Cov lus nug tsis ncaj hauv lus Askiv tsuas tuaj yeem raug hu ua xws li. Lawv grammatically sib xws rau cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus ncaj qha, thiab tsuas yog qhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev thov hauv nws. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov lus nug sib raug rau kab lus lees paub. Cov kev tsim kho zoo li no yog siv hauv kev hais lus tsis ncaj. Cov lus nug tsis suav nrog. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm verbs, pronouns, adjectives thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus hloov raws li tib txoj cai raws li rau indirect nqe lus. Xav txog cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev kawm, nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv.
Piv txwv ntawm cov lus qhia txog kev tsim cov lus nug tsis ncaj
Qhov kev tsim qauv sau ntawv no tsuas yog siv rau kev rov hais dua, lossis ua kom muaj lus nug zoo. Hauv qhov no, muaj tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia ua ntej uas tsim cov lus nug tsis ncaj.
Can / koj puas qhia kuv? - Koj puas tuaj yeem qhia kuv?
Examples:
koj mus qhov twg?
Koj puas tuaj yeem qhia kuv tias koj yuav mus qhov twg?
Koj mus qhov twg? - Koj puas tuaj yeem qhia kuv tias koj yuav mus qhov twg?
Vim li cas tus ntxhais quaj?
Koj puas paub yog vim li cas tus ntxhais quaj?
Vim li cas tus ntxhais quaj? - Koj puas paub vim li cas tus ntxhais quaj?
Nws pib ua haujlwm thaum twg?
Kuv tuaj yeem nug koj thaum nws pib ua haujlwm?
Thaum twg nws yuav pib ua haujlwm? - Kuv tuaj yeem nug koj thaum nws pib?
txoj cai dav dav rau hloov cov lus nug ncaj qha mus rau cov lus nug tsis ncaj
Ib nqe lus nug ncaj qha yuav tsum tau ua, ua, ua, ua, lossis ib lo lus nug uas, leej twg, uas, vim li cas, thaum, pes tsawg, ntev npaum li cas. Indirect yog tsim txawv. Nws tsis siv cov lus txhawb nqa. Cov lus nug kuj tseem ua raws li kab lus ncaj qha. Yog tias tsis muaj, ces qhov sib txuas seb puas los yog yog qhia tau. Cov lus nug ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam txog kev ua raws li cov cai rau kev sib koom tes thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Txhawm rau tsim qhov kawg, thawj ntu ntawm kab lus yog qhia nrog cov lus qhia xws li nug, xav, nug, xav paub thiab nyiam.
Examples:
Nws ntaus tau?
Nws nug seb nws puas tuaj yeem ntaus.
Nws ntaus tau? - Nws nug seb nws puas tuaj yeem ntaus.
Puas yog nag?
Nws nug yog tias nag los nag.
Nyobnag. - Nws nug tias nag los nag.
chaw nres tsheb npav nyob qhov twg?
Tus tub nug tias chaw nres tsheb npav nyob qhov twg.
chaw nres tsheb npav nyob qhov twg? - Tus txiv neej nug qhov chaw nres tsheb npav nyob qhov twg.
Summarizing cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm peb yam hauv qab no ntawm kev tsim cov lus nug tsis ncaj:
- Kev nthuav qhia kab lus pib thaum pib.
- Drect word order by affirmative kab lus.
- No auxiliary verbs do, did, does.
Cia peb xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm kev hloov cov lus nug dav dav thiab cov lus nug tshwj xeeb rau hauv ib qho tsis ncaj. Cov qub tau nkag mus rau hauv kab lus nrog cov lus sib txuas yog tias lossis seb, thaum kawg xav tau lo lus nug (vim li cas, qhov twg, ua li cas, thaum twg, thiab lwm yam).
Hloov cov lus nug dav dav thiab lwm cov lus nug rau hauv cov lus nug tsis ncaj
Cov lus nug no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia pab, uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov pib ntawm kab lus. Lawv txhais tau tias "Yes" lossis "Tsis yog". Txhawm rau hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov lus nug tsis ncaj, kab lus qhia, yog / seb puas yog kev sib txuas, kev txiav txim ncaj qha, thiab tsis siv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
Examples:
Koj puas muaj smartphone?
Nws nug tias kuv puas muaj smartphone.
Koj puas muaj smartphone? - Nws nug seb kuv puas muaj smartphone.
Koj puas tuaj tsheb npav?
Nws nug seb kuv puas tuaj tsheb npav.
Koj puas tuaj ntawm tsheb npav? - Nws nug tias kuv tuaj los ntawm tsheb npav.
Koj puas tau mus Paris ua ntej?
Nws nug tias kuv puas tau mus Paris ua ntej.
Koj twb nyob hauvParis? - Nws nug tias kuv puas tau mus Paris ua ntej.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus nug ad hoc rau cov lus nug tsis ncaj
hom lus nug no hloov pauv los ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia, lo lus nug thiab hwm cov lus ncaj qha hauv kab lus.
Examples:
"Koj tus kwv muaj pes tsawg xyoo?", nws nug.
Nws nug nws tus tij laug hnub nyoog pes tsawg.
“koj tus kwv muaj pes tsawg xyoo? nws nug. - Nws nug nws tus tij laug hnub nyoog pes tsawg.
"Peb tuaj yeem noj tshais thaum twg?", nws nug.
Nws nug thaum lawv noj tshais.
Nws nug, "Thaum twg peb tuaj yeem noj tshais?" - Nws nug thaum twg lawv tuaj yeem noj tshais.
Joanne hais rau Maivliag, "Vim li cas koj nkees?"
Joanne nug Mary vim li cas nws nkees heev.
Joanna hais rau Marie, "Vim li cas koj nkees?" - Joan nug Marie vim li cas nws nkees heev.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub sijhawm hauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees
Txij li cov lus nug tsis ncaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev piav qhia lossis rov hais dua, yog tias tsim nyog, cov cai rau kev sib koom tes tau raug pom zoo, zoo li thaum hloov mus rau kev hais lus tsis ncaj. Cov qauv hloov dua siab tshiab tsim rau qhov no yuav tsum tau ua raws. Lawv dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias indirect lus nug yog indented ib zaug rov qab mus rau yav dhau los nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lus nrog Present Simple / Nruam / Perfect (Tam sim no Simple / Nruam / Tiav) Past Simple / Nruam / Perfect (Past Simple / Nruam / Tiav) yog siv. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thawj yav dhau los, Past Perfect yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kab lus tsis ncaj (yav tas loslub sijhawm ua tiav). Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej yav tom ntej, peb siv cov kev cai siv yav tom ntej nyob rau yav dhau los.
Examples:
Nws nug, "Koj saib dab tsi?"
Nws nug kuv saib dab tsi.
Nws nug, "Koj saib dab tsi?" - Nws nug kuv saib dab tsi.
Nws nug, "Hnub no koj mus qhov twg?"
Nws nug tias nag hmo kuv mus qhov twg.
Nws nug, "Hnub no koj nyob qhov twg?" - Nws nug tias nag hmo kuv nyob qhov twg.
Cov lus nug tsis ncaj hauv lus Askiv nthuav dav qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus, kev xav ntawm kev xav thiab kev siv cov qauv grammatical. Lawv hais lus zoo dua, thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm piav tau ntau dua lossis rov hais dua cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kheej lub npe lossis tus neeg thib peb.
