Cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab syntax

Cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab syntax
Cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab syntax
Anonim

Cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab txhawb kev ntshai thiab kev ntshai ntawm ntau tus uas kawm nws, thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab: subordinate meej, cov lus sib koom ua ke, introductory tsim - cov npe yog incomprehensible nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv thawj glance. Yog li cia peb xam pom.

Attributive clause
Attributive clause

Txawm hais tias, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, lo lus txiav txim nyob rau hauv kab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yog dawb, cov kab lus hauv paus yog tsim raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus SVO los yog cov ntsiab lus (actor, subject), ces verb (predicate), ces object (direct object). Piv txwv li - "Kuv mus taug kev ntawm txoj kev" - ib tug qauv tsim ntawm ib kab lus rau Lavxias teb sab lus.

Ib lo lus sib txawv feem ntau yog siv los ntxiv qee lub ntsiab lus - ironic, piv txwv li.

Cov kab lus nyuaj yog ob hom: sib xyaw thiab ua kom nyuaj.

Thawj muab faib raws li cov koom haum koom siab sib txuas - txuas (lawv suav nrog thiab, yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "thiab", tsis yog … tsis yog, ib yam nkaus … yog li, kuj, yog thiab), divisive (los yog, los yog, ces … ces, los yog … ib yam, tsis yog … tsis yog) thiab tawm tsam (tab sis, ah, yog, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tab sis", txawm li cas los xij).

kab lus complex nrognpe
kab lus complex nrognpe

Cov kab lus yooj yim hauv cov kab lus sib xyaw yog sib cais los ntawm commas (piv txwv: "Ib kab lus nyuaj nrog cov txheeb ze clauses tseem tsis ua rau kuv ntshai heev, thiab qhov kev cia siab yuav piav qhia rau cov menyuam tias nws txaus ntshai dua kuv").

Ib nqe lus ib txwm muab tso ua ntej kev tawm tsam thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb.

Cov kev sib tw tsis yooj yim tau muab faib ua cov ntsiab lus uas muaj txiaj ntsig, cov lus piav qhia thiab cov lus hais tawm. Lawv txawv ntawm cov koomhaum uas lawv koom nrog. Ib kab lus sib xyaw nrog cov kab lus nyob nrog muaj cov kab lus yooj yim thiab cov kab lus txuas nrog nws nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus sib txuas lossis cov lus sib koom.

Cov lus piav qhia nthuav dav cov lus qhia nrog nws cov ntsiab lus (kev hais lus, kev xav, kev xav) thiab teb cov lus nug: "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?", "qhov twg?" Thiab koom nrog: dab tsi, ua, zoo li yog.

Complex kab lus nrog subordinate clauses
Complex kab lus nrog subordinate clauses

Cov lus piav qhia teb cov lus nug "dab tsi?" thiab koom nrog: leej twg, leej twg, leej twg, dab tsi, qhov twg.

Muaj ntau cov lus qhia, thiab lawv txawv ib yam li qhov xwm txheej: muaj cov lus qhia ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, qhov chaw, sijhawm, xwm txheej, laj thawj, lub hom phiaj, sib piv, kev cog lus.

Ib kab lus nyuaj nrog cov lus piav qhia, uas yog hais txog cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus, txhais thiab qhia meej nws cov yam ntxwv, feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm toj roob hauv pes.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov ntawv sautsuas yog cov kab lus ywj pheej nkaus xwb yog sib cais - nrog rau ib qho kev kawm thiab ib qho kev sib tw, thiab tsis yog cov tswv cuab sib koom ua ke los ntawm lub koom haum (hauv kab lus tsis yog koom haum, cov tswv cuab homogeneous kuj tau sib cais los ntawm ib qho comma). Kev zam rau txoj cai no yog cov kab lus uas muaj qee lub ntsiab lus (qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm lossis qhov chaw siv rau ob kab lus, piv txwv li) - nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis xav tau comma. Piv txwv li: "Nyob rau hauv lub qub, musty hav zoov, qav nyob thiab writhing nab nkag mus rau hauv lub pob zeb." "Hauv hav zoov" rau thawj thiab thib ob kab lus yog ib qho adverb ntawm qhov chaw, tsis xav tau comma.

Yog li, tam sim no ib daim ntawv ceev ntawm tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog subordinate clauses:

- cov kab lus sib txuas tau muab cais raws li hom kev sib koom ua ke txuas rau lawv: txuas, faib thiab tawm tsam;

- complex subordinate clauses muaj peb hom: attributive clause, piav qhia thiab adverbial; ib qho comma yog muab tso ua ntej lub union los yog cov phooj ywg lo lus qhia lub subordinate clause (dab tsi, dab tsi, qhov twg, txawm, vim li cas, thiab lwm yam);

-tag nrho cov kab lus yooj yooj yim hauv cov lus nyuaj yog sib cais los ntawm commas (tshwj tsis yog kab lus nrog cov ntsiab lus).

Pom zoo: