Bronze Age - luv luv txog kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab

Bronze Age - luv luv txog kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab
Bronze Age - luv luv txog kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab
Anonim

Hnub Nyoog Kawg yog lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm Hnub Nyoog Hlau. Nws suav nrog ntau pua xyoo los ntawm XXV mus rau XI BC. thiab conditionally muab faib ua peb theem:

  • Early - XXV to XVII centuries..
  • Medium - 17th to 15th centuries
  • Late - XV to IX centuries.

Lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev yos hav zoov, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov neeg thaum ub tuaj rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev smelting tooj liab ore hauv metallurgical txoj kev.

Hnub nyoog Bronze
Hnub nyoog Bronze

Bronze yog thawj cov hlau tau los ntawm alloying tin thiab tooj liab, feem ntau nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm antimony los yog arsenic, thiab surpassed mos tooj liab nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom: lub melting point ntawm tooj liab yog 1000 ° C, thiab bronze yog txog 900 °. C. Xws li qhov kub thiab txias tau tiav nyob rau hauv me me crucible furnaces nrog ib tug ntse hauv qab thiab tuab phab ntsa. Pwm rau cov cuab yeej casting thiab cov cuab yeej yos hav zoov tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb mos, thiab cov hlau ua kua yog nchuav nrog cov av nplaum.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tooj liab casting coj mus rau kev txhim kho hauv cov khoom tsim tau: qee pawg neeg yug yaj tau hloov mus rau kev coj noj coj ua, thaum cov neeg nyob qis qis txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab hloov mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb, uas yog qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov pab pawg.

Culture ntawm Bronze Age
Culture ntawm Bronze Age

Ntxiv mus, kab lis kev cai ntawm Hnub Nyoog Kawg pib hloov: kev sib raug zoo ntawm yawg koob tau tsim hauv tsev neeg - lub zog ntawm cov neeg laus muaj zog, lub luag haujlwm thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm tus txiv hauv tsev neeg muaj zog. Cov tim khawv yog ib khub niam txiv faus nrog ib tug poj niam txoj kev tuag.

Kev sib cais ntawm tib neeg pib, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj thiab cov neeg pluag tau loj dua: cov tsev loj ntau chav nrog cov qauv pom tseeb tshwm sim, cov chaw nplua nuj loj tuaj, tsom rau cov me me nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Maj mam nthuav dav, lawv tsim thawj lub nroog uas kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv tes ua tau nquag txhim kho, thiab kev sau ntawv tau yug los hauv Bronze Age. Nov yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb heev.

Daim duab kos duab ntawm Bronze Age tau tsim nrog rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm: pob zeb kos duab tau txais qhov tseeb, nruj cov qauv, thiab cov qauv duab geometric tau hloov los ntawm cov yeeb yuj kos duab ntawm cov tsiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm no, duab puab, ornaments (hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev), thiab cov duab kos duab tau tshwm sim. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ornaments uas ib tug cim pictorial lus tshwm, uas txhua xeem muaj nws tus kheej. Ornamental painting muaj lub cim ntawm amulets: lawv tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha rau zaub mov los ntawm dab phem, nyiam abundance, muab kev noj qab haus huv rau tsev neeg.

Cov duab nto moo ntawm Karakol yog qhov nthuav dav, piav qhia txog cov tsiaj txawv txawv, uas nws cov duab tsiaj thiab tib neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho lub ntsej muag thiab qhov profile hauv tib neeg cov duab coj cov duab no los ze zog rau kev kos duab Egyptian thaum ub - tag nrho cov duab no tau cuam tshuam.cosmogonic lub tswv yim ntawm ancients hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus txiv neej, hais txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg thiab vajtswv thaum lub sij hawm hloov mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov neeg tuag. Xws li cov duab kos tau ua xim dub, dawb thiab xim liab rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv faus, thiab cov duab kos xim liab tau pom ntawm cov pob txha taub hau ntawm cov neeg tuag.

Art of the Bronze Age
Art of the Bronze Age

Ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, cov neeg thaum ub tau kawm yuav ua li cas cam khwb cia thiab forged bronze, kub tooj liab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog chasing, pob zeb, pob txha, tawv thiab plhaub.

Hnub Nyoog Kawg yog lub hauv paus ntawm Hnub Nyoog Hlau, uas tau tsa kev vam meej mus rau qib siab ntawm kev loj hlob.

Pom zoo: