Shield yog ib lub hnub qub me me nyob rau sab qab teb hemisphere, nyob ze ntawm lub hnub qub kab nruab nrab thiab pom ntawm latitudes ntawm +80 txog -94 degrees. Nws yog pom zoo los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Lub cheeb tsam nyob ntawm lub Shield tsuas yog 109.1 square degrees (0.26% ntawm lub ntuj hmo ntuj), uas sib haum mus rau 84th loj tshaj plaws txoj hauj lwm ntawm 88 officially paub constellations.
Cov ntaub thaiv npog tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov hnub qub ci, asterisms lossis luminaries ntawm navigational tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tseem muaj ntau yam khoom astronomical nthuav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias lub constellation nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov densest aav ntawm lub Milky Way.
Kev piav qhia dav dav thiab duab ntawm Scutum constellation nyob saum ntuj
Lub npe Latin thoob ntiaj teb rau lub hnub qub no yog Scutum (tshwj xeeb yog "cov ntaub thaiv npog"). Tam sim no nws yog ib feem ntawm pawg Hercules. Scutum yog ib qho ntawm ob lub hnub qub npe hu ua neeg tiag tiag (lwm tus yog Coma Berenice).
Cov ntaub thaiv npog tsuas muaj 20 lub teeb pom kev tsaus ntuj, uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab nkaus xwb hauvzoo kawg nkaus ntshiab hmo ntuj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub constellation koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe nrov qhib pawg (lub hnub qub huab cua). Koj tuaj yeem pom lawv ua tib zoo nrog lub koob yees duab lossis lub tsom iav.
Kwv yees li 270 hnub qub hauv lub hnub qub Scutum tau nthuav dav thiab piav qhia siv cov tshuab satellite. Ntawm lawv, muaj kaum lub ntsiab. Txij li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hnub qub sib txawv ntawm Scutum los ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog qhov loj heev, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav qhov kev ncua deb mus rau Scutum arithmetically.
Hauv daim duab, lub hnub qub Scutum zoo li ib pawg me me ntawm cov luminous dots uas tsis tsim cov duab geometric. Tag nrho cov visibility yog ua tau nyob rau hauv latitudes sab qab teb ntawm 74 degrees. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los saib cov hnub qub yog Lub Xya Hli.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv firmament
Qhov chaw ntawm lub hnub qub Scutum nyob rau saum ntuj yog nyob rau plaub plaub ntawm sab qab teb hemisphere (SQ4) thiab suav nrog thaj chaw nplua nuj ntawm Milky Way. Tus nqi ntawm txoj cai ascension (qhov kev sib koom tes uas txiav txim siab txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev xilethi-aus) yog 19 teev. Ib tug schematic sawv cev ntawm Scutum nyob rau hauv lub ntuj zoo li ib daim thaiv npog, cov saum uas yog lub brightest hnub qub.
Shield cov neeg nyob sib ze peb lub hnub qub:
- Eagle;
- Sagittarius;
- nab.
Vega yog lub hnub qub siab dua Scutum.
Txhawm rau pom qhov pom qhov twg lub hnub qub ntawm lub Shield nyob, koj yuav tsum tau saib raws li Milky Way mus rau sab qab teb ntawm cov hnub qub Aquila, alphathiab nws lambdas nyob rau ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim taw mus rau qhov khoom xav tau.
History
Shield tsis yog ntawm cov hnub qub uas tau piav qhia hauv daim duab qhia hnub qub thaum ub ntawm Ptolemy. Cov khoom no tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1864 los ntawm Pole Jan Hevelius thiab tom qab 6 xyoo tau ntxiv rau lub hnub qub atlas "Uranography". Txij thaum ntawd los, daim Shield tau suav nrog hauv pab pawg ntawm 88 lub hnub qub uas raug xaiv.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe yog txuas nrog keeb kwm kev tshwm sim - kev yeej ntawm Cov Ncej dhau ntawm Turks hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Vienna, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1683. Lub hnub qub hu ua lub hnub qub "Shield of Sobieski" rau kev hwm ntawm tus thawj coj uas coj kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas kuj yog tus huab tais ntawm Poland.
Shield Stars
Daim thaiv npog muaj cov hnub qub me me, uas tsuas yog 20 tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Lub brightest luminaries muaj plaub thiab tsib magnitude. Cov hnub qub tseem ceeb suav nrog Alpha, Beta, Zeta, Gamma, Delta, Eta, Epsilon, R, S, thiab PSB.
Scutum lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab, nrog qhov pom pom tseeb ntawm 3.85, yog Alpha, lwm yam hu ua Janina. Nws raug tshem tawm ntawm lub hnub ntawm qhov deb ntawm 53.43 lub teeb xyoo. Qhov thib ob nyob rau hauv brightness belongs rau lub beta ntawm lub Shield. Lub hnub qub dimmest pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab yog HD 174208 ntawm qhov loj 5.99, uas nyob ze rau kab ntawm qhov pom.
Scutum qhov deb tshaj plaws yog lub hnub qub HIP 90204, 326163.3 light-years from the Sun.
| Alpha | Qhov loj kawg nkaus yog -0.08, hais txogspectral type K (txiv kab ntxwv loj) |
| Beta | Nws yog ntau qhov system, ntawm cov uas muaj 2 yam khoom tseem ceeb - A thiab B beta. Thawj lub hnub qub yog daj chav G loj, thiab lub thib ob yog xiav-dawb luminary. Tag nrho qhov loj ntawm Beta yog 4.23m. Qhov no siv los hu ua 6 Aquilae |
| Zeta | Tseem ceeb ntawm 207 lub teeb-xyoos los ntawm Lub Hnub, lub daj daj loj cais raws li G9 IIIb Fe-0.5. Qhov pom tseeb qhov loj ntawm lub hnub qub no yog 4.68 |
| Gamma | A dawb A1IV/V lub hnub qub ntawm qhov loj 4.67, 291 lub teeb xyoo deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog plaub lub teeb ci tshaj plaws ntawm Scutum |
| Delta | Lub hnub qub loj loj heev hloov pauv hloov pauv lub hnub qub (nws yog thawj yam khoom ntawm hom no pom nyob saum ntuj). Cov hnub qub ntawm cov chav kawm no yog lwm yam hu ua dwarf Cepheids, qhov peculiarity ntawm uas yog qhov chaw pulsations tshwm sim ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv longitudinal thiab transverse cov lus qhia. Delta belongs rau hom spectral F2 IIIp (daj-dawb loj heev) thiab muaj qhov pom tseeb qhov loj ntawm 4.72 nrog lub sijhawm ci ci ntawm 0.2. Lub hnub qub muaj ob lub satellites thiab yog 202 lub teeb xyoo deb ntawm lub hnub ci. |
| Nov | Ib tug txiv kab ntxwv loj uas nws txoj kab uas hla yog 10 npaug ntawm lub hnub, thiab nws loj yog 1.4 npaug. belongs rau hom spectral K1III thiab muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm 4.83. |
| Epsilon | Multi-stellar system ntawm qhov loj 4.88, 523 deb ntawm lub ntiaj teblub teeb xyoo. Raws li kev faib tawm spectral, nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg G8II, sib xws rau cov neeg loj heev daj daj. |
| R | Lub daj supergiant, cais raws li RV Tauri, yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv pab pawg no nrog qhov pom tseeb ntawm qhov loj ntawm 4.2-8.6. Luminosity variations tshwm sim los ntawm radial deg pulsations. Lub hnub qub yog 1400 light-years from the Sun. |
| S | Lub hnub qub liab, hom hnub qub carbon, muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm 6.81. Lub hnub qub yog 1289 xyoo teeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb |
| PSB B1829-10 | Ib lub hnub qub magnetized spinning neutron lub hnub qub ntawm qhov loj 5.28, 30,000 lub teeb xyoo deb ntawm lub hnub ci. Nws yog ib tug pulsar emitting ib tug beam ntawm electromagnetic tawg. Qhov loj ntawm lub hnub qub no yog 1.4 npaug ntawm lub hnub. |
Scutum kuj suav nrog lub hnub qub loj tshaj plaws uas paub txog hnub no, UY Shield. Nws lub vojvoog yog 1708 npaug loj dua lub hnub.
Ntaus astronomical objects
Cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntuj sib sib zog nqus hauv cov hnub qub Scutum feem ntau suav nrog cov hnub qub pawg ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj ntshiab, ib txhia ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom txawm tias tsis muaj lub koob yees duab. Cov no yog cov npe hu ua pawg nto moo Messier 11 thiab 26, txwv tsis pub lub hnub qub huab cua loj.
Dhau li ntawm lawv, Scutum suav nrog:
- 2 lub ntiaj teb pawg;
- 145 nebulae (52 planetary, 91 tsaus ntuj thiab 3 diffuse);
- 19 qhib pawg.
Wild ClusterDucks
Wild Duck yog lub npe muab rau qhib pawg Messier 11, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov hnub qub qhib ntom ntom thiab muaj 2900 hnub qub. Qhov loj ntawm lub ntuj sib sib zog nqus no yog 6.3. Cov pawg yog 6,200 light-years from the solar system. Thaum pom los ntawm lub koob yees duab, cov khoom zoo li huab cua me me nrog lub ntsiab lus zoo.
Lub npe ntawm pawg yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws cov hnub qub ci ntsa iab tsim ib daim duab zoo li ib pab yaj ntawm cov ya ya. Cov khoom tau pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th los ntawm Gottfried Kirch thiab nkag mus rau hauv Messier lub catalog 83 xyoo tom qab.
Messier 26
Piv rau Cov Tsiaj Duck, muaj cov hnub qub me me (90), uas haum rau thaj tsam nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 22 lub teeb xyoo. Cov pawg tau pom los ntawm Charles Monsieur hauv xyoo 1764. Qhov deb ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub hnub yog 5 txhiab lub teeb xyoo.
Cov pawg zoo li ib pawg me me nrog thaj tsam tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv nruab nrab. Qhov qis qis hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm pawg yuav yog vim muaj qhov sib txuam ntawm cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj nti ntawm txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm pawg thiab lub ntiaj teb. Tag nrho qhov loj ntawm pawg yog 8, thiab qhov ci ntawm lub hnub qub ci tshaj plaws hauv nws yog 11.9.
Globular Cluster NGC 6712
Nws loj heev thiab muaj txog ib lab lub hnub qub, tag nrho qhov ci yog 8.1m. Cov khoom yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv 1749, tab sis raws li ib tug globular pawg nws yogcais tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1930s.
Lub cev txoj kab uas hla ntawm pawg no yog 64 lub teeb xyoo.
