Lyric paj huam tsom xam npaj rau qib 7-11. Analysis ntawm ib tug lyric paj huam los ntawm Pushkin

Cov txheej txheem:

Lyric paj huam tsom xam npaj rau qib 7-11. Analysis ntawm ib tug lyric paj huam los ntawm Pushkin
Lyric paj huam tsom xam npaj rau qib 7-11. Analysis ntawm ib tug lyric paj huam los ntawm Pushkin
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv feem ntau hais kom cov me nyuam kos ib lub tswv yim rau kev tsom xam ntawm ib tug lyrical paj huam thiab sau, raws li nws, ib tug ntxaws tsom xam ntawm ib tug tej hauj lwm. Tus tub kawm yuav tsum ua li cas rau qhov no? Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas yuav tau saib xyuas? Cia peb teb cov lus nug no ua ke thiab ua raws li peb tau hais ua ntej hauv kev xav.

Ua tib zoo mloog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus tsim

Vim tias paj huam yog kev tsim tawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub siab xav, kev xav, kev xav ntawm tus sau, kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm paj huam tsis tuaj yeem xeeb yog tsis suav nrog cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm tus sau thaum tsim txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev npaj tsom xam rau zaj paj huam (qib 11 thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov lus tseeb tsuas yog nrog cov lus qhia uas lawv yuav xub raug rau qhov kev xav tsis zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis yog txhua yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ncaj qha rau ib zaj paj huam.

Feem ntau yog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm kev tawm tswv yimsuav nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus sau tus kheej lub neej (qhov xwm txheej thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv tau tshwm sim hauv nws tsev neeg, nrog cov neeg hlub, phooj ywg, phooj ywg, kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws (kev sib txuas ntawm cov paj huam nrog lub era yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm tig cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev, piv txwv li, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv motives yog dav nyob rau hauv lub lyrics ntawm cov paj huam ntawm lub hnub nyoog Silver, uas nws ntau yog lub rooj sib tham nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus. lub cev thiab kev yug me nyuam, hais los ntawm cov ntshav thiab nplaim taws, ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab).

lyrical paj huam phiaj xwm
lyrical paj huam phiaj xwm

hom qeb thiab hom ntawv yog tus kheej

Ntxiv mus, txoj kev npaj ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm ib zaj paj huam yuav tsum tau lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib zaj paj huam raws li ib tug hauj lwm ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Rau cov nkauj, uas, nrog rau ua yeeb yam thiab epic, yog ib qho ntawm 3 hom ntawv nyeem, cov hauv qab no yog cov yam ntxwv:

  • Ode yog ib txoj haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus, qhuas txog kev ua paj huam, uas yog ib txwm sau ua tus qauv siab nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv thiab tau mob siab rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
  • Ib zaj nkauj yog ib zaj nkauj me me ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, uas yog tsim los thuam ib tus neeg.
  • Madrigal yog ib qho kev tso dag lossis nyiam suab paj nruag thiab paj huam, kuj me me.
  • Romance yog me me poetic creation, uas, vim nws melodiousness, yuav superimposed rau suab paj nruag; Kev lig kev cai, kev sib hlub qhia txog kev xav, kev xav thiab kev paub ntawm tus phab ej.
  • Elegy - paj huam, yam ntxwv style ntauas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev xav txog kev tu siab. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus, elegies feem ntau yog philosophical tob, imbued nrog kev tu siab, poob siab, doom.
  • A sonnet yog ib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj uas txawv ntawm lwm hom "cov kwv tij" hauv qee qhov kev tsim kho thiab pom zoo cov cai thiab cov cai. Yog li, Italian sonnet ib txwm muaj 14 kab (nqe): 2 quatrains (quatrains) + 2 peb-kab (tercet). Lus Askiv sonnet suav nrog 3 quatrains thiab zaum kawg couplet.
  • Ib tsab epitaph yog ib lo lus luv luv uas feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv nqe lus thaum tuag thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov ntxa ua ib qho kev nco txog.
  • Xov - tsab ntawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas hais rau ib tus neeg lossis pab pawg neeg tau txais. Hom ntawv muaj subspecies thiab muab faib ua cov lus ntawm kev hlub, satirical, phooj ywg, lyrical thiab lwm yam.
  • Ib zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv uas tsim los ntawm vajtswv, tus phab ej, yeej, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg. Thawj cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom ntawv yog qhov kev thov, epiclesis (lub npe dawb huv) thiab aretalogia (ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm epic genus). Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm hom yog Gaudeamus, cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb anthem.
  • Ib zaj nkauj yog ib qho haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas ua haujlwm los ua lub hauv paus rau kev npaj suab paj nruag tom ntej thiab, hauv nws daim ntawv ib txwm muaj, muaj ntau nqe lus thiab rov hais dua.
  • Nkauj paj huam zoo yog ib zaj paj huam me me uas yog tsim los ntawm tus sau rau nws tus kheej los yog sawv cev ntawmzaj dab neeg lyric hero. Nws yog rau hom ntawv no uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv qee zaum xav tau ib txoj kev tsom xam. Yeej tsis muaj zaj paj huam (qib 9 thiab feem ntau, cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem siab paub qhov no) hauv tsev kawm theem qis. Qhov no yog ib hom ntawv uas cov kws sau ntawv piav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xav, kev xav, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tib neeg lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tsev kawm ntawv theem siab thiab yog tsim los rau cov neeg paub tab thiab txawj xav.
Analysis ntawm Pushkin's lyric paj huam
Analysis ntawm Pushkin's lyric paj huam

Puas yog txoj kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam xaus nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom ntawv? Tau kawg tsis! Peb tuaj yeem hais tias peb tseem tab tom pib taug kev!

Tshwj xeeb

Cov ntsiab lus "lub ntsiab lus" thiab "lub tswv yim" feem ntau nyuaj rau kev nkag siab tsis yog los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg laus, rau cov neeg uas philology tsis yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub neej. Yuav kom tsim tau yam tsawg kawg yog ib txoj kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam (qib 8 thiab zoo sib xws), ib tug yuav tsum to taub hais tias lub ntsiab lus muaj ib tug ntau general, abstract, ntiaj teb no lub ntsiab lus thiab teb cov nqe lus nug: "Qhov no paj huam hais txog dab tsi?". Nws tuaj yeem hais txog kev hlub (kev hlub lyrics), hais txog kev phooj ywg, hais txog kev xav, hais txog xwm (tuab neeg), hais txog qhov chaw ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv zej zog, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lees txim, thiab lwm yam.

Idea

Lub tswv yim yog qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub ncauj lus thiab hauv nws cov ntsiab lus nws tsis yog tib neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb dua, tseem ceeb, kev coj ua. Txoj kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam tsis tuaj yeem suav tias ua tiav yog tias tus nyeem tsis nkag siab lub tswv yim. Txhawm rau ua tiav koj lub hom phiaj, koj tuaj yeem tig mus rau cov lus nug pab:

  1. Vim li cas, vim li cas tus sautsim tej yam zoo li no? Nws xav qhia dab tsi rau cov nyeem, qhia rau nws, hais dab tsi?
  2. Tus neeg yuav kawm li cas los ntawm kev nyeem cov paj huam no?
tsom xam npaj rau ib tug lyric paj huam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv
tsom xam npaj rau ib tug lyric paj huam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv tib seem, txoj kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam muab rau kev tsom xam ntawm lub npe los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm qhov pib tsim ntawm kev cia siab, kev xav, tsim ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws vector rau kev txhim kho cov ntsiab lus. Lub npe puas qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam? Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no, tab sis qhov no nyob deb ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua. Feem ntau, cov kws sau ntawv siv rau txoj kev dag ntxias, kev tawm tsam (antithesis) ntawm lub npe thiab cov ntsiab lus sab hauv ntawm nqe. Tus sau tau ua txhua yam no kom meej meej, uas txhais tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib xyuas hauv kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov ntsiab lus semantic kuj tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm kev qhib cov channel ntawm kev xaav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tsuas yog teb ob peb nqe lus nug:

  • paj huam tso cai rau koj pom, hnov, hnov?
  • kev koom tes thiab kev xav dab tsi tshwm sim?
  • lub siab xav ua li cas?
  • Yuav ua li cas, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov peculiarities ntawm cov lus tsim thiab kev siv cov tropes, tus sau puas ua tiav ib qho chaw?
lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 11
lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 11

Tom ntej, peb mus rau qhov kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntawm daim duab kos duab.

Form as a frame for content

Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam raws licov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub hav zoov ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas tus kws sau ntawv siv tej yam tswv yim, ib tug tej yam qauv, stanza, atherosclerosis thiab 'meter' - tag nrho cov no yog raws li ib tug kev npaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws qhov kev txav mus los ntawm kev sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, los yog kev faib ua semantic Cheebtsam (qee zaum linear, nplhaib, parallel, thiab lwm yam) thiab syntactic thiab strophic articulation.

Rhythm, los yog ib ntus rov hais dua ntawm homogeneous ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam, ntsuas qhov loj me (txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm sau ua iambic, trochee, anapaest, amphibrach, dactyl, sponde lossis pyrrhic), rhyme (nplua nuj lossis pluag, txiv neej lossis poj niam) thiab rhyme (hla, chav chav chav, girdle) - tag nrho cov no yog indispensable ntsiab ntawm kev tsom xam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub hom phiaj yog ib tug zoo auxiliary txoj kev npaj rau kev soj ntsuam ib lyric paj huam (qib 7 thiab tshaj) thiab, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug tag nrho kev ntsuam xyuas. ntawm txoj haujlwm nws tus kheej.

lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 9
lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 9

Kev tsom xam ntawm Pushkin's lyric paj huam: cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Yuav kom qhia tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj peev xwm yuav tsum zoo li cas, cia peb coj cov paj huam "Anchar", tsim los ntawm Alexander Sergeevich nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Cuaj Hli mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis 1928. Cia peb pib qhov kev tsom xam ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm uas tseem ceeb rau kev tsim.

Nws tau tsim tom qab rov qab los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam los ntawm kev khiav tawm hauv Mikhailovsky. Los ntawm qhov no, nws txoj kev cia siab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim dawb tau raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. ATKev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li cov dab neeg ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj lom Anchar ntoo, liam tias loj hlob ntawm cov kob ntawm Java. Qhov no yog ib zaj paj huam, tab sis muaj ib tug meej storyline ua rau nws hais txog cov lyrical-epic ib hom ntawv - ib tug ballad.

tsom xam npaj rau zaj paj huam Qib 7
tsom xam npaj rau zaj paj huam Qib 7

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam yuav tsum xav txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws muaj 2 ntu, uas suav nrog 5 thiab 4 stanzas. Nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm thawj ntu, tus nyeem ntawv dhau los ua tus saib xyuas ntawm daim duab tsis muaj sia nyob ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas yog "tus neeg phem txaus ntshai". Lub sij hawm zoo li nres ntawm no, thiab qhov chaw liab qab, thaj chaw khoob tau qhib thiab tuav tag nrho lub qab ntuj khwb. Hauv Ntu 2, peb txav mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm tib neeg kev sib raug zoo ntawm "tus tswv" thiab "tus qhev."

Daim ntawv hauv "Anchar" pab qhia qhov tseeb li cas?

Qhov loj ntawm zaj paj huam yog iambic tetrameter nrog pyrrhic, i.e. omission ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv ko taw. Yamb, Pushkin nyiam qhov loj me, tau txuam nrog tus kws sau paj huam nrog kev ywj pheej siab tshaj plaws hauv kev txheeb xyuas. Tias yog vim li cas ntawm no, nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm uas qhia txog kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim, qhov twg lub ntsiab ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab tyranny yog li ntawd kom meej meej tsa, lub 'meter' thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus, raws li nws tau, qhia rau cov neeg nyeem ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm. Pushkin's genius - qhov no yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qhov tseeb, nrov tawm tsam tawm tsam qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm ib tus neeg dhau ntawm lwm tus.

lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 8
lyrical paj huam tsom xam Plan Qib 8

Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm txoj haujlwm no ntsig txog pej xeem cov lus nrog koj tus kheej xav, polemics lossis kev pom zoo nrogtus sau txoj hauj lwm.

Pom zoo: