Titles of the rulers of India. Keeb kwm ntawm Is Nrias teb

Cov txheej txheem:

Titles of the rulers of India. Keeb kwm ntawm Is Nrias teb
Titles of the rulers of India. Keeb kwm ntawm Is Nrias teb
Anonim

Hauv Is Nrias teb thaum ub, cov vajntxwv muaj ntau lub npe. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog maharaja, raja thiab sultan. Koj yuav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov thawj coj ntawm Ancient Is Nrias teb, Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab lub caij nyoog colonial hauv kab lus no.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe

Magaraja hauv Is Nrias teb yog ib tug tub huabtais loj lossis huab tais huab tais, uas cov thawj coj tsawg tau mloog. Nws suav hais tias yog lub npe siab tshaj plaws uas muaj rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov av no. Thaum pib, nws tau koom nrog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws Indian loj uas muaj nyob rau xyoo pua 2nd thiab nyob feem ntau ntawm Hindustan ceg av qab teb, Sumatra, Malacca thiab ob peb lwm cov Islands tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub npe no tau hnav los ntawm cov thawj coj me me. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa lawv tus kheej lossis tau txais los ntawm British colonizers.

Sultan - tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm Muslim kav hauv Is Nrias teb. Hasan Bahman Shah yog thawj tus hnav lub npe no. Nws kav lub xeev Bahmanid los ntawm 1347 txog 1358. Tom qab ntawd, txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov Muslim dynasties uas yog tus tswv ntawm Delhi Sultanate, thaj av nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Is Nrias teb, muaj lub npe no.

Raja - ib lub npe uas yog thawj zaug hnav los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov dynasties uas muaj ib thaj chaw. Tom qab ntawd, lawv pib hu tag nrho cov sovereigncov neeg uas muaj lub hwj chim. Tus kav ntawm Is Nrias teb, uas ris lub npe ntawm Raja, tsuas tuaj yeem los ntawm cov neeg siab tshaj plaws - Kshatriyas (cov tub rog) lossis Brahmins (cov pov thawj).

Mauryan Empire nyob rau hauv Ancient India
Mauryan Empire nyob rau hauv Ancient India

Mauryan Empire

Lub xeev muaj txij li xyoo 317 txog 180 BC. e. Nws txoj kev kawm pib tom qab Alexander lub Great tawm hauv cov av no, tsis xav pab Chandragupta hauv kev ua tsov ua rog nrog cov vaj ntxwv uas kav lub tebchaws Nanda. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm nthuav nws lub xeev ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Greeks.

Lub tebchaws Mauryan tau mus txog qhov kawg thaum lub sijhawm kav tebchaws Ashoka. Nws yog ib tus thawj coj uas muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb thaum ub, uas tau tswj hwm cov cheeb tsam loj uas nyob hauv tsawg kawg 40 lab tus tib neeg. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau tso tseg ib nrab xyoo tom qab Ashoka tuag. Nws tau hloov los ntawm lub xeev coj los ntawm tus tshiab tsim Shunga dynasty.

Maharaja hauv Ancient India
Maharaja hauv Ancient India

Medieval India. Txoj cai ntawm Gupta dynasty

Lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj tsoomfwv lub hauv paus muaj zog lossis tsis muaj lub tebchaws muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Tsuas muaj ob peb lub xeev me me uas tau sib ntaus sib tua tas li. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kav tebchaws India ris lub npe ntawm Raja lossis Maharaja.

Nrog lub zog los ntawm Gupta dynasty, lub sijhawm pib hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws, uas yog hu ua "golden age", txij thaum nyob rau hauv lub imperial tsev hais plaub Kalidas sau ua yeeb yam thiab paj huam, thiab astronomer thiab lej. Aryabhata tswj xyuas qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab, kwv yees hnub cithiab lunar eclipses, txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm "pi", thiab kuj ua rau ntau lwm yam discoveries. Nyob rau hauv ntsiag to ntawm lub palace, philosopher Vasubandhu sau nws cov hauj lwm treatises.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Gupta dynasty, uas kav hauv 4th-6th centuries, hu ua Maharajas. Nws tus tsim yog Sri Gupta, uas tau koom nrog Vaishya caste. Tom qab nws tuag, lub teb chaws Ottoman tau kav los ntawm Samundragupta. Nws lub xeev stretched los ntawm Bay of Bengal mus rau Arabian Hiav Txwv. Lub sijhawm no, kev coj ua tau tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog kev pub dawb ntawm thaj av, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev tswj hwm, sau se thiab lub tsev hais plaub rau cov thawj coj hauv zos. Lub xeev txoj haujlwm no tau tsim cov chaw tshiab ntawm lub zog.

kav nyob rau hauv ancient India
kav nyob rau hauv ancient India

Poob ntawm Gupta Empire

Kev sib cav tsis sib haum ntawm ntau tus thawj coj ua rau lawv lub xeev tsis muaj zog, yog li lawv feem ntau raug kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg yeej txawv teb chaws, uas tau nyiam los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm cov chaw no.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 5, pab pawg neeg Nomadic Huns tuaj rau thaj av uas yog Gupta dynasty. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua VI, lawv muaj peev xwm ntes tau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, tab sis tsis ntev lawv cov tub rog tau swb lawm, thiab lawv raug yuam kom tawm hauv Is Nrias teb. Tom qab ntawd, lub xeev Gupta tsis kav ntev. Nws poob sib nrug thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua.

Tsim lub tebchaws tshiab

Nyob rau xyoo pua 7, ntau lub tebchaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Is Nrias teb tau poob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ib tus thawj coj - Harshavardhana, tus tswv ntawm Kanauj. Nyob rau hauv 606, nws tsim ib lub teb chaws Ottoman qhov loj ntawm uas yuav muab piv nrog lub xeev ntawm Gupta dynasty. Nws paub hais tias nws yog ib tug playwright thiab kws sau paj lug, thiab Kanaujnws tau los ua ib lub peev kev cai. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau khaws cia, uas hais tias tus thawj coj ntawm Is Nrias teb tau qhia txog cov se uas tsis muaj lub nra hnyav rau tib neeg. Hauv qab nws, ib qho kev lig kev cai tau tshwm sim, raws li txhua tsib xyoos nws tau faib khoom plig pub dawb rau nws cov tub txib.

Lub xeev ntawm Harshavardhana tau tsim los ntawm cov thawj coj loj. Tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv 646, lub teb chaws Ottoman tam sim ntawd tawg mus rau hauv ob peb lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Rajput. Lub sijhawm no, kev tsim cov txheej txheem caste tau ua tiav, uas ua haujlwm hauv Is Nrias teb rau hnub no. Lub sijhawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntseeg Vajluskub los ntawm lub tebchaws thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm Hinduism.

Sultan nyob rau hauv Medieval India
Sultan nyob rau hauv Medieval India

Muslim txoj cai

Medieval Is Nrias teb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th yog tseem bogged nyob rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tas li tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub xeev. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov nom tswv hauv zos, tus kav Muslim Mahmud Ganzevi tau txeeb lawv thaj chaw.

Hauv xyoo pua XIII, tag nrho sab qaum teb ntawm Is Nrias teb tau kov yeej. Tam sim no lub hwj chim belongs rau Muslim rulers uas ris lub npe ntawm sultans. Lub rajahs hauv zos tau poob lawv thaj av, thiab ntau txhiab lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj Indian raug nyiag thiab tom qab ntawd rhuav tshem. Mosques pib ua hauv lawv qhov chaw.

Mughal Empire

Lub xeev no muaj nyob rau xyoo 1526-1540 thiab 1555-1858. Nws nyob tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Pakistan, Is Nrias teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Afghanistan. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov sij hawm no, ciam teb ntawm Mughal Empire, qhov twg Baburid dynasty kav, tau hloov tas li. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tsov rog ntawm kev kov yeej uas tau cojcov neeg sawv cev ntawm no dynasty.

Nws paub tias Zahireddin Mohammed Babur tau los ua nws tus tsim. Nws tuaj ntawm Barlas xeem thiab yog ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm Tamerlane. Txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm Baburid dynasty tau hais ob hom lus - Persian thiab Turkic. Cov thawj coj ntawm Isdias Asmesliskas no muaj cov npe nyuaj thiab ntau yam. Tab sis lawv tau muaj ib qho zoo sib xws. Nov yog lub npe "padishah", ib zaug qiv los ntawm Persian kav.

Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Mughal Empire
Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Mughal Empire

Thaum pib, tus kav yav tom ntej ntawm Is Nrias teb yog tus kav Andijan (niaj hnub Uzbekistan), uas yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Timurid, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog no raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm nomads - Deshtikipchak Uzbeks. Yog li, ua ke nrog nws cov tub rog, suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau pawg neeg thiab haiv neeg, nws tau xaus rau hauv Herat (Afghanistan). Tom qab ntawd nws tsiv mus rau North Is Nrias teb. Nyob rau hauv 1526, ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Panipat, Babur tswj kom yeej ib pab tub rog ntawm Ibrahim Lodi, uas yog tus Sultan ntawm Delhi. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws rov kov yeej cov thawj coj ntawm Rajput, tom qab ntawd thaj chaw ntawm Northern Is Nrias teb tau dhau mus rau hauv nws qhov muaj.

Babur tus qub txeeg qub teg, tus tub ntawm Humayun, tsis tuaj yeem tuav lub hwj chim hauv nws txhais tes, yog li ntau tshaj 15 xyoo, txij xyoo 1540 txog 1555, Mughal Empire tau nyob hauv tes ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Afghan Surid dynasty.

Titles of rulers in colonial India

Pib txij xyoo 1858, thaum lub tebchaws Askiv tau tsim nws txoj kev tswj hwm hauv Hindustan ceg av qab teb, cov neeg Askiv yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho cov thawj coj hauv zos uas tsis txaus siab rau qhov muaj yeej ntawm lawv.ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog li cas cov thawj coj tshiab tau tshwm sim, uas tau txais cov npe ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws.

Maharaja thaum lub sij hawm Askiv colonization ntawm Is Nrias teb
Maharaja thaum lub sij hawm Askiv colonization ntawm Is Nrias teb

Tus no yog tus kav Shinde los ntawm lub xeev Gwalior. Nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Maharaja thaum nws mus rau sab ntawm lub British thaum lub sij hawm nto moo sepoy uprising. Bhagavat Singh, uas nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Gondal, tau txais tib lub npe rau nws cov kev pab cuam rau invaders nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub coronation ntawm Emperor George V. Tus kav teb chaws hauv Baroda, Sayajirao III, tau los ua Maharaja tom qab yav dhau los raug tshem tawm rau kev nyiag khoom.

Ntxim qab kawg, tsis yog haiv neeg Khab xwb thiaj ris tau lub npe no. Kuj tseem muaj lub npe hu ua dawb rajahs, piv txwv li, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Askiv Brooke dynasty. Lawv kav lub xeev me me ntawm Sarawak txog ib puas xyoo, pib nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws tsis yog txog thaum Is Nrias teb tau txais kev ywj pheej thiab dhau los ua koom pheej hauv xyoo 1947 uas txhua lub npe ntawm cov thawj coj raug tshem tawm.

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