Keeb Kwm ntawm New Zealand los ntawm kev tshawb pom txog niaj hnub no

Cov txheej txheem:

Keeb Kwm ntawm New Zealand los ntawm kev tshawb pom txog niaj hnub no
Keeb Kwm ntawm New Zealand los ntawm kev tshawb pom txog niaj hnub no
Anonim

New Zealand keeb kwm raug suav hais tias feem ntau yog luv luv. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tsuas yog qee qhov xya puas xyoo. Tus pioneer ntawm New Zealand rau kev vam meej Europe yog Dutchman Abel Tasman. Nws yog thawj tus neeg taug kev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv New Zealand. Thawj zaug mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov Islands tuaj, tab sis kuj tau mus ncig lawv thiab kos duab rau lawv, tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Captain Cook. Ua tsaug rau cov cim siab tawv ntawm keeb kwm ntiaj teb no, lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej tau kawm txog cov Islands tuaj, qhov twg yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws tom qab lub xeev tam sim no nyob.

History (luv luv)

Cov neeg Maori nyob rau xyoo pua 18th
Cov neeg Maori nyob rau xyoo pua 18th

Thawj zaug taug kev ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov koog pov txwv yog cov pab pawg ntawm Eastern Polynesia. Lawv tau coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov av no, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI-XIV. Nkoj ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ua raws ib qho tom qab, thiab kev loj hlob zuj zus los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm ob haiv neeg tseem ceeb: Maori thiab Moriori. Moriori tau tsa cov Islands tuaj ntawm Chatham Archipelago, Maori xaiv North thiab South Islands tuaj.

Nyob hauv cov dab neeg ntawm pawg neeg los txog niaj hnub no, cov lus dab neeg ntawm Polynesian navigator Kupe,uas nrhiav pom cov Islands tuaj los ntawm kev caij nkoj ntawm lub teeb catamaran nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov neeg Maori qhia tias ntau tiam neeg tom qab, ntau tus canoes tawm hauv lawv lub tebchaws thiab mus tshawb cov Islands tuaj tshiab. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog qhov kev thov ntawm lub neej ntawm Kupe thiab lub nkoj loj ntawm Polynesians ntawm cov lus dab neeg los ua moot. Txawm li cas los xij, archaeological excavations tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm Polynesian txoj kev loj hlob ntawm New Zealand.

Yog tias peb xav txog keeb kwm ntawm New Zealand luv luv, cov Polynesians, uas thawj zaug nyob rau yav dhau los cov Islands tuaj, tsim Maori kab lis kev cai, thawj zaug ntsib cov neeg European hauv 1642. Txij li cov neeg Maori tau ua rog heev, lub rooj sib tham no tsis tsim nyog. Lub nkoj Maori tau hais tawm tsam lub nkoj ntawm Dutch tub lag luam thiab tus neeg tshawb nrhiav Abel Tasman uas tuaj txog ntawm lawv ntug dej. Cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv nkoj tau txais kev raug mob loj heev. Tasman hu ua qhov chaw Killer Bay (tam sim no Golden Bay).

Cook is wiser

Lub rooj sib tham tom ntej tau tshwm sim ntau dua ib puas xyoo tom qab. Nws yog nws uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm New Zealand. Xyoo 1769, James Cook tau mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv no nrog nws ntoj ncig. Lub rooj sib tham nrog Maori tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib lub siab ib yam li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nrog Tasman. Tab sis Cook ua tus ntse dua. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg hauv zos, nws tau tswj hwm kom ntes tau ntau tus neeg raug kaw, thiab txhawm rau kom yeej qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos, nws cia lawv mus tsev. Thiab me ntsis tom qab kev sib cuag nrog cov thawj coj ntawm pab pawg neeg tau tshwm sim. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, European ships pib tshwm ntau zaus tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm South thiab North Islands tuaj. Thiab los ntawm peb caug xyoo XIX, ob txhiabCov neeg European. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv tau nyob nrog cov Maori nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, muaj ntau yam ua qhev lossis ib nrab qhev.

Maori thiab kiwi
Maori thiab kiwi

Maori tsis paub nyiaj, yog li kev lag luam nrog lawv los ntawm kev sib pauv. Native New Zealanders muaj nuj nqis phom. Raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm New Zealand qhia, ntau yam ntawm cov phom ua rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov ntshav. Raws li ib txwm muaj, tsis yog phom, cov neeg European tau txais cov kab mob venereal, qhua pias, mob khaub thuas thiab cawv. Tag nrho cov no txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos los ntawm 1896 mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - plaub caug ob txhiab tus neeg.

Treaty of Waitangi

Cov ntseeg Vajtswv
Cov ntseeg Vajtswv

Xyoo 1840, Maori cov thawj coj thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus lossis, raws li New Zealand keeb kwm mus, Treaty of Waitangi. Raws li nws cov ntsiab lus, Maori tau txais kev saib xyuas ntawm lub nceeg vaj, tab sis muab txoj cai tshwj xeeb los yuav av rau cov neeg Askiv. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg tau pom zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kos npe. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim ntawm Maori thiab cov neeg Askiv los ntawm 1845 txog 1872. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov neeg hauv zos tau pom qhov ua siab loj uas tsis tau pom dua, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub zog ntawm cov colonialists. Hauv kev tiv thaiv lawv thaj av, qee zaum, Maori tau ua phem rau cov neeg Askiv.

Ua ntej Ua noj thiab Tasman

Maori nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th
Maori nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws New Zealand tau muab faib ua peb lub sijhawm tseem ceeb: Polynesian colonization thiab niaj hnub. Maori, ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg European, tsim cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm no, rau qee qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg Polynesian, uas yog lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv ncaj qha. Cov neeg hauv zos yog swarthy, nrog hom ntsej muag,tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm Asia. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau cov zaub mov hauv New Zealand, lawv loj dua thiab siab dua cov Polynesians.

Thaum, nyob ib ncig ntawm 1350, tus poj niam ntawm Polynesian navigator thiab nrhiav tau ntawm New Zealand, Hine-te-Aparanji, pom ib thaj av tshiab, nws hu ua Aotearoa, uas txhais tau tias "av av ntawm huab dawb ntev." Raws li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm keeb kwm ua ntej-European ntawm New Zealand, cov Polynesians tsis yog thawj zaug ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm archipelago. Qhov tseeb, cov pab pawg neeg hauv zos twb nyob ntawm no, uas, qhov tseeb, tau kov yeej los ntawm Polynesians uas tuaj txog tom qab Kupe. Tom qab ntawd lawv sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib tus neeg. Raws li qhov kev lees paub no, New Zealand's Maori keeb kwm ua ntej cov neeg European tsis muaj kev phom sij, tsis hais txog kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke ua tub rog qhia meej txog txoj cai rau thaj chaw.

Txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm tebchaws Askiv

Ships tawm New Zealand
Ships tawm New Zealand

Tom qab kos npe rau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Maori thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Askiv thawj zaug, cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau coj txoj hauv kev ntawm kev loj hlob raws li tus qauv British colonial kev lag luam. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub archipelago tau loj hlob sai heev, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm raw khoom appendage ntawm lub imperial economic tshuab. New Zealand tsis muaj xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev sovereign. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj tom qab lub rooj sib tham colonial tau tuav hauv xyoo 1907, thaum Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws New Zealand tau ua tiav kev tswj hwm tus kheej rau lub xeev. Rau qhov no, lawv txawm tuaj nrog lub sij hawm tshiab "dominion", uas tau muab lub sijhawm rau New Zealand rau npe los ua.ywj siab.

Independence

Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm New Zealand
Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm New Zealand

Plaub xyoos tom qab, tom qab tau txais lub xeev txoj cai, New Zealand tau txais nws lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Xyoo 1926, lub rooj sib tham imperial sib npaug ntawm cov cai ntawm kev tswj hwm nrog lub xeev. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1931, "Txoj Cai ntawm Westminster" tau lees paub txoj cai rau kev ywj pheej ntawm New Zealand. Muaj tseeb tiag, txog thaum xyoo 1947, Tebchaws Askiv tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg tub rog ntawm Maori lub teb chaws thiab tau tawm tswv yim rau nws nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev nom kev tswv. Thiab niaj hnub no, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv architecture thiab lwm cov cim qhia pom tseeb ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam hauv tebchaws Askiv. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm ntau yam kev kos duab.

Txawm li cas los, cov Maori tsis muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sau ua ntej colonization. Tej zaum yog vim li cas keeb kwm luv luv ntawm New Zealand hauv lus Askiv muaj ntau dua li lwm yam.

New Zealand thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II

New Zealand txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nom kev tswv rau Tebchaws Askiv tau tso cai ua tub rog rau ntawm lub kaus mom British. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag ntawm New Zealanders rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog pib ib txhij nrog kev nkag ntawm cov neeg Askiv mus rau hauv nws. Nws tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 3, 1941.

Lub New Zealand Expeditionary Force thib ob tau tsim los ntawm New Zealand Army. 140,000 New Zealanders tau pab txhawb rau qhov yeej. Cov neeg ua tub rog ua tub rog tau nce siab thaum Lub Xya Hli 1942. Tom qab ntawd yuav luag 155,000 New Zealanders tau ceeb toom.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias innate militancy ntawm Maori tuaj nyob rau hauv ke nyob rau hauv no tsov rog. Yog28th battalion tau tsim, uas yog hu ua "Maori battalion" ntawm 700-900 tus neeg, tsim nyob rau hauv 1940. Lub battalion lub motto tau coj los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub ritual combat seev cev haka, uas suab zoo li "Ake! Ake! Kia Kakha E!” (Mus! Mus! Ua zog!).

Cov Maori tau qhia lawv cov txuj ci ua tub rog nto moo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kob ntawm Crete thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, nrog rau North Africa thiab Ltalis. Cov tub rog Maori, cov tswv cuab ntawm 28th battalion, tau qhia txog kev ua tub rog loj tshaj plaws thaum lub sij hawm ntes ntawm Florence. Nws yog lawv uas nkag mus hauv lub nroog thawj zaug thaum Lub Yim Hli 4, 1944, thawb rov qab cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht. Lawv txib kom hwm lawv tej yeeb ncuab. Cov Maori tau muaj npe nrov tshwj xeeb thaum nws tuaj txog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua lawv qhov tseem ceeb.

After the war

Excavations hauv New Zealand
Excavations hauv New Zealand

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm New Zealand, nws qhov kev hloov tshiab, pib nrog qhov kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Maori pib tsiv ntawm lub zos mus rau lub nroog kom khwv tau nyiaj. Urbanization txuas ntxiv mus, txawm tias kev ua liaj ua teb tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam. Lub Māori feem ntau tsa qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua raws li kev ncaj ncees ntawm Treaty of Waitangi. Xyoo 1975, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Waitangi tau raug tsim los, raws li qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm tib lub npe raug tshawb xyuas. Xyoo 1987, New Zealand tshaj tawm nws tus kheej ib thaj chaw tsis muaj nuclear, uas ua rau nyuaj rau kev hla ntawm US Navy.

Hnub New Zealand yog ib lub tebchaws tab tom txhim kho, muaj ntau lub tebchaws nrog rau kev tswj hwm huab tais. Vim nws qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev them se tsawg, nws pib tsim hauv kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab. Thaum hais txog "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings"lub xeev no los xav.

Pom zoo: