Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow) yog lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav mob siab rau lawv lub neej tag nrho rau kev tshawb fawb lossis tau txais kev kawm zoo, ntau yam kev kawm uas qhib qhov rooj rau ntau lub tuam txhab Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws.
Nrhiav University
MGU tau tsim muaj xyoo 1755 los ntawm M. Lomonosov thiab I. Shuvalov. Hnub qhib yuav tsum yog 1754, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj tshwm sim vim yog kev kho cov haujlwm. Txoj cai hais txog kev qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv tau kos npe los ntawm Empress Elizabeth nws tus kheej nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm tib lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim, Tatyana's Day yog ua kev zoo siab txhua xyoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thawj cov lus qhuab qhia pib nyeem. Ivan Shuvalov los ua tus curator ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab Alexei Argamakov los ua tus thawj coj. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias Mikhail Lomonosov tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab hauv ib qho kev hais lus rau qhov qhib. Cov keeb kwm piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Ivan Shuvalov tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim Moscow State University thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm nws, thiab kuj tau qhia ntau yam kev cai rau hauv nws cov dej num uas tau mob siab rau los ntawm Lomonosov nws tus kheej thiab lwm cov kws tshawb fawb. Qhov no tsuas yog kev kwv yees uas tsis muaj pov thawj. Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias Lomonosov tsuas yogua raws Shuvalov cov lus txib.
Kev tswj hwm
Lomonosov Moscow State University yog subordinate rau tsoom fwv Senate. Cov xibfwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev hais plaub, uas yog tus thawj coj thiab tus saib xyuas. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus saib xyuas suav nrog kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, kev pom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm, thiab lwm yam. Tus thawj coj raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv thiab ua haujlwm tswj xyuas. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem suav nrog muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab tsim kev sib tham nrog cov kws tshawb fawb paub zoo thiab lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Rau tus thawj coj qhov kev txiav txim siab kom muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho, nws yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm tus saib xyuas. Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm cov xibfwb, uas muaj 3 tus xibfwb thiab 3 tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, ua haujlwm hauv tus thawj coj.
XVIII caug xyoo
Lomonosov Moscow University (MGU) nyob rau xyoo pua 18th tuaj yeem muab cov tub ntxhais kawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv: lub tswv yim, tshuaj thiab kev cai lij choj. Mikhail Kheraskov nyob rau hauv 1779 tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv noble boarding tsev kawm ntawv, uas dhau los ua ib tug gymnasium nyob rau hauv 1930. Nikolai Novikov (1780) raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm tsev kawm ntawv xov xwm. Cov ntawv xov xwm "Moskovskie Vedomosti" tau luam tawm ntawm no, uas yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Tsis ntev, thawj cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb pib tsim hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
19th century
Txij li thaum xyoo 1804, kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau dhau mus rau hauv lub tes ntawm Pawg Sab Laj thiab tus rector, uas tau pom zoo los ntawm tus huab tais. Pawg sablaj muaj cov xibfwb zoo tshaj plaws. Rector rov xaiv tsatuav txhua xyoo los ntawm kev pov npav zais cia. Deans raug xaiv ib yam nkaus. Kh. Chebotarev tau los ua thawj tus rector uas raug xaiv raws li qhov system no. Pawg sab laj tau hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm, sim cov kev paub ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab xaiv cov kws qhia ntawv hauv gymnasium thiab tsev kawm qib siab. Txhua lub hlis, Lomonosov Moscow State University tau tuav cov rooj sib tham rau kev tshawb pom tshiab thiab kev sim. Lub koom haum tswj hwm yog Pawg Thawj Coj, uas muaj cov rector thiab deans. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau ua nrog kev pab los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas. Lub sijhawm no, cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University lub npe tom qab M. V. Lomonosov tau hloov pauv qee yam: lawv tau muab faib ua 4 ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb (kev nom kev tswv, kev hais lus, lub cev thiab lej thiab kev kho mob).
XX caug xyoo
Nyob rau xyoo 1911 muaj ib lub suab nrov nrov - Casso yi. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kwv yees li 30 tus xibfwb thiab 130 tus kws qhia ntawv tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau 6 xyoo. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov no, uas, tom qab kev ncaim ntawm P. Lebedev, khov rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob rau 15 xyoo. Xyoo 1949, kev tsim kho lub tsev tshiab ntawm Sparrow Hills tau pib, uas yav tom ntej tau los ua lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Xyoo 1992, tus kws paub lej paub zoo V. Sadovnichiy tau raug xaiv tsa hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
txheej txheem kawm
Koj puas xav paub lawv qhia dab tsi hauv Lomonosov Moscow State University? Nyob rau hauv 2011, tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab universities yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau ib tug ob-theem kev kawm system, uas yog sau los ntawm lub Bologna Convention. Txawm li cas los xij, MSUtxuas ntxiv qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke 6 xyoo. Tus rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, Viktor Sadovnichy, tau hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej raws li nws tus kheej cov qauv. Nws hais ntxiv tias lawv yuav nyob rau theem siab dua cov xeev. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, ob hom kev kawm muaj peev xwm - tus kws tshaj lij thiab qib master's degree. Kev cob qhia rau tus kws tshaj lij yuav kav ntev li 6 xyoo, thiab bachelor's degree yuav nyob twj ywm ntawm qee lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv kev kawm muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no: ib tus neeg pom zoo, ib tus neeg tsis nrawm los txiav txim siab.
qauv
Hnub no, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau tshaj 600 lub tsev, tag nrho cheeb tsam uas yog kwv yees li 1 lab m². Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Russia thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv occupies txog 200 hectares. Nws paub tias tsoomfwv Moscow tau faib thaj tsam ntawm 120 hectares rau cov tsev tshiab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, uas ua haujlwm nquag tau ua txij li xyoo 2003. Lub cheeb tsam tau txais ntawm daim ntawv xauj tsev gratuitous. Kev tsim kho feem ntau yog los ntawm kev pab ntawm Inteko CJSC. Lub tuam txhab tau tsim ib feem ntawm thaj chaw faib nrog ob thaj chaw nyob thiab chaw nres tsheb. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ib feem ntawm 30% ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab 15% ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nws kuj tau npaj los tsim thaj chaw nrog plaub lub tsev nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev qiv ntawv tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov no yuav yog ib lub nroog me me, uas yuav muaj chav kuaj thiab cov tsev tshawb fawb thiab chaw ntau pob.
Xyoo 2005 yoglub tsev qiv ntawv hauv paus tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 2007, tus kav nroog ntawm lub nroog Yu. Luzhkov thiab lub rector ntawm Moscow State University solemnly qhib ob qho chaw tseem ceeb: Thawj Academic Building ntawm Moscow State University, uas muaj peb faculties (public tswj, keeb kwm thiab philosophy) thiab ib tug. system ntawm 5 lub tsev rau lub chaw kho mob (polyclinic, tsev kho mob, chaw kuaj mob thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab tsev kawm ntawv). Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 2009, qhov kev qhib loj ntawm lub tsev thib 3 humanitarian tau tshwm sim, uas tau npaj los ua tsev rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam. Ib xyoos tom qab, lub tsev thib 4 tau qhib, uas tau tuav los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Txoj Cai. Txoj kev hla av hauv av tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lomonosovsky Prospekt, uas txuas nrog thaj chaw tshiab thiab qub.
Nyob rau xyoo 2011, thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw tshiab tau hu ua Shuvalovsky, thiab lwm qhov kev tsim kho yuav raug hu ua Lomonosovsky. Muaj cov ceg ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txawm nyob sab nraud lub tebchaws, nyob rau hauv cov chaw deb tshaj plaws: hauv Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent thiab Sevastopol.
Kev tshawb fawb lub neej
Lomonosov State University (MSU) muaj npe nrov rau nws cov kws tshawb fawb txawj ntse uas niaj hnub tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav thiab tshawb fawb. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2017, MSU biologists luam tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm uas lawv tau ua pov thawj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab "tsis ncaj ncees lawm" mitochondria. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sim no tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm scientific Reports. Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tau tsim los pab ntsuas lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj npe nrov tsis yog rau cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo uas twb tau tsim lub npe rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txuj ci. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv hauv 2017tau los ua tus yeej ntawm tsoomfwv Moscow khoom plig.
faculties
Lomonosov Moscow State University muab cov tub ntxhais kawm xaiv ntau yam kev kawm. Muaj txog 30 faculties nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub Moscow School of Economics, lub tsev kawm ntawv theem siab ntawm kev lag luam, kws qhia ntawv ntawm tub rog kev kawm ntawv, lub Higher School of Translation, thiab lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm, kuj muaj ib tug University Gymnasium uas txais cov menyuam ntsuag. Dab tsi nthuav peb tuaj yeem kawm txog Lomonosov Moscow State University? Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev vam meej tshaj plaws, thiab yog vim li cas. Nws yog suav hais tias yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kawm physics hauv txhua lub tebchaws Russia, vim tias kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm no uas tau txais kev tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kws qhia ntawv yog cov kws tshawb fawb uas paub txog lawv qhov kev tshawb pom thiab cov tswv yim txawm tias txawv teb chaws. Cov kws qhia ntawv no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1933, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Cov kws tshawb fawb xws li S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov qhia ntawm no. Ntawm 10 Lavxias Nobel Prize yeej, 7 tau kawm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv no: A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, V. Ginzburg, L. Landau, A. Abrikosov thiab I. Tamm.
Summing up the results of this review article, Kuv xav hais tias Moscow State University. Lomonosov yog ib lub tsev kawm qib siab zoo tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation, yog tias tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txhua tus neeg thov yuav tsum xaiv qhov nws tus kheej, vim tias kev kawm ntawm no qhib ntau lub sijhawm. Lub koob meej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tsis zoo li yuav poob mus ib txhis, vim tias txawm nyob hauv cov ceg ntoo yuav luag tsis muaj kev txaus ntshai.
