Muaj cov suab suab hauv txhua lo lus ntawm Lavxias. Kev faib cov suab lus yog kawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv universities. Cov ntaub ntawv muab rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm philology. Ua tsaug rau nws, lawv tuaj yeem paub txog lub hauv paus ntawm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Kab lus kuj muaj qee qhov tseeb txog cov lus hais.
Phonetics thiab linguistics. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Linguistics (Linguistics) yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog ib hom lus, nrog rau nws txoj haujlwm, cov qauv sab hauv thiab cov qauv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Linguistics muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau lwm yam hauv lub neej thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txhua tus neeg lub neej. Linguistics yog intertwined nrog keeb kwm, archaeology, ethnography, literary criticism, psychology, physiology, anthropology, thiab philosophy.
Cov ntawv yog kawm los ntawm phonetics. Kev faib cov vowels, consonants yog nthuav nyob rau hauv seem noKev tshawb fawb. Phonetics, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, kuj kawm cov suab lus, suab sib txuas thiab cov qauv ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Nws tsim tau txuas nrog qhov xav tau los qhia cov lag ntseg thiab ruam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, qhov pib ntawm acoustic txoj kev xav ntawm vowels twb nteg.
Vaj
Kev faib cov suab lus Lavxias yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws paub lus Askiv. Lawv pib kawm nws tom tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kev qhia ntxaws ntxiv tsuas yog muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Philology xwb. Vowels yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom suab, thaum lub sij hawm articulation ntawm cov huab cua tsis ntsib teeb meem loj. Tias yog vim li cas tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsim los ntawm lub larynx.
Acoustic articulation of vowels yog nthuav tawm raws li lub sijhawm vibrations. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov suab thiab cov suab sib txawv ntawm ntau yam nta uas tau piav qhia hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm articulation yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov cov duab ntawm lub resonator. Muaj 10 tus nqe lus hauv Lavxias.
Vaj lus vim yog acoustic articulation kuj hu ua suab paj nruag. Lawv kuj txhais tau tias cov ntawv uas muaj suab tib yam. Hauv qhov no, lo lus "vowel sounds" yog siv.
Signs of vowels
Vaj thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm muaj ntau yam uas tau lees paub. Txhua tus paub lus Askiv yeej paub txog lawv. Peb tsab xov xwm piav txog qee qhov ntawm lawv:
- thawj kos npe yog nce. Nws yog txuam nrog ntsuglub cev ntawm tus nplaig. Plaub hom kev nqa tau paub: sab saud; nruab nrab-sab sauv; nruab nrab-qis; qis. Tsis yog txhua hom lus muaj txhua hom kev nqa. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsuas muaj ib qho ntawm nruab nrab nce.
- Lwm lub cim yog kab. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus nplaig thaum articulation. Muaj peb kab: pem hauv ntej; nruab nrab; rov qab.
- Labialization ntawm vowels muaj feem xyuam rau qhov chaw ntawm daim di ncauj. Piv txwv li, lub suab sib npaug yog qhia los ntawm rub daim di ncauj rau pem hauv ntej.
- Phonation is related to the vocal cords.
Acoustic faib cov vowels
Txhua lub suab suab yog tsim los ntawm lub suab nrov. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab thiab tsis ntxhov siab. Nws nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv ib lo lus tshwj xeeb. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov suab npe hu ua muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog. Hauv qhov thib ob, cov suab nrov yog luv luv hauv suab. Lawv lub suab tsis xav tau qhov nro ntawm lub suab qaum. Muaj zog vowels suab ntev. Thaum hais lawv, koj yuav tau strain koj lub suab.
Vaj suab nrov yog tus yam ntxwv tsis txawv ntawm tus kheej. Nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau lub siab lub ntsws ntawm tus neeg hais lus lossis lub ntsiab lus grammatical ntawm ib kab lus lossis kab lus. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lawv yog interrogative, ces tus vowel uas nqa lub loj tshaj semantic load yog pronounced nrog lub suab siab dua.
Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kawm lus Lavxias teb sab
Kev faib cov vowels thiab consonants plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm lus Lavxias. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau siv ntxivntaub ntawv hauv kev qhia. Qhov no tsis yog coincidence, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm phonetics nyob rau hauv tag nrho, koj xav tau ntau lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab. Yog tsis muaj kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, kev kawm zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Peb tsab xov xwm teev cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws uas nthuav qhia kev faib cov suab thiab cov lus.
Phau ntawv "Phonetics ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus", tus sau uas yog Bulanin L. L., muab cov kev paub ntawm kev piav qhia cov lus Lavxias raws li cov lus qhia dav dav thiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm L. V. Shcherba. Tsab ntawv no yog phau ntawv qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Philology. Phau ntawv nthuav qhia cov chav kawm theoretical ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Nws muaj cuaj tshooj.
"Lavxias teb sab lus. Phonetics. Morphology. Spelling" yog ib qho kev qhia zoo tshaj plaws. Tus sau phau ntawv yog A. I. Moiseev. Nws muaj 254 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv theoretical. Phau ntawv piav qhia tsis yog tsuas yog kev faib cov suab hais lus (vowels, consonants), tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm morphology thiab spelling. Lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv kawm yog kom nkag siab txog kev paub txog kev paub lus Lavxias thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm philology.
Phau ntawv "Historical phonetics of the Russian language" tau luam tawm xyoo 1980. Nws tus sau yog VV Kolesov, phau ntawv muaj 214 nplooj. Nws piav txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub phonetic system ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tus kws sau ntawv them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem lus Lavxias. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muab rau hauv phau ntawv yog txhawb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseeb los ntawm ntau qhov chaw.
"Phonetics ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus" yog ib phau ntawv sau los ntawm Girzheva G. N. Nws tau luam tawm ib xyoo dhau los. Lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv kawm yog los txhim kho cov tub ntxhais kawm kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab ntawm cov lus ua haujlwm, nrog rau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm cov suab lus.
Ntau tus neeg txhais lus tau kawm cov suab lus tau ntau xyoo. Kev faib cov vowels, nrog rau cov consonants, yog ib qho nyuaj heev. Yuav kom paub cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
Ntxhais lus tseeb txog cov suab "a" thiab "o"
Lub suab "a" yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau siv ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog thawj yam uas tus menyuam mos yug tshiab kawm hais. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias lub suab "a" yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog tib lub suab hauv Ubykh. Symbologists ntseeg tias tag nrho cov ntawv yog muab los ntawm "a".
Tsab ntawv "a" yog ntawm Phoenician keeb kwm, zoo li ntau lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ntau cov tsiaj ntawv, nws yog depicted raws li ib daim duab peb sab nrog ib tug crossbar nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws cim lub taub hau ntawm tus nyuj. Cov tsiaj no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog revered los ntawm Phoenicians. Nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg Vajtswv, lo lus "a" sib raug rau tsib lub qhov txhab ntawm Yexus Khetos.
Lub suab "o" yog qhov qub tshaj plaws. Tsab ntawv tau suav nrog cov tsiaj ntawv Phoenician ntau dua 3 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tsis hloov. Hauv pawg ntseeg thiab cov tsiaj ntawv qub Slavonic, tsab ntawv suab zoo li "on".
Letters "e", "yo", "yu", "i"
Vowels ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov lus Lavxias. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov suab lus tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas hais ib lo lus kom raug. Cov tsiaj ntawv "e", "yo", "yu", "ya", uas nyob tom qab lub consonant, qhia nws softness. Hauv qhov no, lawv sawv cev ib lub suab.
Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias cov ntawv "e", "e", "yu", "ya" qee zaum txhais tau 2 lub suab. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ib tus ntawm lawv nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm ib lo lus. Piv txwv li, lo lus "spruce" suab zoo li [ye]l. Ib tsab ntawv muaj ob peb lub suab kuj yog tias nws nyob tom qab lub suab. Piv txwv li, lub lighthouse. Qhov xwm txheej hauv xov tooj no kuj tau pom yog tias tus vowel nyob tom qab ib qho nyuaj lossis mos kos npe.
tsab ntawv "y" thiab nws tshem tawm
Lub suab "y" yog ib lub suab. Nws ua rau kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas xav kawm Lavxias. Lawv tsis to taub yuav ua li cas hais lub suab no rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm kev cob qhia. Phonologists characterize nws raws li ib tug unrounded high mid vowel. Lub suab no muaj ntau yam lus hauv ntiaj teb no.
Lub suab "y" yog ib qho ntawm cov Mongols thiab Turkic haiv neeg. Lub suab sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv "y" thiab "thiab" ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov lus tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus.
Ob xyoos dhau los, Vladimir Zhirinovsky tau thov kom tshem tawm tsab ntawv "y" los ntawm Lavxias. Nws thov tias nwstsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom lus European. Thiab tsis tsuas yog neeg txawv teb chaws, tab sis kuj cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem hais nws. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm tsab ntawv thiab suab, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tsim teeb meem hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv.
Qee tus kws tshaj lij hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho lub suab ntawm cov lus. Lub suab muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej ntau pua xyoo, thiab cov lus nws tus kheej txiav txim siab nws.
Consonants thiab vowels tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov lus, cov lus, nrog rau txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob tau piav qhia hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb ntawm philologists.
kawm vowels
Kev kawm txog lub suab ua rau me nyuam nyuaj. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas yuav tso cai rau cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv kom tus menyuam txoj kev kawm tau zoo. Yuav kom qhia cov me nyuam nyeem cov lus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv paub thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm cov vowels. Thaum thawj zaj lus qhia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm nrog tus menyuam tsis pub ntau tshaj 4 tsab ntawv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm daim npav. Thoob plaws hauv zaj lus qhia, tus me nyuam yuav tsum pom lawv tas li. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tsuas yog qhia tsab ntawv, tab sis kuj hais nws. Yog li tus me nyuam yuav nco nws qhov muag pom thiab hnov.
Nyob rau hauv zaj lus qhia thib ob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau rov hais dua cov ntawv uas twb tau kawm lawm thiab mus kawm ob ntxiv. Koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus menyuam nrog cov lus nyob hauv 5 tshooj.
Vowels ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv lus Lavxias. Kev faib cov vowels yog tam sim no paub rau koj. Nws yuav pab tau tsis tau tsuas yog rau philologists, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Thaum qhia, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
