Social Darwinism, raws li kev taw qhia, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th. Tej hauj lwm ntawm cov founders ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov neeg niaj hnub. Lawm, Darwin txoj cai nws tus kheej, ua ib qho kev tshwm sim loj ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm kev paub txog pej xeem. Hauv tebchaws Askiv cov lus qhuab qhia tau siv rau lub neej tiag tiag los ntawm Spencer thiab Bedggot. Lub tom kawg, ua ib tug publicist, ib tug economist, sim siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim siab coj los tsim nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog keeb kwm txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub neej. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Spencer cov tswv yim tau sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov thawj coj Giddings thiab Ward.
Social Darwinism. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Rau tag nrho kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws ib nrab thib ob, ntau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tau los ua tus yam ntxwv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no tau piav qhia los ntawm Darwin nws tus kheej. Txoj kev xav uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua raws li nws tau dhau los ua ib hom kev coj ua uas nkag mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev xav. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yog "kev xaiv ntuj", "kev ciaj sia ntawm qhov haum tshaj", "struggle for existence". Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, kev sib raug zoo Darwinism tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb kev taw qhia.
Cov pawg uas muaj nyob hauv cov lus qhuab qhia tau pib siv thiabnyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev paub uas tau pib me ntsis hostile rau nws. Yog li, piv txwv li, Durkheim siv qee lub ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv kev sib raug zoo Darwinism. Txawm hais tias nws qhov kev tawm tsam tsis zoo rau kev txo qis hauv kev kawm txog kev tshwm sim hauv zej zog, nrog rau nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom siab, nws suav tias kev sib faib hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog yog ib qho kev sib tw me ntsis ntawm qee yam kev tawm tsam rau lub neej..
Social Darwinism nyob rau xyoo 19th lig
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov tswv yim ntawm "kev xaiv ntuj" tau dhau mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab tau nrov heev hauv kev lag luam, kev sau xov xwm, kev paub ntau yam, ntawv tseeb. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm, piv txwv li, cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam, kev lag luam magnates, raws li kev xav ntawm evolution, xaus lus tias lawv tsis yog tsuas yog muaj hmoo thiab muaj peev xwm, tab sis kuj suav hais tias yog qhov pom kev pom ntawm kev yeej hauv kev tawm tsam rau kev muaj nyob hauv lawv qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov yuam kev, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, xav txog kev sib raug zoo Darwinism raws li cov lus qhuab qhia raws li kev lom neeg thiab ua kom yooj yim txuas ntxiv ntawm lawv. Nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib qho kev taw qhia uas txo cov kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ntuj evolution. Social Darwinism, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, pom kev tawm tsam kom muaj sia nyob raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus tsis-biological ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia qhia tias, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab, ib qho kev xav qub tau raug kho dua tshiab thiab pom tseeb. Ntawm tag nrho cov cim qhia ntawm kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv kev xav, ib qho ntawm lub ntsiabNws raug suav hais tias yog kev xav txog lub neej ua ib hom kev sib tw uas muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thiab tsis tu ncua, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev sib cav ntawm tib neeg, zej zog, pab pawg, kev lis kev cai, cov koom haum, hom kab lis kev cai thiab kev sib raug zoo.
