Hauv kev tsim kho, kev lag luam thiab qee thaj chaw ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, ib tus tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kev siv cov khoom siv hlau. Ntxiv mus, tib cov hlau, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev siv, nthuav tawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem doping. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas cov khoom ua haujlwm yooj yim tau txais cov txiaj ntsig tshiab lossis txhim kho raws li cov yam ntxwv uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nquag, cov khoom siv alloying uas ua rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab lub cev hloov pauv cov qauv hlau.
Main alloying ntsiab
Carbon muaj qhov zoo tab sis tsis meej pem hauv cov txheej txheem alloying. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws cov concentration hauv cov qauv hlau ntawm li 1.2% ua rau muaj kev nce hauv lub zog, hardness thiab qib txias brittleness, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj txo cov thermal conductivity thiab ntom ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis txawm tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Zoo li tag nrho cov ntsiab lus alloying, nws yog ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm kev siv technology nyob rau hauv muaj zog kub cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov impurities thiab cov khoom nquag tseem nyob hauv cov qauv tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog carbon tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov hlauthiab nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv xav tau ntawm cov khoom kawg, cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab seb puas yuav kho cov hlau los yog tswj nws qhov zoo tam sim no. Ntawd yog, lawv sib txawv cov ntsiab lus carbon los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb alloying.
Tsis tas li, silicon thiab manganese tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying. Tus thawj yog nkag mus rau hauv lub hom phiaj qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus feem pua (tsis ntau tshaj 0.4%) thiab tsis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ntxim rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm lub workpiece. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no, zoo li manganese, yog qhov tseem ceeb ua cov khoom deoxidizing thiab khi. Cov khoom no ntawm alloying ntsiab txiav txim siab lub hauv paus kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv, uas, txawm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm alloying, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus organically perceive lwm yam, twb active ntsiab thiab impurities.
Pab cov khoom siv alloying
Cov khoom no feem ntau suav nrog titanium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov txuas no yog molybdenum, uas feem ntau siv hauv chromium steels. Tshwj xeeb, nrog nws cov kev pab, lub hardenability ntawm cov hlau yog nce, thiab lub txias brittleness pib kuj txo. Siv tau rau kev tsim cov qib steel thiab siv cov khoom molybdenum. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus alloying zoo hauv cov hlau uas muab lub zog zoo li qub thiab zoo li qub rau cov hlau thaum tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm oxidation sab hauv. Raws li rau titanium, nws yog siv tsis tu ncua thiab tsuas yog ib txoj hauj lwm - kev sib tsoo ntawm cov qauv nplej hauv chromium-manganese alloys. Cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem raug hu ua hom phiajcalcium thiab lead. Lawv yog siv rau cov hlau blanks, uas yog tom qab raug rau kev txiav ua haujlwm.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying
Ntxiv rau qhov kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying rau hauv lub ntsiab thiab pabcuam, lwm yam, cov cim qhia tseeb ntawm qhov sib txawv kuj tau siv. Piv txwv li, raws li cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau, cov ntsiab lus tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Influencing tsim carbides.
- Nrog polymorphic transformations.
- Nrog kev tsim ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog tias nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm peb qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm cov khoom ntawm intermetallic tebchaw kuj nyob ntawm txawv teb chaws impurities. Piv txwv li, qhov concentration ntawm tib cov pa roj carbon lossis hlau tuaj yeem muaj nqi. Kuj tseem muaj kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv polymorphic raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus yog qhov txawv uas tso cai rau muaj cov alloyed ferrite nyob rau hauv cov hlau, nrog rau lawv cov analogues, uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo austenite, tsis hais qhov kub thiab txias..
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm alloying ntawm alloys thiab steels
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog lub cev zoo uas txiav txim siab cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv. Alloying hauv qhov no tso cai rau koj kom muaj zog, ductility, hardenability thiab hardness. Lwm qhov kev taw qhia zookev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying yog los txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog tsim nyog hais txog tej yam kuj, liab hardness, tshav kub kuj thiab ib tug siab pib ntawm corrosion puas. Rau qee qhov kev siv, cov hlau kuj tau npaj rau hauv tus account electrochemical zoo. Hauv qhov no, cov ntsiab lus alloying tuaj yeem siv los ua kom muaj hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, oxidation tsis kam, sib nqus permeability, thiab lwm yam.
Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj tsis huv
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo yog phosphorus thiab sulfur. Raws li phosphorus, thaum ua ke nrog hlau, nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov nplej zom uas tau khaws cia tom qab alloying. Yog li ntawd, lub resulting alloy poob ib tug high degree ntawm ntom, thiab kuj endowed nrog brittleness. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide kuj muab cov yam ntxwv zoo, txhim kho cov txheej txheem nti sib cais. Qhov kev ua tau zoo no pab txhawb cov txheej txheem machining. Sulfur, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib yam khoom txaus ntshai. Yog hais tias tus cuam tshuam ntawm alloying ntsiab ntawm hlau tag nrho yog npaj los txhim kho cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom mus rau sab nraud influences, ces qhov no admixture theem tawm cov pab pawg neeg zoo. Piv txwv li, nws cov concentration siab hauv cov qauv ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, txo cov hlau qaug zog thiab txo qis ntawm corrosion kuj.
Alloying thev naus laus zis
Feem ntau, alloying yog ua nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm metallurgical ntau lawm thiab sawv cev rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm ntxivcov ntsiab lus tau tham saum toj no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho cua sov, cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib tus neeg, nrog rau deformations, tshwm sim hauv cov qauv. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus alloying ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hlau zoo.
Zoo kawg
Alloying yog txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Nws complexity mas yog nyob rau hauv thawj xaiv ntawm pom zaub mov txawv kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm workpiece zog. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tsis meej. Tib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem, piv txwv li, ib txhij txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab degrade nws thermal conductivity. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij yog tsim kom muaj kev sib tw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yuav ua rau cov hlau los yog cov qauv siv tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
