“Cov neeg uas noj dab tsi - qee zaum lawv noj tsis tau, thaum lwm tus noj tau, tab sis zaum tsis muaj mov ci. Thiab ntawm no peb muaj yam peb muaj, thiab tib lub sijhawm peb muaj yam peb muaj, uas txhais tau hais tias peb tsuas yog ua tsaug rau lub ntuj! Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg lom zem "He althy Toast" los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug Askiv Robert Burns, muaj kev sib cav tiag tiag ntawm cov lus "noj", uas nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub txhais tau tias "yuav tsum tau", thiab lwm yam - "noj". Dab tsi ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov no: ntawm leej twg thiab dab tsi? Ntsib - homonymous qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus. Piv txwv ua ntej.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Ntawm cov lus hauv ib hom lus, nrog rau ntawm tib neeg hauv zej zog, qee qhov kev sib raug zoo raug pom, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tshwm sim nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus qhia los ntawm cov lexical units thiab ntawm lawv lub suab tsim. Los ntawm qhov no muaj peb hom tseem ceeb: synonymous,homonymous, yam. Qhov kawg yog qhov peb yuav tsum tau nrog. Yog li, homonyms hauv Lavxias yog dab tsi?
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim xws li homonymy yog tus kheej, qhov sib txuam ntawm lub suab - lub suab duab ntawm ob lossis ntau lo lus nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Muaj kev faib ntxiv rau hauv pawg hauv qab no:
- Lexical homonyms, txwv tsis pub - tiav (lub teeb - lub teeb lub zog; lub teeb - ntiaj teb, ntug, ntiaj teb);
- Tsis tiav, uas, dhau los, muab faib ua hom. Ntawm cov tom kawg, muaj: homophones lossis phonetic homonyms - txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab kev sau, tab sis zoo sib xws hauv suab (point - ntsuas thiab pob - yav tsaus ntuj ntawm kev seev cev); homographs - txawv lub ntsiab lus, suab, tab sis tib lub spelling (tsev fuabtais - tsev thiab tsev fuabtais - fixation ntaus ntawv); homoforms los yog morphological homonyms - txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus, qee zaum nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv suab nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv tej yam morphological ntaub ntawv.
Ntawm no, ntawm cov lus nug ntawm homonyms yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, peb yuav muab xaus rau nws thiab nyob rau hauv morphological homonyms nyob rau hauv kom meej ntxiv.
Qhov tseeb grammatical homonyms
Qhov no yog ib pawg loj thiab sib txawv ntawm homonyms, uas kuj tau muab faib ua hom. Tiag tiag grammatical homonyms yog lexical units uas zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv lub suab thiab spelling, tab sis teej tug mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, thiab, raws li, txawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus lexical, morphological, grammatical nta, thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, lo lus "dab tsi" tej zaum yuav yog:ib qho lus nug lossis lus txheeb ze ("Nws nrhiav dab tsi hauv chav tom qab?"); ib tug adverb lub ntsiab lus "vim li cas", "rau dab tsi", "vim li cas", "vim li cas" ("Vim li cas ho tsis nyeem xws li ib tug nthuav phau ntawv?"); union ("Kuv hais rau koj tias kuv yuav mus rau Africa, tab sis koj tsis ntseeg"); particle (feem ntau yog siv thaum pib ntawm paj huam).
Lwm hom
Pab pawg no ntawm homonyms - homoforms, tau ntxiv nrog cov lus khub uas koom nrog kev tsom xam lexical thiab grammatical. Cov no yog homonymous feem ntawm kev hais lus. Raws li lawv hais, nws yog dab tsi thiab nws noj nrog dab tsi? Qhov no yuav tsum tau daws nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm rooj plaub.
Adverbs
Hmoob feem ntawm kev hais lus yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, thiab muaj qee cov tswv yim rau qhov no. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam adverbs uas yuav tsum tau txawv ntawm homonymous nouns, adjectives, gerunds, pronouns. Rau dab tsi? Rau kev siv kom raug hauv kev hais lus thiab zam kev sau yuam kev, txij li cov khub no tau hais tau zoo ib yam, tab sis txawv ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv kab lus, ib qho adverb txawv ntawm lub npe los ntawm qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj lo lus nyob. Lub npe muaj nws, qhov thib ob tsis. Piv txwv li, lo lus "(rau) lub rooj sib tham": "Nws tsis tshua tau sawv mus ntsib" - ib qho lus qhia hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "mus tom ntej"; "Kuv qhov kev cia siab rau lub rooj sib tham nrog tus phooj ywg qub tsis tau ua tiav" - rau lub rooj sib tham (tseem tos ntev) nrog lo lus "phooj ywg", lub npe nrog preposition. Los ntawm tib txoj cai, peb paub qhov txawv ntawm adverbs thiabnpe. Piv txwv li, "(hauv) caij nplooj zeeg": "Lub hnub twb ci nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg" - ib tug adverb, qhov tseeb spelling los ntawm ib tug hyphen; "Tej huab cua sib tw hla lub caij nplooj zeeg ntuj" - cov lus qhia nyob ntawm lub npe "lub ntuj" thiab pom zoo nrog nws ntawm poj niam txiv neej, tus lej thiab rooj plaub, cov lus sau tseg yog sau cais.
Tab sis thaum paub qhov txawv ntawm adverbs thiab cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov lus hais raws li hais, prepositions, conjunctions, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nug ib lo lus uas txaus siab thiab xaiv ib lub ntsiab lus. Ua piv txwv, cia peb coj lo lus "yav dhau los": "Cov menyuam yaus khiav zoo siab dhau los ntawm tus ntaiv" - preposition, cov lus nug tsis tau sau, nws muaj peev xwm hloov "ua ntej, qab"; "Khiav dhau los, nws qw nrov" - ib lo lus hais tias "ze, ze, tsis deb."
Unions
Peb tseem xav txog qhov tshwm sim zoo li morphological homonymy. Muaj ntau qhov nyuaj, tsis meej pem hauv nws, suav nrog kev sau ntawm homonymous ntawm kev hais lus. Cov piv txwv yuav pab koj pom thiab nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov koom haum xws li "yog li ntawd, vim, ib yam nkaus, vim, tab sis." Lub union "rau" muaj nws cov kwv tij homonymous - interrogative-relative pronoun "dab tsi" thiab lub particle "yuav". Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv lawv? Tom qab tag nrho, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua tus sau yuam kev. Ua ntej, yog hais tias "yuav" tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis hloov mus rau lwm qhov ntawm kab lus, thiab lo lus "dab tsi" raug xaiv ua tus npe, ces peb muaj lub npe. Piv txwv li: “Nws yuav kos li cas? Nws yuav tsum kos dab tsi? Nws yuav kos dab tsi? "Koj puas xav kos duab rau nws?" Thiab, qhov thib ob, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib lub koomhaum, koj tuaj yeem ib txwmmuab lwm tus. Peb nyeem: “Kuv tuaj cuag koj los tham txog tej teeb meem uas tshwm sim. "Kuv tuaj rau koj los tham txog cov teeb meem uas tau sau tseg."
Unions "tseem, ib yam nkaus" tau nyob hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab no vim yog vim li cas. Lawv, zoo li yav dhau los "heroes", muaj lawv tus kheej homonymous qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus - ib tug adverb nrog lub particle "zoo ib yam" thiab ib tug pronoun nrog lub particle "zoo ib yam". Yuav kom nkag siab tias peb muaj cov koom haum, peb yuav tsum hloov lawv nrog ib leeg lossis nrog lub koom haum "thiab" ("Peb nyiam ntawv tseeb, nws kuj hlub=nws kuj hlub=thiab nws hlub"). Nov yog thawj txoj kev.
Hauv cov lus qhia thiab cov lus, cov lus "tib yam" tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv, tab sis tsis ua ke ("Nws xav tau tib yam li peb=Nws xav tau yam peb tau ua"). Tsis tas li ntawd, lo lus nug tsis yog posed rau lub union, tab sis mus rau adverb thiab pronoun - yog. ("Nws xav tau tib yam (yuav ua li cas?) raws li peb; Nws ua luam dej tib yam (yuav ua li cas?) raws li peb ua"). Nov yog txoj kev thib ob.
Tab sis, vim, vim
Peb txuas ntxiv cov ncauj lus thiab tig mus rau qhov tshiab, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav: qhov sib txuas thiab sib cais ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus "tab sis, vim, vim". Nws yog qhov tseeb los sau lawv ua ke yog tias lawv yog cov koomhaum, thiab cais yog tias lawv yog cov lus nrog prepositions. Yuav ua li cas paub lawv? Cov txheej txheem yog tib yam li hauv cov piv txwv saum toj no.
Koj tuaj yeem khaws lwm lub koomhaum rau lub koomhaum: "ntawm qhov tod tes - tab sis, vim - vim, vim - vim" ("Nws yog tus kws kos duab phem, tab sis (tab sis) tus kws kho kom zoo nkauj"). Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke "rau qhov ntawd, los ntawm qhov ntawd, rau qhov ntawd", cov lus "thaum ntawd, uas" yog ib qho yooj yim los hloov nrog lub npe lossis adjective.thiab muab cov lus nug uas tsim nyog rau lawv ("Kuv xav ua tsaug rau koj (rau dab tsi?) uas koj tuaj rau peb hnub so")
prepositions
Spelling homonymous feem ntawm kev hais lus (saib cov lus qhia hauv phau ntawv nyeem ntawm lus Lavxias) yog ib lub ntsiab lus nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, peb txuas ntxiv mus kawm qhov teeb meem kom ntxaws.
Yog li, prepositions thiab lwm yam homonymous ntawm kev hais lus. Ntawm no nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txoj haujlwm ntawm prepositions yog txuas ob lo lus uas tsim ib kab lus. Lawv yog cov derivative thiab tsis yog derivative. Thawj cov yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm homonymous qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- “Lub tsev tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub hlis. "Thiab tam sim ntawd, muaj ib tug ntse tig nyob rau hauv tus dej."
- “Peb tau mus ncig thoob tebchaws Ltalis ib hlis. - Muaj cov dab neeg tsis xav txog hauv qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov tshiab."
- "Vim tsis muaj sijhawm, kuv ua tsis tiav. "Kuv nug nws tias nws txhais li cas."
- "Ua tsaug rau nws cov tswv yim tshiab, peb tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no. - Cov qhua maj mam sib cais, ua tsaug rau tus tswv tsev rau noj hmo zoo."
yog dab tsi
Nyob rau hauv thawj kab lus, kev sib xyaw "rau" yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog qhov xaus -e, raws li nws tau siv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm thiab teb cov lus nug "ntev npaum li cas? thaum twg?" Nws yog devoid ntawm ywj siab lexical lub ntsiab lus, yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, homonym "thaum lub sijhawm" yog ib lub npe nrog preposition, vim hais tias tus adjective tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lawv,Piv txwv li, "nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev tam sim no." Peb sau qhov xaus -i raws li cov kev cai dav dav rau declension ntawm nouns.
Nyob hauv kab lus thib peb, peb tab tom hais txog qhov preposition "mus txuas ntxiv" thaum kawg nrog tsab ntawv -e. Raws li nyob rau hauv thawj qhov piv txwv, nws muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm, nyob ntawm seb lub npe. Hauv kab lus thib plaub, "nyob rau hauv txuas ntxiv" yog lub npe nrog preposition, txij li thaum koj tuaj yeem siv cov npe ntawm lawv. Ua ntej peb yog homonymy ntawm cov lus sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus.
Nyob rau hauv qhov thib tsib variant, lo lus "saib" yog sau ua ke, vim nws qhia tias yog vim li cas thiab, yog li ntawd, yog pretext. Hauv kab lus thib rau, peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog lub npe nrog lub preposition "hauv siab" thiab peb sau cais. "Saib" yog thawj daim ntawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv prepositional.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib xya, peb tau ntsib nrog kev siv preposition "ua tsaug" vim nws tsis tuaj yeem nug ib lo lus nug thiab ua yam tsis muaj nws. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub yim - peb ntsib nrog homonymous gerund participle "ua tsaug", txij li thaum nws denotes ib tug ntxiv kev txiav txim rau lub ntsiab ib tug, cov lus qhia predicate "diverged", thiab tsim ib tug participle turnover.
Peb cia siab tias tsab xov xwm ntawm lub ncauj lus "Hommonymous parts of speech: definition, spelling, example" yuav pab daws tau txhua yam teeb meem hauv kev kawm lus Lavxias.
