Cov xwm txheej niaj hnub nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine, tag nrho ntawm kev xwm txheej thiab kev hem thawj los tsim kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tub rog, ua pov thawj tias cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw sib txawv ntawm lub tebchaws no muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm nom tswv. cov xwm txheej yav dhau los. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej yooj yim rau qhov txwv, ces nws tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog kev sib cav ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob thiab cov neeg nyiam Lavxias. Sab laug-bank thiab sab xis-bank Ukraine saib yav tom ntej lub xeev kev cia siab txawv. Xws li kev ua kom yooj yim ntawm daim duab uas twb muaj lawm qhia tawm tsuas yog cov qauv dav dav, hauv lub neej tiag tiag txhua yam yog qhov nyuaj dua.
Sib txawv Ukraine
Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm "Tebchaws Europe xaiv" thiab kev quab yuam kom muaj zog ntawm lub xeev unitary nyob tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lviv thiab Lutsk, lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Nikolaev, Kherson, Odessa, Kharkov thiab txawm Donetsk, tag nrho cov lus nug yog ntau ntau predominance. ntawm cov nqa ntawm qee yam kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv. Tab sis hauv ntiaj teb no tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim li ntawd. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ua siab phem rau Russia nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb (thiab ntau zaus) tshaj li feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb.cheeb tsam. Ukrainians saib mus rau yav dhau los txawv, vam khom cov kev cai ntawm tsev neeg kev kawm thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xaiv tsa ua pov thawj tias sab laug-bank Ukraine, tsis hais txog Crimea, tsis yog raws li kev cog lus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke nrog ib lub xeev cov lus thiab European vector ntawm kev loj hlob raws li cov neeg nyob hauv. thaj tsam sab hnub poob. Vim li cas thiaj tshwm sim?
Nyob hauv tebchaws Poland
Kev faib cov neeg Lavxias mus rau cov neeg Lavxias thiab Ukrainians yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukrainian. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yuav tsum tau nrhiav nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntev uas tshwm sim txawm tias ua ntej lub annexation ntawm sab laug-bank Ukraine rau Russia.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, muaj Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, uas xaus kev koom tes (uniy) nrog Poland. Nws yog nyob rau hauv 1385, thiab tom qab 184 xyoo nyob rau hauv Lublin (1569) lwm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tau kos npe, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug tib lub xeev tau tsim - lub Commonwe alth. Nws kuj suav nrog thaj chaw uas yog ib feem ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine. Lub colonization ntawm cov av tshiab tau pib, nrog rau tag nrho cov cim ntawm kev tsim txom thiab kev ua qhev ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Sab laug-bank Ukraine, populated tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg Orthodox, raug kev lag luam thiab kev cai dab qhuas repressions. Kuj tseem muaj kev tawm tsam, tab sis lawv tau ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Cossacks
Oddly txaus, lub tswv yim heev ntawm kev tsim ciam teb nyob nrog txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub neej thiabCov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam qub tau koom nrog Poles. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam zoo li no tau raug zam los ntawm ntau cov se rau kev ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kab uas tau tso siab rau lawv, thiab lawv cov neeg nyob tau sawv hauv chav tshwj xeeb. Li no lub npe keeb kwm "Ukraine", uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xyoo thaum Poland raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Tatar raids nyob rau hauv nws cheeb tsam yav qab teb. Tus tsim ntawm Cossacks yog ob tug txwj laus, Predislav Lyanskoronsky (los ntawm Khmelnitsk) thiab Evstafiy Dashkovich (los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kanev thiab Cherkasy). Cov kev tsim ua tub rog tau ua tiav kev tawm tsam ntawm "infidels", feem ntau tig mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam thiab ua kev tawm tsam sib sib zog nqus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub nraub qaum. Ib qho kev txhawb siab tseem ceeb rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Ottoman thaj chaw yog cov khoom siv booty. Lub Cossacks tau txais kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Tsis yooj yim Zaporozhian Sich
Lub neej ntawm Zaporizhzhya freemen tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Poland. Cov cheeb tsam no tau tswj tsis tau tiag tiag, thiab Hetman Dimitry Vyshnevetsky, tsis tau piav qhia nws lub hom phiaj, txhawb nqa cov kob ntawm Khortitsa hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Cossacks rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Lub Tebchaws, qhov chaw tshiab ntawm thaj chaw pib ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub xeev. Lub caij no, Cossacks 'kev npaj rau kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm kev ywj pheej txuas ntxiv mus txog rau xyoo pua 17th, zoo li tau tsim kev ua tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm Cossacks thiab Muscovy, uas cov Ukrainians muaj kev sib raug zoo, ob leeg hlwb thiab kev ntseeg.
pib ua tsov ua rog rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine
Kev tawm tsam Polish tau pibNyob rau hauv 1648, nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub "golden Polish xyoo caum", uas tau dhau los tom qab cov ntshav tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tsis txaus siab. Thaum muaj kev tsov rog tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Bogdan Khmelnitsky, sab laug-bank Ukraine sib cais los ntawm Lub Tebchaws, thiab lub xeev tshiab tau tshwm sim, nrog cov kev cai ywj pheej tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - Hetmanate. Muaj ib qho teeb meem xwb, tab sis ib qho loj heev. Cov Ukrainians tsis muaj peev txheej tub rog thiab nyiaj txiag txaus los tawm tsam cov Poles.
Tsov rog mus tau rau xyoo, ntshav thiab qaug zog. Thaum pib ntawm 1654, ib tsab ntawv tau kos npe nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Pereyaslavl, documenting lub annexation ntawm sab laug-bank Ukraine rau Russia. Muscovy tau txais thaj chaw tshiab, uas yog lub tebchaws Kyiv, Bratslav thiab Chernigov, xav tias nws yog ib feem ntawm lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm txhua tus yeeb ncuab. Kev tshaj tawm tam sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog rau Poland ua raws.
Left-Bank Ukraine hauv Russia (1667)
Tom qab 12 xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev sib txawv, cov tub rog Lavxias-Ukrainian tseem yeej. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Andrusovo truce ntawm 1667, lub Polish sab raug yuam kom paub lub annexation ntawm sab laug-bank Ukraine mus rau Moscow lub nceeg vaj (thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Smolensk thiab tam sim no-hnub Belarus, ces Lithuanian thaj chaw). Qhov kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb no hu ua "nyob mus ib txhis" hauv kev cog lus, thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Russia hla Kyiv, raws li nws cov ntsiab lus, tsis raug nug.
Left bank, right bank…
Lub siab xav tsis yog siv tau rau keeb kwm, tab sis nco ntsoov txogQhov tseeb hais tias sab laug-bank Ukraine tau annexed rau Russia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas hem lub hav zoov ntawm Ukrainian neeg, txawm li cas los raws li nram no. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tsoom fwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws raws li ib tug centralized lub xeev raug yuam kom coj kev ntsuas uas niaj hnub no yuav hu ua unpopular. Tshwj xeeb, Zaporozhian Sich, tau ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj keeb kwm, raug tshem tawm los ntawm Catherine II. Cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog ib lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Ntau tshaj li peb thiab ib nrab ib-paus xyoo, nyob ua ib feem ntawm Russia, keeb kwm tsim ib txoj kev xav, uas txawv ntawm cov pro-Western lub siab lub ntsws tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm lub cheeb tsam annexed nyob rau hauv 1939. Sab laug-bank Ukraine txawv ntawm txoj cai-bank ib. Kev tsis txaus siab xav nrog qhov tseeb no ua rau muaj ntau yam xwm txheej tib neeg…
