Cov tub rog Ussuri Cossack yog tus yau tshaj hauv kev sib piv nrog Don, Kuban thiab Orenburg. Nws muaj cov neeg los ntawm ntau cov tub rog Cossack, uas yog, Ussuri yog keeb kwm ntawm Cossacks. Lawv thaj chaw nyob yog thaj chaw ntawm Ussuri thiab Sungari Rivers. Lub creation ntawm pab tub rog yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm sab hnub tuaj av. Lub hom phiaj tseem yog tib yam - kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Lub hauv paus tub rog nyob hauv nroog Vladivostok.
Tsim ib pab tub rog. Keeb kwm
Cov tub rog Ussuri Cossack tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1889. Peb caug-plaub xyoo ua ntej ntawd, rau xya xyoo, los ntawm 1855 txog 1862, tam sim ntawd tom qab kos npe rau ntawm Beijing thiab Aigun treaties, ntau tshaj 16 txhiab Transbaikalians tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hais haum, nrog rau Cossacks los ntawm lub hauv paus xeev uas tau cog lus tseg. ua txhaum cai. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tub rog Transbaikal tau tsim plaub xyoos ua ntej Ussuri, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov chaw no los ntawm Cossacks pib.ua ntej ntau.
Lawv tau tshwm sim hauv Transbaikalia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tau nyob, ua cov zos thiab cov nroog. Tsoom fwv npaj yuav siv thaj av no kom txav cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Ussuri River. Nws yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau kev nce mus rau Far East.
Nrog kev koom tes ntawm Cossacks hauv Primorye, 96 lub zos thiab cov chaw nyob tau tsim. Ncaj nraim ntawm tus dej Ussuri muaj 29 lub zos. Xyoo 1889, Txoj Cai Tsim Kho ntawm Ussuri Cossack Host tau pom zoo. Nws muaj 6 stanitsa koog tsev kawm ntawv - Bikinsky, Glenovsky, Grodekovsky, Donskoy, Platono-Aleksandrovsky, Poltava. Ussuri, Orenburg, Don thiab lwm yam Cossacks tau txais rau hauv nws.
Xyoo 1891, kev tsim kho ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway pib, uas ncav cuag lub nroog Miass, Chelyabinsk Thaj Chaw, mus rau Vladivostok. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1890s, ib tug tshiab resettlement pib, nws lub hom phiaj yog los xyuas kom meej kev tiv thaiv ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway. Txog xyoo 1899, ntau tshaj 5 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Cossack los ntawm Transbaikalia, Don thiab Orenburg cheeb tsam tuaj txog hauv Ussuri Territory.
Symbols ntawm Ussuri Cossacks
Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Ussuri Cossack tub rog yog ib tug azure St. Andrew tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv ib tug silver shield, tshaj uas ib tug golden tsov yog depicted. Saum toj no, nyob rau hauv ib tug scarlet teb, lub nce lub cim ntawm Russia yog ib tug ob-headed dav dawb hau. Hauv qab daim thaiv npog yog hla kub-xim ataman notches. Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog bordered nrog ib tug txiv kab ntxwv-daj ribbon, nrog ib tug silver ciam teb. Tus chij yog ib daim ntaub ntsuab, ciam teb los ntawm ib tug txiv kab ntxwv ribbon, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas nyoblub tsho tiv no.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Ussuri Cossacks thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Thaum tsim lub zos, Cossacks ntawm Ussuri Cossack pab tub rog ib txhij ua haujlwm ntawm ciam teb, xa ntawv, thiab tiv thaiv kev ua tub ceev xwm. Xyoo 1905, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog tau yuam nws tawm ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam ib txwm muaj thiab coj mus ua tub rog. Nws yog kim heev rau tsev neeg, txij li thaum Cossacks feem ntau cov neeg pluag, muaj ib tug nees nyob rau hauv lawv tsev neeg, uas yog ib tug breadwinner nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, thiab ib tug sib ntaus sib tua phooj ywg nyob rau hauv tsov rog. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog Don lossis Kuban Cossacks, uas lawv tiam neeg tau mus rau kev sib tw lossis kev tawm tsam thiab coj cov khoom nplua nuj hauv tsev.
Yog tias cov tub rog niaj hnub tau muab txhua yam tsim nyog, ces Cossacks ntawm Ussuri Cossack tub rog yuav tsum tau yuav khaub ncaws, mos txwv, nees ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nqi, ntau tus neeg ua tsis tau. Kwv yees li ntawm ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Cossacks yog 33 rubles ib xyoo, thiab tus nqi ntawm ib tug ua tiav ib pab tub rog, nrog rau ib tug nees, yog 330 rubles. Tsoomfwv, paub txog qhov no, txij li xyoo 1904 tau them nyiaj rau Cossacks nyiaj ntsuab ntawm 100 rubles rau kev yuav khoom.
Txhua cov nuj nqis rau kev tau txais cov khoom nyiam thiab cov khoom seem tau ua los ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub txhab nyiaj. Xyoo 1905, cov nyiaj tau muab faib los them rov qab cov nuj nqis rau cov khaub ncaws poob lossis hnav tsis zoo rau cov chav sib ntaus sib tua, ces ib qho nyiaj tau faib rau kev yuav cov tsho tawv yaj. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no tau txais kev txhawb nqa ib nrab los ntawm cov tsev neeg ntawm Cossacks. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv 1901, 14,700 Cossacks nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov tub rog, nyob rau hauv 1917 - 44.340 tus neeg, suav nrog 33,800 Cossacks.
Kev Koom Tes Hauv Nyij Pooj Xyoo 1905
Kev koom ua tsov rog xyoo 1904-1905 yog thawj qhov kev sim loj, ua ntej cov Cossacks yuav tsum tau sib cav tsuas yog nrog cov neeg laib ntawm Khunguz, uas nkag mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj mus nyiag. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam, kev koom tes ntawm Ussuri hauv kev ua phem tau ua tiav, tab sis los ntawm kev xav txog kev lag luam hauv zej zog, kev ua tsov rog tau muab lub nra hnyav heev rau cov tsev neeg ntawm Cossacks, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov nyiaj txiag.
Kev swb ntawm Russia hauv kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo 1904-1905 yog vim muaj ntau yam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua phem ntawm kev ua phem, kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab uas tau hnov zoo heev nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw., cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab qhov qis qis ntawm cov tub rog rog. Qhov no coj mus rau lub fact tias lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb poob rau lub Far Eastern Cossacks, uas tau koom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hauj lwm loj. Lawv cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev tsis zoo rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, ceg txheem ntseeg tau muab tso rau ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua. Thiab cov Cossacks tau tso tseg nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ciam teb.
Kev Koom Tes Hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I
Hauv xyoo 1906, Ussuri platoon tau sib sau ua ke, uas yog ib feem ntawm plaub puas ntawm kev sib koom ua ke Life Guards Cossack regiment. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob ntawm xyoo 1914, Ussuri tub rog tau tsim, nws suav nrog 4 cov tub rog, suav nrog Ussuri. Xyoo 1916, cov tub rog tau rov tsim kho rau hauv Ussuri Cavalry Division,nws suav nrog plaub txoj haujlwm, ob chav faib thiab ib lub roj teeb. Tus thawj coj faib yog General Krymov. Nws yog ib feem ntawm 3rd Corps, txib los ntawm Count Keller. Tus ataman ntawm Ussuri Cossack tub rog yog Major General Kalmykov.
Lawv tawm tsam ntawm Romanian, Northwestern, sab qaum teb. General Wrangel, uas tau ua tus thawj coj hauv pawg, tau qhia Ussuri ua siab tawv Cossacks mob siab rau lawv Niam. General Krymov kuj tau hais lus zoo txog Ussuri Cossacks.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm Cossacks thiab kev tawm tsam
Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, kev sib cais tau tshwm sim ntawm cov chav kawm Cossack, uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm Cossacks txhawb nqa lub zog ntawm Bolsheviks, lwm qhov, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ataman Kalmykov, tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog Ussuri Cossack tau tso tseg. Feem ntau ntawm Cossacks mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Manchuria. Lub Bolsheviks txiav txim siab tshem tawm Cossack vaj tse.
Ussuri Cossacks tsis tau dim kev tsuj ntawm 30s. Thawj nthwv dej yog kev pov tseg. Nws ntaus cov tsev neeg Cossack uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, lawv raug ntiab tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev, lawv cov khoom raug muab tshem tawm. Kev koom tes hauv Civil War raug ntes. Qhov thib ob nthwv dej yog passportization thiab sau npe ntawm cov pej xeem. Ntawm no, Cossacks nyob rau hauv lub countryside raug tsis kam lees daim ntawv hla tebchaws, uas ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm pej xeem txoj cai. Lub nthwv dej thib peb, nyob rau hauv uas cov Ussurians poob, dhau xyoo 1939. Nov yog kev ntiab tawm ntawm qhov tsis ntseeg.
Cov qauv ntawm Cossack haiv neeg niaj hnub no
Hnub no muaj Ussuri Tub Rog Cossack Society, lub charter uas tau pom zoo los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia rau 1997-17-06. Cov tub rog muaj 8 koog tsev kawm ntawv Cossack societies. Cov no yog cov koom pheej ntawm Sakha (Yakutia), thaj chaw ntawm Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Kamchatsky, thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg Yudais, thaj tsam ntawm Magadan, Sakhalin, Amur.
Tag nrho 5588 tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 56 Cossack societies, uas 7 yog nroog, 45 yog stanitsa, thiab 4 yog cov zej zog ua liaj ua teb, muaj 4 lub tsev kawm ntawv cadet nyob rau hauv Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Yakutsk thiab Blagoveshchensk.
