TU-143: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim. Design Description

Cov txheej txheem:

TU-143: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim. Design Description
TU-143: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim. Design Description
Anonim

Qhov xav tau rau kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-tsib caug, thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Asmeskas thiab USSR rau kev tswj hwm hauv ntiaj teb, txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov dav hlau tsis muaj neeg siv. Tam sim no nws tus kheej piloted khoom yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws cov xov tooj yog loj hlob. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub tias qhov chaw yug ntawm "ntse" dav hlau, uas tseem siv niaj hnub no, yog Soviet Union, uas tau tsim cov tsheb uas muaj npe nrov xws li TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Nws pib li cas?

Kev siv lub sijhawm qub ntawm cov tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zais pa kom xa cov foob pob los ntawm cov tub rog Austrian mus rau hauv lub nroog Venice yog hnub tim 1849. Ib nrab xyoo tom qab ntawd, Nikola Tesla tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj tswj hwm lub xov tooj cua. Thiab xyoo 1910, Asmeskas tub rog engineer C. Kettering tau tsim thiab sim ob peb daim ntawv theej ntawm unmanned aerial tsheb (UAVs), tab sis lawv tsis pom kev siv.

Peb caug tau cim los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm tus kheej coj rov siv tau tsheb hauvTebchaws Askiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog qhov kev tsim kho no, nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, tus tsim qauv Nikitin tau tsim lub torpedo bomber-glider thiab txawm tsim lub torpedo nrog thaj tsam ntawm 100 km, tab sis txhua yam tseem nyob ntawm daim ntawv. Xyoo 1940, cov kws tshawb fawb German tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws, thawj zaug siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab lub tshuab dav hlau.

koj 143
koj 143

Nws tsuas yog tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob nkaus xwb uas muaj kev sib tw riam phom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj neeg coob ntawm Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws thiab NATO tau pib, ua tsaug rau UAVs siv los txog tam sim no tau tshwm sim, suav nrog Reis TU-143.

Precursor UAV "Reis"

Xyoo 1956, Warsaw Pact tau coj cov tub rog sib koom ua ke rau hauv Hungary los tawm tsam cov tswv yim tawm tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam tsev zais cia "K" tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tupolev Design Bureau, uas nws txoj haujlwm yog los tsim cov khoom "C". Ib xyoos tom qab, Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm USSR rau Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam tau txais xov tooj hu ua "Secret" txog kev npaj los ua kev sim davhlau ntawm cov khoom "C" hauv lub quarter thib plaub ntawm xyoo 1958.

Kev tsim ntawm UAV tau muab zais hauv qab cov khoom encrypted. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho tau koom nrog A. N. Tupolev. Cov khoom zais cia yog hlau monoplane nrog xub-puab tis. Tsis ntev, ib qhov project tau npaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam tsis muaj neeg coob uas muaj peev xwm xa cov riam phom nuclear ntawm qhov deb ntawm 10 txhiab km, tab sis nws tsis tau ua raws li kev txiav txim ntawm N. S. Khrushchev

Lub TU-123 tus kheej-piloted reconnaissance tsheb "Hawk", uas tau los ua tus thawj ntawm TU-143, ua nws thawj zaug nyob rau hauv 1961. Tsis zoo li percussionaircraft, nws muaj cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav hauv lub hneev ntawm cov qauv, thiab tsis yog lub taub hau nuclear.

Hawk's imperfections thiab Flight order

Thawj qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kev sim ntawm TU-123 yog cov duab thaij duab tsis muaj cua sov, uas tau npog nrog cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub dav hlau ceev ntawm 2700 km / h. Soviet engineers daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev yuav Brazilian quartz xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub pretext ntawm siv nws nyob rau hauv cov khoom kho mob. Nws yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw uas cov iav kub-resistant tau txais, thiab tom qab ntawd cov duab zoo.

tu 143 keeb kwm ntawm creation
tu 143 keeb kwm ntawm creation

Qhov thib ob qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsim tsis zoo ntawm "Hawk", uas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsuas yog khaws cia hauv lub ntsuas ntsuas, qhov seem ntawm UAV tau muab pov tseg. Lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau nkag siab txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev sib sau ua ke uas tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav yog dubbed "Flight" TU-143. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim UAV pib nrog kev nkag ntawm cov tub rog sib koom ua ke rau hauv Czechoslovakia thiab kev teeb tsa los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm USSR ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab rau Tupolev Design Bureau los tsim kom muaj lub tsheb thauj neeg tsis muaj neeg taug qab.

Creating a "flight"

Ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua raws li lub xeev kev txiav txim tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm UAV tau ua sai sai. Ob xyoos tom qab, "Reis" twb tau ua nws thawj zaug. Tom qab 4 xyoo ntawm kev sim thiab txhim kho, nyob rau hauv 1976, lub complex tau txais los ntawm USSR pab tub rog. Kev tshawb nrhiav tactical zoo - qhov no yog li cas TU-143 yog tus cwj pwm hauv cov tub rog. Kev tsim cov qauv hauv cov nyiaj ntawm 10 daim tau ua tiav hauv Bashkiria xyoo 1973. Tsis ntev tom qab lub serial zus tau tej cov tshiab complex pib. Rau 10 xyoo (txog 1980)tag nrho ntawm 950 daim tau ua.

ua 143 production
ua 143 production

Kev tso tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv ob hom: thawj - nrog cov khoom siv yees duab; qhov thib ob - los ntawm TV. Tsis tas li ntawd, UAV tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshawb nrhiav. Nyob rau hauv 1985, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "Reis", Tupolev engineers tsim ib lub hom phiaj, uas kuj ua tiav lub xeev kev xeem.

Invulnerability los ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm TU-143. Hauv kev pabcuam nrog 6 lub tebchaws yog "Flight": USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Hnub no nws nyob hauv Ukraine thiab Russia.

Purpose

Thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau, qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav tau tsim cov duab saum huab cua nrog cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv zaj duab xis. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv hauv TV tau siv hauv TU-143. Ob hom kev soj ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau nruab hnub. Qhov kev ncua deb, uas txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm UAV tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab, yog cov cim qhia ntawm 60-70 km.

tu 143 ua
tu 143 ua

Functions of the Reis complex:

  • Pib los ntawm chav tsev tus kheej uas muaj cua ceev tsis tshaj 15 m/s.
  • Kev tswj dav hlau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob onboard (ABS).
  • Muaj peev xwm rau txoj haujlwm ya davhlau.
  • Kev sau thiab khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse siv cov khoom siv yees duab thiab TV.
  • Lub peev xwm los txiav txim qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau qhov chaw muab thiab dhau los ntawm xov tooj cua channel rau hauv av cov lus txib.

TU-143: piav qhia kev tsim

UAV "Reis" has unique properties of radio visibility. L. T. Kulikov, ib tug ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, tau hais kom ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Lub keel, tis lub tswv yim, lub thawv parachute, qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav complex.

Tus qauv tsim, lub fuselage ntawm lub cuab yeej muaj plaub qhov chaw: hneev nti, cov khoom siv hauv nkoj, roj tank, cav nacelle nrog lub thawv rau lub kaus mom hlau. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog nyob rau hauv lub hneev ntawm lub complex. Lub compartment yog ua los ntawm fiberglass thiab muaj ib tug yees duab hatch.

tu 143 design description
tu 143 design description

UAV lands thanks to tricycle landing gear. Cov kev txhawb nqa pem hauv ntej tau muab zais rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob, thiab ob qho tib si raug tso tawm los ntawm tis consoles. Braking thiab tsaws parachutes yog tsim los dampen kab rov tav thiab ntsug tsaws speeds.

Kev ua haujlwm

Lub chaw tshawb nrhiav tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog Afghan thiab Lebanese. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm UAVs tseem nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine.

Xyoo 2001, muaj qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai nrog kev siv TU-143 rau kev cob qhia ua lub hom phiaj. Lub dav hlau TU-154M tom qab ntawd poob, vim muaj li ntawm 80 tus neeg tuag. Yog vim li cas yog qhov tsis txhob txwm ntaus los ntawm foob pob hluav taws tsim rau Reis drone.

ua 143l
ua 143l

Koj tuaj yeem pom TU-143 (cov ntawv theej) khaws cia ua cov khoom pov thawj hauv cov chaw hauv qab no:

  • Aviation Museum in Kyiv.
  • MuseumCov khoom siv tub rog thiab riam phom ntawm Spadshchansky Hav Zoov.
  • Nyob hauv nroog Khmelnitsky.
  • Prague Aviation Tsev khaws puav pheej.
  • Museum. Sakharov.
  • Moscow Central Airfield.
  • Monino Air Force Museum.

TU-143: kev ua haujlwm yam ntxwv

  • Nyhav - 1230 kg.
  • Length - 8.06 m.
  • Height – 1,545 m.
  • Wingspan - 2.24 m.
  • Wing area - 2.9 m2.
  • dav dav qhov siab tshaj plaws - 10 m.
  • sijhawm ya davhlau yog 13 feeb.
  • cav hom - TRD TR3-117.
  • Qhov tob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog 95 km.
  • siab tshaj plaws yog 950 km/h

Pom zoo: