Kev kawm txog keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab hauv tsev kawm ntawv pib hauv qib pib. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau paub hauv cov lus qhia nrog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub teb chaws yav dhau los. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo mus rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov chav kawm. Ntau qhov tseeb yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, sib cav thiab xav tau kev xav, lwm tus yog qhov nyuaj, yog li nws tsis yooj yim rau cov me nyuam to taub lawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom pom qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum tsim ib zaj lus qhia keeb kwm, tej zaum ntau dua li cov qib laus.
Qhov tseeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus
Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv raws sijhawm: txoj kev no nws yuav yooj yim rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem teeb meem hauv qhov no, tej zaum, tsis tsim nyog. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau qhia txog qhov tseeb thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev txaus siab rau kev kawm ntxiv txog kev qhuab qhia. Hauv qhov no, keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj no. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm pib nyiam cov menyuam kawm ntawv nrog lawv cov yeeb yam thiab xim. Zaj lus qhia tuaj yeem nrog cov lus dab neeg (piv txwv li, lus dab neeg hais txog tus yaj saub Oleg, nws cov phiaj xwm tawm tsam Constantinople, thiab tseem hais txogYuav ua li cas nws ua Kyiv lub peev ntawm nws lub xeev).
Kev kav ntawm Kiev cov thawj coj hauv qab no tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Kev kav ntawm Vladimir lub Hnub Liab, nws tus tub Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir Monomakh nyiam los ntawm cov menyuam yaus vim tias muaj ntau cov lus dab neeg thaum ub, cov dab neeg, thiab cov dab neeg muaj feem xyuam nrog lawv cov npe, uas cuam tshuam rau kev xav ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Ib lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm yog kev tawg ntawm Kievan Rus thiab tom ntej Mongol-Tatar yoke. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov laj thawj ntawm kev tawg ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau hauv kev ywj pheej txoj hmoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kov yeej thaj av los ntawm Golden Horde.
History of Medieval Russia
Kev tsim ntawm Moscow Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab av nyob ib puag ncig nws yog lub ntsiab lus nyuaj dua li "Kievan Rus" ntu. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Russia yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab sib npaug. Thaum xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev kawm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev kav cov thawj coj. Yog li nws yuav yooj yim dua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los koom nrog hauv txoj kev kawm. Feem ntau cov kws qhia ntawv pib zaj lus qhia nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm kev nce siab ntawm Moscow thiab raws li ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej lawv hu ua txoj cai tswj hwm ntawm nws cov thawj coj. Yog li ntawd tus xib fwb thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm smoothly mus rau thawj princes.
Moscow princes
Daniil ntawm Moscow, Ivan Kalita thiab lawv cov neeg ua tiav, hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm Moscow rau hauv lub xeev lub nroog, tau qhia ntawm cov tshooj lus. Nws yog ib advisable mus soj ntsuam cov laj thawj rau lawv txoj kev vam meej thiab lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Russia los ntawm lub Mongol-Tatar yoke. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws keeb kwmCov xwm txheej ntawm theem no yog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo thiab sawv ntawm Ugra River, uas tau cawm Russia los ntawm Horde dependence. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus cwj pwm ntawm Dmitry Donskoy thiab Ivan III yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv chav kawm. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm - keeb kwm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm kawm: Trinity, Novgorod, Sofia, Nikonov, Sawv Rov Los, Simeonova. Lawv piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej no kom ntxaws, uas, tau kawg, yuav tsum txaus siab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Russia nyob rau niaj hnub nim no
Thaum kawm qhov tseeb ntawm XVI-XVII centuries, tus xib fwb hais, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, rau cov teeb meem ntawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshooj lus txheeb xyuas cov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nom kev tswv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm dhau los ntawm kev kav ntawm Ivan IV qhov txaus ntshai, thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej rau qhov tshwm sim loj hauv tebchaws Russia, uas yuav luag ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub xeev hauv peb lub tebchaws. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau cov menyuam yaus ua tib zoo, txij li qhov tseeb xws li, piv txwv li, oprichnina, yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev koom ua ke ntawm Siberia, Kazan thiab Astrakhan, uas nthuav dav thaj chaw ntawm Muscovy.
Thaum kawm txog lub sijhawm Teebmeem, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg hauv kev ywj pheej ntawm lub peev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov kev tawm tsam dav dav uas ua rau lub tebchaws tawg. Thaum xa mus rau lub sijhawmkev kav thawj tsars los ntawm Romanov dynasty, lub sij hawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lawv cov dej num yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, xws li ntxiv dag zog rau kev lag luam thiab stabilizing qhov teeb meem nom tswv nyob rau hauv lub xeev.
Peter kuv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm Russia mus rau hauv lub tebchaws
pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII tau cim los ntawm kev hloov pauv loj hauv lub neej ntawm lub tebchaws. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter Alekseevich, lub xeev pib ua si ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb arena. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog Northern, Russia tau nkag mus rau lub hiav txwv B altic thiab tau los ua ib tug faj tim teb chaws. Kev tshawb fawb, khoom siv tes ua, thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv ntiaj teb tau pib txhim kho. Tsev khaws puav pheej, kev ua dej hiav txwv, engineering thiab tsev kawm kho mob tau qhib thawj zaug. Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tsim nws tus kheej fleet thiab ua lub loj tshaj plaws maritime hwj chim.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej no tau ua los ntawm tus huab tais tshiab tus cwj pwm. Peter kuv kawm tag nrho nws lub neej thiab yuam kom lwm tus kawm. Nws ua tiav tias lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua ib lub tebchaws muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev kav, thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Qhov no yog li cas qib 4 yuav tsum kawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm. Cov ntawv nyeem rau cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau muaj cov phau ntawv uas muaj kev kawm, txij li hauv cov qib pib nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam nyiam yav dhau los ntawm Fatherland.
