Ryadovichi - nws yog leej twg, lawv lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm Kievan Rus? Cov lus nug no tau nug tsis yog los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm, vim tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia.
Kievan Rus luv luv
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev khawb, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov neeg Slavs txij li lub sijhawm tsis nco txog nyob raws ntug dej ntawm cov dej hauv ib nrab dugouts nrog lub qhov cub.
Villages tsim lub zej zog raws li kev sib raug zoo-kev lag luam. Cov zej zog tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kaum lossis ntau pua mais. Cov zej zog tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev yug nyuj. Nws yog qhov yuam kev los xav tias qhov kev lag luam no tsis tau tsim dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, rau lub sij hawm ntev heev, yuav luag txog rau lub xyoo pua kaum, nyuj yog synonymous nrog nyiaj. Rau kev ciaj sia ntawm lub zej zog, beekeeping, yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses kuj yog tsim nyog. Raws li kev sib raug zoo, nws tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog tub rog kev ywj pheej. Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua haiv neeg yog hierarchy. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem, lub hierarchy tau tsim tsis nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev quab yuam, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws yam - cawv, imitation, txwv tsis pub (taboo system). Tag nrho cov no tsim ib tug social algorithm ntawm tus cwj pwm, uasua rau subordination (psychological) nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas thiab kev lav phib xaub hauv qee qhov, thiab hwm thiab ntshai lwm tus. Cov algorithms no raug kho raws li kev puas siab puas ntsws archetypes thiab ua ib yam ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub 11th-12th centuries, lub stratification ntawm haiv neeg uas tau pib ua ntej thiab ib tug clearer tsim ntawm social strata txuas ntxiv. Kev tsis sib xws tab tom loj hlob, txawm tias cov neeg tawm tsam tau pib tshwm sim - cov neeg uas raug yuam kom tawm hauv lawv lub zej zog rau ib qho laj thawj lossis lwm qhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg, lub teb chaws nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm rau nws yog ua ntau thiab ntau muaj nqis. Thawj thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov tseeb, lub tswv yim ntawm "ryadovichi", "yuav khoom", "serfs" tshwm. Tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov pej xeem no tau ntau dua los yog tsawg dua nyob ntawm tus tswv av.
Ryadovichi hauv Ancient Russia - qhov no yog leej twg?
Tam sim no, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem hais meej txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ryadovich. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias Ryadovich yog ib tug qhev zoo tib yam. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv Pravda Russkaya nws tus nqi yog 5 hryvnias.
Tseem nqi tib yam li qhev yooj yim. Tab sis Ryadovich tsis yog ib tug qhev ib txwm. Qee lub sij hawm ib tug ryadovich yog ib tug neeg uas muaj peev xwm nyob thiab ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Kuj tseem muaj kev xav ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm tias Ryadovich yog qib qis tshaj tswj hwm, uas yog, tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis pub dawb. Daniil Zatochnik muaj qhov txuas rau qhov no. Tshwj xeeb, nws hais tias tus tub huabtais zoo li hluav taws kub hnyiab ntawm tib neeg, thiab nws qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog cov taws. Ntawd yog, ryadovich yog tus neeg uasua hauj lwm tswj hwm tus huab tais.
Ryadovichi - Lawv puas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm lossis tsis?
Qee cov keeb kwm sib npaug Ryadovichi nrog serfs ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus kheej dependence. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb xav txog qhov tseeb tias Ryadovichi yog cov neeg, raws li tus lej (daim ntawv cog lus), nyob nrog ib tus neeg thiab ua haujlwm rau tus neeg no, ces lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias nws tsis yog qhev, ces nws tsis yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntiav nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub peev txheej. Nws yog ib tug neeg feudal-dependent, uas yog, los ntawm kev cog lus nws tau los ua tus neeg nyob thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov tub qhe.
Nyob rau hauv hierarchy, nws dhau los ua qhev, tab sis tuav ib tug conditional dependence.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Ryadovich
Nyob hauv Russkaya Pravda muaj qhov qhia meej ntawm qhov qhab nia no. Raws li lawv, ib tug neeg tuaj yeem dhau los ua qib thiab ua ntaub ntawv yog tias nws xav yuav ib tug qhev. Tab sis ua ntej kev sib yuav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau qhia meej meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm koob. Ib tug vauv muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus tiun lossis tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Russkaya Pravda muab kev xaiv thaum, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuag ntawm Ryadovich, nws tus poj niam yuav tsum ua hauj lwm tawm nws lub luag hauj lwm. Tab sis ib qho "kev txiav txim" kuj tau muab - ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm nyob, kev tshem tawm ntawm cov koob. Nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm "detachment" uas qhia tau hais tias Ryadovichi tsis yog qhev. Lawv tuaj yeem them lawv tus tswv.
