Eastern Slavs yog cov neeg Slavic uas hais lus East Slavic. Cov pej xeem tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev medieval tseem ceeb ntawm Kievan Rus los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th tau hloov mus ua Belarusians, Russians, Ruthenians thiab Ukrainians.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ua ntej Rurik: Russia thiab Russians
Rus hauv lus Askiv cov nyiaj pabcuam feem ntau nkag siab tias yog haiv neeg lossis haiv neeg Scandinavian cov neeg lag luam uas tau pauv thiab nkag mus rau cov dej ntws ntawm B altic thiab Black Seas txij li xyoo yim mus rau xyoo pua 11 AD. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tshawb fawb lus Askiv lawv feem ntau hu ua "Vikings of Russia". Cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias cov neeg Lavxias tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tam sim no ntug dej hiav txwv Central Sweden nyob ib ncig ntawm lub yim xyoo pua, thiab hais tias lawv lub npe yog tib yam keeb kwm li Rozlagen nyob rau hauv Sweden (lub npe laus yog Roden). Tag nrho cov no yog ib feem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik.
Rus ua neeg thiab vaj tse
Raws li cov neeg Slavic thiab Finnish nyob rau thaj tsam Volga sab saud, lawv tsim cov neeg ua lag luam thiab cov neeg tua neeg uas ua lag luam furs thiab qhev rau silk, nyiaj thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua cuaj, nyob rau hauv tus dej txoj kev mus rau lub hiav txwv Dub, lawv ua ib tug tsis meej tab sis tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub thawj tswj hwm ntawm Kievan Rus, maj assimilating nrog lub zos Slavic pej xeem. Lawv kuj tau nthuav lawv txoj haujlwm ntau ntxiv rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb ntawm Turkic Bulgars thiab Khazars ntawm txoj kev mus rau Hiav Txwv Caspian.
Los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib, lo lus Rus tau nce ntxiv nrog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Kyiv, thiab lo lus "Varangian" tau dhau los ua ib lo lus rau Scandinavians taug kev raws tus dej ntws. Txoj kev ntawm lub neej no yog yam ntxwv ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik.
Russ and Russians
Muaj pov thawj tsawg heev ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov tsis muaj pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm Slavs ua ntej Rurik. Feem ntau vim hais tias, txawm hais tias cov neeg Lavxias teb sab tau ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab qhov deb heev, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tsis tshua muaj thiab yuav luag tsis tsim los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias lawv tus kheej. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov Slavs tau sau ntawv tuaj rau Russia tsuas yog vim kev ntseeg. Lo lus "Rus" nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias tib yam li thaum siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Meanwhile, archaeological pov thawj thiab soj ntsuam kev nkag siabsau tsuas yog maj mam. Raws li kev lag luam diaspora, cov neeg ntawm Rus intermingled feem ntau nrog Finnish, Slavic, thiab Turkic haiv neeg, thiab lawv cov kev lis kev cai thiab tus kheej zoo li muaj varied considerably nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, xws li keeb kwm ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik.
kev ua nom ua tswv
Lwm qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yog qhov zoo li lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv lub xyoo pua cuaj txog rau xyoo pua lub xeev tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe (thaum kawg hu lawv tus kheej Russia thiab Belarus), ua rau lawv cuam tshuam rau hnub no. yog suav tias yog lub teb chaws keeb kwm ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, Poland, Belarus, Finland thiab lub B altic lub teb chaws. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg hnyav vim ntau pawg neeg nyiam kev nom kev tswv sib tw rau leej twg Russia keeb kwm yog, ntseeg tias kev nom kev tswv yav dhau los yog qhov raug cai tam sim no.
Keeb kwm ntawm dej nyab mus rau Rurik paub rau peb ntau dua li keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws tom qab Varangians tuaj txog. Cov kws tshawb fawb paub me ntsis txog Eastern Slavs nyob ua ntej 859 AD, thaum thawj cov xwm txheej tau sau tseg hauv Cov Ntawv Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm tau tshwm sim. Cov Eastern Slavs ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov no kom meej meej tsis sau ntawv. Ob peb paub tseeb yog tau los ntawm archaeological excavations, ceeb toom ntawm txawv teb chaws mus ncig teb chaws txog lub teb chaws ntawm Rus, thiab linguistic sib piv cov lus ntawm lub Slavic lus.
Keeb Kwm thiab cov ntawv sau
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik muaj ntau yam secrets thiab mysteries. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Russia,yos los ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej xyoo pua kaum ib tau muaj sia nyob. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm Russia, Thawj Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm, hnub los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub kaum ib thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob. Nws teev kaum ob pab pawg neeg Slavic uas, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, tau nyob hauv thaj chaw tom qab ntawm Kievan Rus, nruab nrab ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, Dnieper thiab Hiav Txwv Dub: Polyany, Drevlyans, Dregovichi, Radimichi, Vyatichi, Krivichi, Slovenes, Dulebes (Tom qab ntawd hu ua Volynians thiab Buzhans), White Croats, Northerners, Ulichs thiab Tivertsy.
Yehauvas lub tsev ntawm cov Slavs
Keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik tseem muaj ntau yam tsis meej. Tsis muaj kev pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev ntawm Slavs. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo txhiab AD, Slavic neeg nyob hauv tej zaum muaj kev sib cuag nrog lwm haiv neeg uas tau tsiv mus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain thaum lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj xyoo pua thiab cuaj, cov Sarmatians, Huns, Alans, Avars, Bulgars, thiab Magyars tau dhau los ntawm Pontic Steppe ntawm lawv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw sab hnub poob. Txawm hais tias qee tus ntawm lawv tau ua qhev rau Slavs hauv cheeb tsam, cov pab pawg txawv teb chaws no tau tso ob peb txoj hauv kev hauv thaj av Slavic. Lub Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov kuj pom Slavic nthuav dav ua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab beekeeper, yos hav zoov, neeg nuv ntses, nyuj yug tsiaj thiab neeg nuv ntses. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua yim, cov Slavs yog pawg neeg tseem ceeb hauv East European Plain.
By 600 AD Slavs linguistically faib rau sab qab teb, sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj ceg. Cov Eastern Slavs xyaum ua liaj ua teb txoj hauv kev"hack thiab hlawv", cov hav zoov dav siv tau nquag siv, uas lawv nyob. Txoj kev ua liaj ua teb no koom nrog kev tua hluav taws los ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov, cog qoob loo, thiab tom qab ntawd nce mus ob peb xyoos tom qab. Keeb kwm ntawm Russia los ntawm dej nyab mus rau Rurik tau tshwm sim nyob rau tib thaj chaw - Ukraine, Belarus thiab sab qaum teb ntawm European Russia.
Kev txiav-thiab-kub ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum tau txav mus los tsis tu ncua vim cov av cog hauv txoj kev no tsuas yog tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws qaug zog, thiab Eastern Slavs kev vam khom rau kev ua liaj ua teb slash-thiab-burn piav qhia lawv sai sai hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Eastern Europe. Eastern Slavs dej nyab Eastern Europe nrog ob kwj dej. Ib pab pawg neeg nyob raws Dnieper nyob rau hauv tam sim no Ukraine thiab Belarus mus rau sab qaum teb. Tom qab ntawd lawv kis mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av Volga, sab hnub tuaj ntawm Moscow tam sim no, thiab sab hnub poob mus rau Northern Dniester thiab Southern Bug River basins nyob rau niaj hnub Ukraine thiab yav qab teb Ukraine. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no uas tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm Russia ua ntej Rurik coj qhov chaw.
Russian Khaganate
Lwm pab pawg ntawm Eastern Slavs tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, qhov chaw uas lawv tau ntsib nrog Varangians ntawm Lavxias Khaganate thiab tsim lub chaw tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Novgorod. Tib neeg Slavic kuj nyob hauv thaj av Tver niaj hnub thiab thaj tsam Beloozero. Thaum mus txog thaj av ntawm Merya ze Rostov, lawv tau koom nrog Dnieper pab pawg neeg Slavic neeg nyob.
Russian Khaganate -yog ib lub npe qee cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub siv rau lub xeev qhov kev xav uas xav tias muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis zoo nyob rau hauv keeb kwm European sab hnub tuaj, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th thiab ntxov mus rau nruab nrab cuaj caug xyoo AD.
Nws tau raug qhia tias Lavxias Khaganate State yog ib lub xeev lossis pab pawg hauv nroog-xeev tsim los ntawm tib neeg, piav qhia hauv txhua qhov chaw niaj hnub no raws li Norwegians, qhov chaw nyob rau niaj hnub European Russia, raws li lub sijhawm ua ntej ntawm Rurik dynasty thiab Kievan Rus. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd suav nrog Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Turkic, B altic, Finnish, Hungarian thiab Norwegian haiv neeg. Lub cheeb tsam kuj yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau Varangians, East Scandinavian adventurers, tub lag luam thiab pirates.
Nkauj tsis sib haum
Ntawm niaj hnub tsis tshua muaj, cov thawj coj lossis cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd raug hu ua Turkic lub npe ntawm kagan thaum ub, yog li lub npe ntawm lawv lub xeev.
Lub sijhawm no suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm yug los ntawm pawg neeg Lavxias tshwj xeeb, uas tau ua rau Kievan Rus thiab tom qab lub xeev, uas niaj hnub Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine tau los.
Nyob rau hauv lub yim thiab cuaj centuries, sab qab teb ceg ntawm East Slavic pab pawg neeg yuav tsum tau mus pehawm rau Khazars, ib tug Turkic-hais lus cov neeg uas hloov dua siab tshiab rau Judaism nyob rau hauv lub lig yim los yog cuaj caug xyoo thiab nyob rau yav qab teb. Volga cheeb tsam thiab Caucasus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Varangians ntawm Lavxias Khaganate tau tswj hwm Ilmen Slavs thiab Krivichi, uas tswj hwm. Txoj kev lag luam ntawm B altic Hiav Txwv thiab Byzantine Empire.
Tsev neeg lub chaw
Cov chaw ntxov tshaj plaws sab hnub tuaj Slavic pab pawg suav nrog Novgorod, Izborsk, Polotsk, Gnezdovo thiab Kyiv. Archaeology qhia tau hais tias lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xyoo pua, tsis ntev tom qab lub Slavs thiab Finns ntawm Novgorod rebelled tawm tsam Norwegians thiab yuam kom lawv tawm mus rau Scandinavia. Kev kav ntawm Oleg ntawm Novgorod thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th tau pom qhov rov qab los ntawm Varangians mus rau Novgorod thiab hloov chaw ntawm lawv lub peev rau Kyiv ntawm Dnieper. Los ntawm lub hauv paus no, cov pej xeem sib xyaw Varangian-Slavic (hu ua Rus) tau pib ntau qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Constantinople.
Thaum xub thawj cov neeg tseem ceeb tswj hwm feem ntau yog Norwegian, tab sis los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nws tau Slavicized sai. Svyatoslav I ntawm Kyiv (uas kav xyoo 960s) yog thawj tus kav tebchaws Lavxias nrog lub npe Slavic.
