Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, yog ib tus lej loj tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th: biography, kev kawm, khoom plig

Cov txheej txheem:

Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, yog ib tus lej loj tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th: biography, kev kawm, khoom plig
Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, yog ib tus lej loj tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th: biography, kev kawm, khoom plig
Anonim

Kev txhim kho lej hauv peb lub tebchaws, thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb, yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe ntawm Sergei Lvovich Sobolev. Nws ua ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no thiab tso lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov lus qhia tshiab. Sergei Lvovich yog rightfully suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj mathematicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Peb yuav qhia txog nws lub neej thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv kab lus.

Biography

Sergey Lvovich Sobolev yug hauv St. Petersburg rau 1908-23-09. Nws txiv, Lev Aleksandrovich, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws lij choj thiab koom nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary zog. Niam, Natalya Georgievna, nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas kuj yog ib tug revolutionary thiab ib tug tswv cuab ntawm RSDLP. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais kev kawm kho mob thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Leningrad Medical Institute ua tus pab xibfwb. Sergei Lvovich poob nws txiv thaum ntxov, nws tau tsa los ntawm nws niam. Nws instilled nyob rau hauv nws tus tub tej yam xws li kev ncaj ncees, ncaj ncees thiab txiav txim siab.

Txij thaum yau, tus lej yav tom ntej tau txawv ntawm kev xav paub. Nws nyeem ntau, nyiam ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, sau paj huam thiab ntaus piano. Xyoo 1924 nws kawm tiavtsev kawm ntawv thiab xav mus kawm ntawv kho mob, tab sis lub sij hawm ntawd lawv tau txais mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum xya, thiab nws yog kaum rau. Yog li ntawd, tus tub hluas tau mus kawm hauv State Art Studio, chav kawm piano. Ib xyoo tom qab, nws nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej ntawm Leningrad State University thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txuas ntxiv mus kawm ntawm lub studio kos duab. Thaum kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau mloog cov xibfwb xws li Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov, Nikolai Maksimovich Gunther, Grigory Mikhailovich Fikhtengolts. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho Sobolev ua tus kws tshawb fawb.

Mathematician Sobolev
Mathematician Sobolev

Lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj haujlwm tsis txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas xav paub ntxiv lawm, thiab nws kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb. Undergraduate xyaum coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Leningrad cog "Elektrosila". Nyob ntawd, Sergei Lvovich daws nws thawj qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb - nws piav qhia tias yog vim li cas qhov zaus tshiab ntawm ntuj vibrations tshwm rau shafts nrog tsis txaus hla ntu symmetry.

Pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb

Xyoo 1929, Sobolev kawm tiav high school thiab tau ua haujlwm ntawm Seismological Institute ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, coj los ntawm Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov. Nws ua haujlwm hauv chav theoretical, qhov chaw uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tob. Ua ke nrog Smirnov, nws tsim ib txoj kev ntawm functionally invariant kev daws teeb meem thiab ces siv nws mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem dynamic nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav ntawm elasticity. Cov txheej txheem no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm elastic yoj propagation. Tsis tas li ntawd, Sergey Lvovich tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm Lamb nto moo thiab ua ib txoj kev xav nruj heev ntawm Rayleigh nto nthwv dej.

In 1932Sobolev pib ua hauj lwm ntawm Steklov Mathematical Institute (MIAN), nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm sib npaug sib npaug zos. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences rau kev ua tiav zoo hauv kev ua lej.

Sergey Lvovich Sobolev
Sergey Lvovich Sobolev

moscow lub sijhawm

Hauv xyoo 1934, ua ke nrog lub koom haum lej, Sergei Lvovich Sobolev tau tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog kev tsom xam ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov tswv yim uas tau npaj rau hauv cov haujlwm no tom qab ntawd tau los ua ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb thiab tau tsim kho ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus lej hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ntawm All-Union Congress nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Sobolev tau nthuav tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug, nyob rau hauv uas thawj zaug nws tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv nthuav dav lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm " generalized functions ". Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tus lej ua lej tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub generalized derivative, nws kawm thiab qhia tshiab functional chaw, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "Sobolev chaw". Cov txheej txheem thiab cov tswv yim ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev suav lej, kev sib npaug ntawm lej physics thiab qhov sib npaug sib txawv.

Xyoo 1939, thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb caug, Sergei Lvovich tau los ua tus tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Tau ntau xyoo nws tseem yog tus yau tshaj plaws Soviet kawm ntawv.

Academician ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR
Academician ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR

Tsov rog thiab tom qab tsov rog xyoo

Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Sobolev tau raug xaiv tsa tus thawj coj ntawm Steklov Mathematical Institute. tsev kawm ntawvtau khiav tawm mus rau Kazan, thiab txawm tias muaj xwm txheej nyuaj, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem npaj cov kev tshawb fawb siv rau ntawd. Nyob rau hauv 1943, MIAN raug xa rov qab mus rau Moscow, thiab Sergei Lvovich mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Kurchatov lub koom haum, qhov uas nws koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm atomic zog thiab lub atomic foob pob. Tsis ntev tom qab tus lej tau txais cov haujlwm ntawm thawj tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm.

In 1945-1948. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus secrecy, Sobolev, nrog rau lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, tsim lub teb chaws atomic shield. Nws tau ntsib nrog cov teeb meem kev ua lej uas yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau: nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xam, kwv yees thiab ua kom zoo tshaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas tsis tau kawm ua ntej. Vim muaj kev ua hauj lwm loj thiab txawv tshaj plaw intuition ntawm lej, Sergei Lvovich tswj los tiv thaiv kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug muab lub sij hawm. Raws li kev nco qab ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tus poj niam, lub sijhawm ntawd nws feem ntau mus ncig ua lag luam ntev thiab tsis nyob hauv tsev ntau lub hlis.

Daim ntawv qhia dav dav

Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Kurchatov lub koom haum, Sobolev tau npaj rau kev tshaj tawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej - phau ntawv hu ua "Qee Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Haujlwm hauv lej Physics". Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, Sergei L'vovich systematically expounded lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm qhov chaw, uas ua ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv shaping lub views ntawm niaj hnub mathematicians. Phau ntawv tau dhau los ua lub desktop rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus. Rov luam peb zaug hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab ob zaug hauv Asmeskas.

Sergey Lvovich
Sergey Lvovich

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev daws teeb meem dav dav thiabgeneralized derivative los ua lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas tau los ua lub npe hu ua "txoj kev xav ntawm Sobolev chaw."

Ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow State University

Hauv xyoo 1952, tus kws lej Soviet Aleksei Andreevich Lyapunov tau muab Sergei Lvovich ua haujlwm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Mechanics thiab lej ntawm Moscow State University ua tus xibfwb hauv Department of Computational Mathematics, tsim peb xyoos dhau los. Sobolev pom zoo thiab tsis ntev los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub department. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm no los ntawm 1952 txog 1958, thiab lub sijhawm no, nrog rau Lyapunov, nws tau ua pov thawj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cybernetics.

Xyoo 1955, tus kws tshaj lij tau pib tsim lub khoos phis tawj hauv chav haujlwm. Xibfwb Ivan Semyonovich Berezin tau tsa nws tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, lub chaw tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov haib tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws: nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, nws xam hwj chim tshaj kaum feem pua ntawm cov computers ntawm lub computer ces muaj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Tus kws tshawb fawb Sergei Lvovich Sobolev
Tus kws tshawb fawb Sergei Lvovich Sobolev

Siberian lub sijhawm

Nyob rau xyoo 1956, Sergei Lvovich Sobolev thiab ob peb lwm tus kws tshaj lij tau thov kev tsim cov chaw tshawb fawb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Ib xyoos tom qab, kev txiav txim siab tau tsim los tsim Lub Koom Haum Siberian ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences ua ib feem ntawm ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb, suav nrog Novosibirsk Institute of Mathematics. Sobolev tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum no. Nyob rau hauv 1958, nws tawm hauv Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Mechanics thiab lej ntawm Moscow State University thiab mus rau Novosibirsk. Rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi ua rau nws tawm mus rau Siberia, uas yog qhov tseem ceebThaum tus nkauj xwb scientific, Sergey Lvovich teb: "Lub siab xav pib ib yam dab tsi tshiab thiab ua neej nyob ob peb."

Nyob ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Kev Ua lej, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim nthuav tawm tag nrho cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm no hauv logistics, algebra, geometry, lej lej, theoretical cybernetics, kev tsom xam ua haujlwm thiab sib npaug sib txawv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, lub koom haum tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no, lub koom haum ntawm lej ntawm SB RAS dais lub npe ntawm Sobolev thiab yog lub koom haum tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia hauv kev ua lej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk, Sergei Lvovich pib kawm cubator qauv thiab tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev xav, tawm tswv yim tshiab radically mus kom ze rau cov zauv quadrature siv txoj kev ntawm generalized functions.

Nyob rau ntawm Novosibirsk lub koom haum ntawm Mathematics
Nyob rau ntawm Novosibirsk lub koom haum ntawm Mathematics

khoom plig thiab lub npe

Xyoo 1984, tus kws tshaj lij tau rov qab los rau lub peev thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm ntawm Steklov Institute. Nws yog ib tug xib fwb zoo heev thiab coj ib tug galaxy ntawm cov thwjtim. Lub ci ntsa iab ntawm pej xeem thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lej tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab nws txoj koob meej hauv peb lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb. Sobolev yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm American Mathematical Society thiab ntau lub ntiaj teb cov tsev kawm qib siab, yog ib tus tswv cuab txawv teb chaws ntawm Academies of Sciences hauv Fab Kis, Berlin, Rome.

Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau cim los ntawm ntau lub xeev khoom plig. Sergei Lvovich Sobolev tau txais xya Orders ntawm Lenin, Order of the Red Banner thiab Order of the October Revolution, Badge of Honor. Nws muaj lub npe Hero ntawm Socialist Labor. yogtus tswv ntawm Stalin Prizes thiab lub xeev nqi zog ntawm USSR. Xyoo 1977, Academy of Sciences of Czechoslovakia tau muab khoom plig rau tus kws qhia ntawv kub "Rau Kev Pabcuam rau Tib Neeg thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb." Xyoo 1988, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Lomonosov Gold Medal rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Sobolev muaj ib tsev neeg phooj ywg thiab loj: nws tus poj niam, Ariadna Dmitrievna, kws kho mob sciences, thiab xya tus menyuam, tsib ntawm lawv tau los ua tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Raws li tus ntxhais hlob ntawm tus lej Svetlana, nws txiv feem ntau nyeem Pushkin, Akhmatov, Mayakovsky, Blok, Pasternak rau nws cov menyuam. Nws yeej tsis tso siab rau nws cov ntxhais thiab cov tub, ib txwm pab nws tus poj niam, coj lub neej ua haujlwm siab. Tag nrho cov tsev neeg Sobolev mus taug kev hauv Caucasus thiab Crimea, thaum lub sij hawm uas Sergei Lvovich qhia cov me nyuam ntau txog tej yam ntuj tso thiab scientific phenomena. Svetlana nco qab tias thaum nws nyob rau qib tsib, nws txiv tau qhia nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thiab tus ntxhais to taub txhua yam hauv nws zaj dab neeg.

Memory

Sergey Lvovich Sobolev tuag hauv Moscow rau 1989-03-01 thaum muaj yim caum xyoo. So ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas ntawm lub peev.

Memorial plaque
Memorial plaque

Rau kev hwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, daim ntawv cim nco txog tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub tsev ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua lej hauv Novosibirsk. Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Novosibirsk State University tseem muaj npe tom qab nws.

Sobolev nqi zog thiab Scholarship tau tsim los rau NSU cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb hluas ntawm SB RAS. Cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb tau tuav hauv Novosibirsk thiab Moscow hauv kev nco txog lej.

Nyob rau xyoo 2008, lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog Siberia, mob siab rau rau centenary ntawmyug ntawm Sergei Lvovich. Txog rau pua daim ntawv thov raug xa mus rau kev koom tes hauv nws, thiab qhov tseeb plaub puas tus lej lej los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tuaj koom qhov kev tshwm sim.

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