Viruses tsis yog cellular life forms. Cov ntaub ntawv lub neej: tsis yog cellular thiab cellular

Cov txheej txheem:

Viruses tsis yog cellular life forms. Cov ntaub ntawv lub neej: tsis yog cellular thiab cellular
Viruses tsis yog cellular life forms. Cov ntaub ntawv lub neej: tsis yog cellular thiab cellular
Anonim

Txhua yam kab mob yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog cellular ntawm lub neej: kab mob thiab bacteriophages. Dab tsi ntawm cov qauv tso cai rau lawv los tuav lawv qhov tsim nyog niche ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus? Xav paub ntau ntxiv.

Viruses tsis yog cellular life forms

Lub npe ntawm cov kab mob no tau txhais los ntawm Greek li "tshuaj lom". Thiab qhov no tsis yog coincidence. Tsis muaj leej twg tau pom lawv ntawm qhov muag liab qab, tab sis yuav luag txhua tus tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lawv lub hwj chim. Tom qab tag nrho, cov tsos mob khaub thuas thaum lub caij ntuj no yog khob ntawm peb lub tsev yam tsis tau nug.

Cov kab mob no tsis yog-cellular life forms
Cov kab mob no tsis yog-cellular life forms

Tam sim no paub tias cov kab mob no tsis yog cellular lub neej. Lub biology ntawm cov kab mob no tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej rau ntau centuries. Thiab tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Lavxias teb sab physiologist Dmitry Iosifovich Ivanovsky tau ua pov thawj tias cov kab mob yog cov kab mob ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas ib tsob nroj luam yeeb uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb mosaic. Nws pom tias yog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj kab mob nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev noj qab haus huv,ces nws yuav swb.

Tus qauv ntawm cov kab mob

Vim li cas cov kab mob tsis yog cellular lub neej? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: lawv lub cev tsis yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb. Nws yog ib qho nucleic acid molecule ncig los ntawm lub tsho tiv no protein hu ua capsid. Paub qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob.

non-cellular life forms viruses
non-cellular life forms viruses

Nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, cov ntawv tsis yog cellular - cov kab mob - tau muab faib ua qhov yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Lub qub muaj ib tug classical qauv ntawm nucleic acids thiab proteins. Thiab tom kawg, thaum sib dhos, ntxiv ib feem ntawm cov plasma membrane. Nws ua raws li lub plhaub tiv thaiv ntxiv.

Vim li cas lawv ciaj sia?

Yog li, cov kab mob yog cov kab mob uas tsis yog cellular, lawv tsis muaj daim nyias nyias thiab cov organelles - cov qauv cellular ruaj khov uas ua tau qee yam haujlwm. Lawv muab faib ua cov kab mob li cas? Lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm kev yug me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau sab nraud ntawm tus tswv tsev, lawv tsis pom muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj sia nyob. Thaum tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv lub cell, nws pib synthesize nws cov proteins. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm lub cev cov protein molecules pib.

Viral proteins ua raws li enzymes - biologically active tshuaj. Lawv ceev cov kev tsim tawm ntawm nucleic acids. Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws nce, thiab tus kheej cov txheej txheem synthesis nres. Yog li ntawd, lub cev yuav mob, vim hais tias tus kab mob no xav tau lub zog thiab cov organic tshuaj los ntawm lub party cell pib txheej txheem ntawm kev yug me nyuam.

vim li cas cov kab mob no tsis yog cellular life forms
vim li cas cov kab mob no tsis yog cellular life forms

Bacteriophages

Tus kab mob yog cov kab mob uas tsis yog cellular uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob hauv txhua lub cev. Thiab ib leeg-celled cov kab mob prokaryotic tsis muaj kev zam.

Tsis yog-cellular life forms viruses thiab bacteriophages
Tsis yog-cellular life forms viruses thiab bacteriophages

Tus "devourers" ntawm cov kab mob no hu ua bacteriophages. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, lawv tsuas yog txhaj lawv tus kheej nucleic acid molecule los ntawm daim nyias nyias mus rau hauv cytoplasm ntawm lub cell. Tsis pub dhau ib nrab ib teev, ntau tshaj li ib puas kab mob tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug kab mob.

Tus kab mob bacteriophage pom nws cov tsiaj nyeg li cas? Qhov tseeb yog qhov no cov kab mob kis tau tshwj xeeb receptors uas paub txog cov kab mob prokaryotic.

Txoj kev rau cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev

Cov ntawv tsis yog cellular - cov kab mob, muaj cov qauv qub, muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev hauv ntau txoj kev. Lawv nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv. Rau tib neeg, feem ntau ntawm cov no yog txoj hauv kev hauv huab cua, nkag mus rau hauv cov mucous daim nyias nyias, zaub mov thiab dej.

Cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li mob encephalitis thiab kub taub hau daj yog tsiaj. Hauv qhov no, zuam thiab yoov tshaj cum, feem. Los ntawm kev sib deev, kis tau tus kab mob siab B thiab C, HIV thiab herpes.

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov kab mob uas kis tau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov fungi kuj muaj thoob plaws. Kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv phab ntsa ntawm tes.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob yog lawv cov kev xaiv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov particlecuam tshuam rau tib neeg, tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag thiab kab mob, thiab lwm yam.

Viruses: txiaj ntsig lossis ua mob

Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias lawv ua rau cov kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws: rabies, mob khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws yog cov kab mob - tsis yog cellular life forms - uas tsim kev tiv thaiv. Lub tswv yim no hais txog lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv yog innate, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntshav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tau txais.

Tom qab no muab faib ua ntuj thiab dag. Thaum hloov cov kab mob sib kis, lub cim xeeb ntawm cov kab mob tseem nyob hauv cov qe ntshav tshwj xeeb - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum cov kab mob txawv teb chaws rov nkag mus, lawv paub tus kab mob thiab rhuav tshem nws los ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv lub cev - phagocytosis. Artificial immunity tau txais los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Nws lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tib neeg lub cev tau kis tus kab mob uas tsis muaj zog thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam nws, tsim lub cim xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob.

non-cellular life forms viruses thiab phages
non-cellular life forms viruses thiab phages

Ua tsaug rau ntau hom kev tiv thaiv, lub cev khaws nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thawj tus menyuam ua pa thoob plaws lub neej. Txhua feeb, ntau cov kab mob kis mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txaus rau lawv tag nrho kev puas tsuaj, tus neeg tseem noj qab nyob zoo. Tus kab mob tshwm sim lwm yam, thaum cov kab mob kis tau zoo thiab cov peev txheej ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus los cuam tshuam rau lawv.

Cov ntawv tsis yog cellular - kab mob thiab phages - yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj caistsiaj qus, uas hu ua Vira. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws kho mob kis kab mob yog tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob txaus ntshai. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim thiab tsim cov kab mob tshiab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm HIV, uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nws tus kheej, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj rau kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Peb vam tias nws yuav daws tau sai sai.

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