Kev txaus siab koj tau txais thaum hnav khaub ncaws nyob ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej. Los ntawm cov khoom tu cev ntawm cov ntaub tshwj xeeb.
Qee cov khoom uas ib tug neeg hnav tau ntau xyoo thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog lawv, lwm tus dai yuav luag tsis tau kov hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws. Ob peb qhov ntsuas tsim ib qho kev nplij siab, ib qho ntawm hygroscopicity. Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Theory
Lub hygroscopicity ntawm cov khoom yog nws lub peev xwm nqus dej noo thiab tso tawm. Lo lus muaj keeb kwm Greek thaum ub, "kev soj ntsuam ntawm noo noo" txhais tau tias nws txhais tau hais tias.
Muab rau hauv tus account hygroscopicity - qhov nqus dej tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vapor hauv huab cua. Cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig peb muaj qee qhov av noo - lawv txawm tham txog nws hauv huab cua huab cua. Qee cov fibers, los ntawm kev nqus dej, feem ntau hloov lawv cov khoom. Vim lawv cov hygroscopicity, khaub ncaws thiab khau tuaj yeem ntub txawm tias tsis los nag.
Hygroscopicity yog dab tsi? Nov yog kev nplij siab
Qhov degree ntawm hygroscopicity yog kwv yees los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov av. Nws nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus:
- Yog tiaghu rau cov av noo ib txwm nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas twb muaj lawm, nws qhia tau hais tias cov dej noo (raws li feem pua) cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub qhuav.
- Conditional humidity - av noo nyob rau hauv ib txwm atmospheric tej yam kev mob. Humidity - 65% thiab huab cua kub - 20 ° C.
- Cov av noo siab tshaj plaws - qhov ntsuas tau ntsuas ntawm cov av noo ntawm 100% thiab huab cua kub ntawm 20 ° C.
Qhov no yog li cas cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas hygroscopicity. Tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom zoo tib yam xav paub, yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm hygroscopicity.
Kev xav ntawm kev nplij siab tshwm nyob rau hauv ib tus neeg yog tias cov ntaub tuaj yeem nqus dej noo. Lub microclimate zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ib txwm muaj. Cov khoom uas tsis muaj lub peev xwm no yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev sib cuag. Hygienists tsis pom zoo kom siv cov ntaub zoo li no. Hauv cov khaub ncaws zoo li no, tus neeg yuav hnov zoo li nws nyob hauv lub khob iav.
Hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic fibers
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov fibers, cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lawv cov qauv tshuaj nyob ntawm cov lus teb rau cov dej molecules:
- Hydrophilic fibers yog cov khoom siv raw uas muaj cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm atoms uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo rau dej.
- Hydrophobic - fibers uas tsis muaj pawg zoo li yuav tawm tsam dej.
Cov kws tu neeg huv, ntxiv rau cov ntsuas hygroscopic, ntsuas qhov vapor permeability thiab breathability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub zoo tuaj yeem tso cua thiab vapor los ntawm, nqus noo noo.
FibersThaum ya raws yog absorbed, lawv nce nyob rau hauv ntim, lawv qhov ntev hloov. Thaum cov ntaub hygroscopic nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw nrog cov av noo ntawm 0%, ziab tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov fibers, cov dej tsis evaporate rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyob twj ywm. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua qhuav kiag li, hygroscopic fabrics tsis instantly poob dej. Cov txheej txheem ziab yog qeeb. Nyob rau hauv xws li khaub ncaws, ib tug neeg, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv suab puam, zoo li ib txwm.
Cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv hydrophobic muaj hygroscopicity tsawg. Lawv qhuav tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm huab cua qhuav. Cov kev xav tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv ib tus neeg hauv cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub nrog me ntsis hygroscopicity. Daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub cev pib qhuav li ntaub dries.
Hygroscopicity ntawm cov ntaub sib txawv
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus neeg yuav khoom kom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm lub cev lub cev ntawm cov ntaub kom muab nws tus kheej tsis yog tsuas yog nrog kev zoo siab sab nraud ntawm cov khaub ncaws, tab sis kuj zoo siab hnav lawv.
Nyob
Woolen fabrics yog hygroscopic tshaj plaws. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub plaub no yog xeeb los ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab tso cai rau tsiaj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv huab cua txias thiab kub, nyob rau hauv subtropics, suab puam.
Wool fibers tuaj yeem nqus tau li 17% ya raws ntawm huab cua ib txwm muaj. Ntawm cov av noo siab, hygroscopicity tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40%.
Silk
Silk natural threads tsis nqus dej tsawg. Qhov taw qhia nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob yog 11%. Thaum high humidity nws ncav cuag40%.
Viscose
Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias txoj haujlwm tom ntej yog nyob los ntawm kev tsim cov viscose fiber ntau. Vim yog hygroscopicity ntawm ntoo thiab cellulose thav duab, uas tseem nyob tom qab kev hloov kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, hygroscopicity ntawm fabrics yog 12%. Txog li 40% nce hauv cov av noo siab.
Cov ntaub no yog qeb thib 4 ntawm hygroscopicity. 12% yog sib npaug rau lub peev xwm nqus dej noo nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj. Txog li 21% nce nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej tshaj plaws.
paj rwb
tsib cov ntaub ntawv saum toj kawg nkaus-cov thawj coj ntawm hygroscopicity raug kaw los ntawm paj rwb. Nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau li 8% ntawm cov dej noo nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov av ib puag ncig. Paj rwb mercerized fibers muaj peev xwm nqus dej ntau dua.
Txhua lwm cov ntaub muaj me ntsis hygroscopicity. Cov ntaub no yog dab tsi? Cov no suav nrog:
- Acetate fibers, nylon, vinol (nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob, qhov taw qhia yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5 mus rau 7%).
- chlorine-muaj fibers, lavsan, spandex (hygroscopicity ntawm 0.5 txog 1.5%).
Yog li hygroscopicity yog dab tsi? Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb heev rau lub caij ntuj sov khaub ncaws thiab cov khaub ncaws kis las, txij li lub cev thiab huab cua kub nce ntxiv ua rau muaj kev tawm hws ntau heev, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev tsis xis nyob rau tib neeg. Nws yog qhov siab hygroscopicity ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khaub ncaws tsim uas tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau. Rau cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov ris tsho hauv qab, cov cuab yeej no kuj yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Tom qabThaum cov ntaub so ntswg tau ua tiav, nws lub peev xwm nqus thiab tso tawm cov dej molecules yog txo qis. Txhua impregnation uas txo wrinkling tiv thaiv shrinkage. Kho dyes yuav inevitably ua rau txo qis hauv hygroscopicity.
Zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias hygroscopicity yog qhov zoo. Yog lawm, nws ua kom yooj yim rau tib neeg kom tiv taus cua sov, thiab rau cov neeg ncaws pob ua kev tawm dag zog hauv cov xwm txheej zoo. Tab sis cov dej noo ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua mob rau qee cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm noo noo, qee cov ntaub tuaj yeem deformed, piv txwv li, knitwear. Ntawm qhov me me, txoj hmoo no tuaj yeem tshwm sim qee yam teeb meem ntawm cov av noo siab. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm hais nrog qhov tseeb tias hygroscopicity yog ib qho ntxiv.
