Pakistan yog lub xeev ntau haiv neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg nyob ntawm no tau siv zog rau kev cai dab qhuas, pab pawg neeg thiab thaj chaw nyob ib leeg, uas ua rau muaj ntau hom lus, ntau yam tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog hom lus ywj pheej. Thiab tseem, xya lub ntsiab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv los ntawm kev teb cov lus nug ntawm hom lus twg yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Pakistan.
Urdu
Urdu tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg feem coob hauv Pakistan. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov tsis muaj ntau tshaj 8% ntawm cov pejxeem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog nom tswv hauv Pakistan thiab ua haujlwm li lingua franca. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws lub teb chaws, thiab lub teb chaws xov xwm yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov lus no. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus Pakistanis tsawg kawg yog nkag siab nws. Qee lub sij hawm qhov xwm txheej no tuaj rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tu siab. Piv txwv li, nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau Pashtun sau ua Urdu tab sis tsis paub nyeem ntawv hauv lawv hom lus.
Urdu yog ntxaib ntawm Hindi, hom lus ntawm Is Nrias teb. Ntxiv mus, ntau tus linguists suav Urdu thiab Hindi ua ib hom lus. Tsuas yog "cov lus ntawm Lub Nroog Loj" (raws li lub npe raug txhais"Urdu", Lub Nroog Siab - qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, Delhi) tau muab faib ib zaug raws li kev cai dab qhuas. Cov neeg hais lus Muslim tau hloov mus siv cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic, thaum Hindus tseem nyob hauv Devanagari Sanskrit (duab hauv qab).
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tebchaws Askiv nyob hauv thaj av no raws cov kab kev cai dab qhuas coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias Urdu thiab Hindi tau sib cais ntau dua, dhau los ua cov lus hauv xeev ntawm cov xeev tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv Urdu, ntau cov lus Persian thiab Arabic tau tshwm sim, thaum nyob hauv Hindi, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws poob qis. Txawm hais tias cov neeg hais ob hom lus no nkag siab ib leeg yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Urdu muaj npe nrov rau nws Nastalq Arabic tsab ntawv. Persian-influenced calligraphic style no ua rau cov cim Arabic luv dua thiab lo lus tsis yog kab ntsug nkaus xwb. Cov tsiaj ntawv hauv lub desktop zoo li nkag mus rau ib leeg, ua ke tsim cov duab zoo nkauj sab nraud: lo lus zoo li qee yam cim.
Vim li no, cov phau ntawv hauv Pakistan tau sau ib nrab ntawm tes ntev. Ib txheej typographical ntawm cov lus no tsis yooj yim sua. Phau ntawv tau sau los ntawm tes, thiab tom qab ntawd lithographs los ntawm cov ntawv sau tau raug xa mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv. Tsuas yog kev qhia txog kev ntaus ntawv hauv computer tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, tus qauv Arabic naskh yog siv, thiab nastalq tau txais ntau yam zoo nkauj thiab tsim tus cwj pwm. Cov pej xeem Pakistani txhawj xeeb txog kev hloov cov ntawv Arabic nrog Latin. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas "kev txhaum" nrog rau qhov notiam. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb: cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv txawb tsis tau hloov kho zoo rau cov ntawv Arabic.
Hauv kev paub lus, Urdu yog ib hom lus Indo-Iranian. Thiab tseem, cia peb lub npe nws cov yam ntxwv: "reverent" tus cwj pwm rau pronouns - ntawm no lawv tswj kom muab faib ua cov npe, adjectives thiab cov zauv, thiab nws yog "txwv tsis pub" hais ncaj qha "Qhov no tsis yog kuv" nrog cov lus. Koj yuav tsum hais ib yam dab tsi zoo li "Ib tug neeg". Urdu siv postpositions uas tsis nrov heev thoob plaws ntiaj teb cov lus. Cov no yog tib cov prepositions, tab sis tom qab lo lus.
English
Peb yuav tsis tham ntau txog nws. Nws tsis yog ib txwm nyob rau ib qho ntawm cov neeg ntawm Pakistan. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm txoj cai Askiv, nws kis tau, ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm haiv neeg. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm no txawm tias tam sim no, ua hom lus thib ob ntawm Pakistan, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv cov npe. Yog li ntawd, lub teb chaws yuav tsis kam nws tag nrho.
Punjabi (Punjabi)
Cov lus hais dav dav tshaj plaws hauv Pakistan. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws, nws tau hais los ntawm yim tawm ntawm kaum Pakistanis (uas yog qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig 76 lab tus tib neeg). Raws li feem pua, nws yog 44 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov lus hauv Pakistan. Nws zoo ib yam li Urdu vim nws cuam tshuam nrog nws.
Pashto
Pashtuns ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Pakistan cov pej xeem, ua rau lawv yog hom lus thib ob (15%). Qhov teeb meem nrog Pashto yog tias txhua pawg neeg siv zog los hais lus tshwj xeeb, hais txog nws "tus kheej". Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm dialects txawm ua linguistskom tsis ntseeg lub neej ntawm ib hom lus, Pashto, uas, txawm hais tias muaj feem xyuam nrog Urdu, tau txais nws cov ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv cov tsiaj ntawv. Txawm nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, Pashtuns tau sim sawv tawm: lawv tau tsim lub tahriri calligraphic style. Yooj yim, tab sis nws tus kheej.
Sindhi
Cov lus ntawm cov neeg Indian ntawm Sindhis. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Pakistan, uas muab cov lus 14% ntawm kev nthuav dav. Sindhi, zoo li Urdu, tau muab faib raws li kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan nrog tib lub txim. Muaj tseeb, thaum nws hu ua ob qho tib si muaj thiab muaj tib yam. Ntawm "eccentricities" ntawm Sindhi, peb nco ntsoov qhov tsis muaj poj niam txiv neej nruab nrab thiab cov lus ncaj qha ntawm tus neeg thib peb. Txawm li cas los xij, Sindhis, zoo li tag nrho cov neeg hauv lub tebchaws, tsawg kawg yog ob hom lus. Lawv hais lus Askiv thiab.
Siraiki
Cov lus ntawm cov neeg Siraiki nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Pakistan. Tseem muaj ntau Siraiks (los yog yav qab teb Punjabis, uas yog, Muslim Punjabis) - nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus, yuav luag 11%. Cov lus kuj tau sib koom ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan. Siraiqis sau ua lus Arabic, thaum qaum teb Punjabis hauv Indian Punjab siv cov tsiaj ntawv Hindu Gurmukhi.
Baluchi
Qhov kawg ntawm cov neeg nyiam (4%) cov lus ntawm Pakistan yog cov lus ntawm Iranian neeg Balochi. Tshaj tawm nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, ib txwm muaj, hauv lub xeev Balochistan. Cov lus no yog Iranian thiab yog li ntawd sawv sib nrug los ntawm lwm yam lus ntawm Pakistan. Rau lwm haiv neeg, tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm haiv neeg vim kev sib txuas lus. Tom qab tag nrho, kuj muaj Urdu thiab lus Askiv.
