Kev sib zog ntau dhau rau hauv lub qhov cub kaw tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.
Puas muaj hluav taws tshwm sim hauv da dej ntawm huab cua kub?
Nws yog theoretical ua tau, tab sis xyaum ua tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav spontaneous combustion ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv da dej pib, huab cua kub yuav tsum yog hais txog 200 degrees. Tsis yog da dej ib leeg muaj peev xwm ua tau li no, thiab ntau ntxiv, tsis yog tib neeg.
Cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv lub sauna yog los ntawm Swede, uas nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 110 degrees tuaj yeem tuav tau 17 feeb. Rau ntau tus neeg, qhov kub ntawm 90 degrees yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Nrog xws li cua sov ntawm huab cua, lub load ntawm lub plawv nce sharply thiab muaj sij hawm mus faint.
Nws tseem pom zoo kom tsis txhob tawm hauv da dej lossis sauna kom sov siab tshaj 100 degrees rau lub sijhawm ntev vim muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Txawm hais tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ntoo pib ntawm 200 degrees, nws yeej tsis mob kom ceev faj.
Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tua hluav taws
Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub, tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav yog ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Ua tiav ob peb yam xwm txheej thiabtiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab lwm tus los ntawm hluav taws.
1. Kev txwv tsis pub ua hluav taws hauv hav zoov thaum lub caij ntuj sov tau qhia txog vim li cas. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov muaj feem ntawm hav zoov hauv pem teb igniting thiab sai sai kis hluav taws ntau dua li lwm lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo.
2. Thaum ua hluav taws hauv qhov xwm txheej, nco ntsoov khawb qhov hluav taws me me, tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm turf nrog rab chais. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, xav kom rov qab los rau nws qhov chaw.
3. Txhawm rau kom muaj qhov hluav taws kub, nws raug nquahu kom ncig qhov hluav taws kub nrog lub laj kab pob zeb lossis cib.
4. Yuav tsum muaj ib tus neeg tua hluav taws nyob hauv kev taug kev deb: lub tshuab tua hluav taws, xuab zeb lossis lub thawv dej.
5. Thaum tua hluav taws, xyuas kom tag nrho cov coals tua kom cov hluav taws tsis rov qab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom sau lub lauj kaub nrog dej kom ntau, nphoo nrog lub ntiaj teb saum toj lossis nteg nrog turf.
6. Tsis txhob cia menyuam nyob ib leeg nrog qhov hluav taws kub. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
7. Thaum siv lub qhov cub lossis qhov cub, tsis txhob khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub firebox. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ib lub hauv pem teb npog ntawm ib sab ntawm lub firebox uas tsis yog-combustible (steel sheet).
8. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj lub qhov cub kom zoo: kaw tag nrho cov qhov khoob hauv lub sijhawm, tshem tawm cov tshauv ib ntus.
9. Lub hauv paus rau lub qhov cub yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm cib. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv ntoo scaffolds rau lub hom phiaj no. Qhov no yog fraught nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.
10. Lub chimney nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab yuav tsum tau insulatedcov khoom uas tsis yog-combustible, tsis txhob khaws cov ntaub ntawv flammable nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab.
11. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kaw lub cub tawg damper yam tsis tau paub tseeb tias cov txheej txheem combustion nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg tau nres. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem ua tsis taus pa los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau dhau.
