Ukraine yog lub tebchaws thib tsib loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe hais txog cov pejxeem. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws no, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm xyoo 2001 kev suav pej xeem, muaj txog 42.8 lab. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine raws li feem pua.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Ukrainians yog Trypillians, uas nyob hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Dniester, Dnieper thiab Southern Bug Rivers thaum ntxov li 3.5-2 txhiab xyoo BC, nrog rau cov Slavs thaum ntxov, uas tuaj ntawm no thiab hauv Carpathians. me ntsis tom qab. Lawv tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab coj lub neej sedentary. Nws yog cov neeg no uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm yav tom ntej Ukrainian haiv neeg.
Ob peb centuries ua ke muaj ntau invasion ntawm ntau haiv neeg nomadic nyob rau hauv lub Slavic av. Tab sis, txawm hais tias qiv qee yam ntawm lawv cov kab lis kev cai, Ukrainians muaj peev xwm tuav tau lawv lub tebchaws. Nws tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv sab ntsuj plig kab lis kev cai.
Tam sim no Ukrainians yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, compactly nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab nruab nrab yog suav tias muaj neeg nyob coob. Tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog Ukrainians (kwv yees li 78%), uas yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ancient haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine kuj suav nrog Crimean Tatars, Russians, Belarusians, Poles, Jews, Romanians, Moldovans thiab lwm yam.
Modern state
Nyob rau hauv Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej (tshwj tsis yog daim ntawv pov thawj hnub yug), tus neeg lub tebchaws tsis qhia. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg yug los nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine cia li ua nws cov pej xeem. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, tsis hais lawv txoj kev ntseeg, haiv neeg, lus thiab kev nom kev tswv.
Cov haiv neeg tsawg, uas suav nrog cov neeg uas tsis yog Ukrainians qub, tab sis nco ntsoov ua raws li cov cai thiab cov qauv ntawm txoj cai tam sim no, koom ua ke sawv cev rau lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine thiab nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev, nrog rau cov thawj. neeg nyob.
Kyiv International Institute of Sociology tau tshawb fawb txog kev txiav txim siab haiv neeg ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws los ntawm txoj kev qhia lawv tus kheej dawb. Lawv tsom xam pom tias lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine yog ntau haiv neeg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, 62% ntawm cov haiv neeg Ukrainian nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev, 23% yog ob haiv neeg Lavxias-Ukrainians, 10% -Mono-Ethnic Russians, nrog rau 5% ntawm cov neeg koom nrog lwm pab pawg.
Pab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam hauv nruab nrab
Cia peb xav txog lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine los ntawm cheeb tsam, thiab pib nrog Kyiv. Nws lub nroog, cov nroog thiab cov zos yog nyob los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov haiv neeg uas tsis yog npe.
Ukrainians feem ntau nyob ntawm no (kwv yees li 90%). Qhov seem 10% yog Belarusians thiab lwm haiv neeg. Raws li xyoo 2001, 2,607.4 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tseeb daim duab no ntau dua, vim muaj coob tus neeg txawv tebchaws thiab cov neeg tuaj ntawm lwm lub nroog ua haujlwm thiab kawm ntawm no.
Thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Zhytomyr yog ntau haiv neeg. Cov neeg ntawm 85 haiv neeg nyob ntawm no! Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lawv yog Ukrainians. Qhov sib faib ntawm Russians nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm qhov chaw yog me me - tsuas yog 8%. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Zhytomyr yog cov neeg Poles coob nyob ntawm no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av. Muaj tsawg tus neeg uas muaj keeb kwm Belarusian, txawm hais tias ciam teb nrog Belarus nyob ze.
cheeb tsam Kirovograd yog nyob hauv ntau dua 85% ntawm Ukrainians. Thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, lawv cov lej nce mus txog 100%. Cov neeg nyob nrog Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, tsuas muaj 11% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem. Ntxiv rau lawv, thaj av ntawd yog neeg nyob hauv Bulgarians, Moldovans thiab Belarusians.
Left Bank
Cia peb txuas ntxiv mus tshawb txog lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine los ntawm cheeb tsam thiab txav mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xeev. Kwv yees li yim caum haiv neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Kharkiv. Ukrainians tsim ntau tshaj 60% ntawmtag nrho cov pejxeem. Lawv ua raws li Russians (30%). Tus so ntawm lub zej zog yog sawv cev los ntawm Belarusians, Tatars, Armenians thiab lwm yam.
thawj zaug loj Ukrainian zej zog nyob hauv cheeb tsam Dnipropetrovsk. Cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob ntawm no yog 70%. Qhov thib ob pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws yog Russians (25%). Lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv industrial chaw. Ntawm lwm haiv neeg, cov neeg Yudais thiab Belarusians sawv tawm.
cheeb tsam Donetsk yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws yog lub tsev rau 4.5 lab tus neeg nyob hauv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm Ukrainians (50%), Belarusians thiab Russians (42%), nrog rau cov neeg Yudais, Germans, thiab lwm yam. Lub nroog uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws yog lub nroog loj - Donetsk, Mariupol, Kramatorsk thiab Makeevka.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk, lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine yog ntau haiv neeg tshaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Cov neeg uas muaj haiv neeg Ukrainian nkaus xwb tseem muaj ntau (ntau tshaj 50%). Lawv ua raws li cov neeg Lavxias (tsawg dua 40%), Belarusians, Tatars thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau tshaj li ib puas lwm haiv neeg. cheeb tsam Luhansk nyob qib tsib hauv Ukraine raws li cov pej xeem ceev.
Southern Regions
tebchaws Ukrainian yeej nyob hauv cheeb tsam Zaporozhye (60%). Cov cheeb tsam no ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv ob peb thaj chaw uas muaj coob tus neeg nrog Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm nyob (30%). Ntawm lwm haiv neeg tsawg, Belarusians thiab Bulgarians tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Qhov kawg, raws li txoj cai, nyob hauv Primorye.
Hauv cheeb tsam Kherson xyoo 1989, 82% ntawm Ukrainians nyob. Tom qab ntawd tus lej no tau nce mus rau 84.6%. Thib obQhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem tau nyob los ntawm Russians, tab sis nyob rau hauv 2001 kev suav pej xeem pom tau hais tias lawv txo los ntawm 33.8% nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Ntawm lwm haiv neeg tsawg, Crimean Tatars, Belarusians thiab Poles sawv.
Hauv cheeb tsam Mykolaiv, feem ntawm Ukrainians tshaj 75%. Hauv thaj av qaum teb sab hnub poob, lawv cov lej nce mus txog 90%. Muaj txog 20% cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias. Moldovans thiab Belarusians nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av kuj tseem muaj ntau.
cheeb tsam Odessa muaj 55% Ukrainian pejxeem thiab 25% Lavxias. Ntawm lwm ob peb haiv neeg tsawg, Bulgarians, Gagauzians thiab Moldovans yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv cheeb tsam Odessa muaj Czechs, Greeks, Albanians thiab Poles. Cov pej xeem hauv paus txawm nyob yuav luag tag nrho nws thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb.
Lub Tuam Txhab Tswj Hwm ntawm Crimea thiab lub nroog Sevastopol: cov haiv neeg ntawm cov av no poob rau 74.4% ntawm Russians thiab 20.6% ntawm Ukrainians, 5% yog Crimean Tatars, Armenians, Germans, Jews, Latvians, Poles, Kauslim Teb, Estonians thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg uas muaj ntau haiv neeg, Tatars thiab Gypsies kuj nyob ntawm no.
Right Bank
cheeb tsam Volyn yog Western Ukraine. Cov haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm thaj chaw no yog xyaum ua homogeneous vim nws qhov chaw nyob. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog Ukrainians (ntau dua 95%). Cov neeg Lavxias (4%), Poles (0.5%) thiab lwm tus kuj nyob ntawm no, tib yam xwm txheej yog nyob rau hauv Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rivne, Khmelnitsky, Vinnitsa, Chernihiv, Poltava, Sumy, Ternopil thiab Cherkasy cheeb tsam.
Census dataNyob rau hauv 2001 lawv hais tias thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Chernivtsi yog inhabited los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 80 haiv neeg. Ntawm no, yuav luag tag nrho cov pejxeem muaj Ukrainians (75%). Lawv nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av ntawd. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ntawm cov haiv neeg hauv paus txawm muaj xws li sub-hais haiv neeg xws li Bessarabians, Hutsuls thiab Rusyns. Thawj nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, qhov thib ob - nyob rau sab hnub poob, thiab thib peb - nruab nrab ntawm tus dej Prut thiab Dniester.
Lub tebchaws loj thib ob ntawm thaj av Chernivtsi yog Romanians (10%). Lawv tau ua raws li Moldovans (kwv yees li 9%), thiab tsuas yog 7% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Russia.
Lub cheeb tsam Transcarpathian replenishes haiv neeg ntawm Ukraine nrog ntau haiv neeg nyob hauv nws. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, Hungarians (12.5%) thiab Slovaks (0.6%). Cov haiv neeg yog, ntawm chav kawm, Ukrainians. Thiab lawv suav txog ntau dua 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov neeg Lavxias (4%), Romanians, Gypsies, Germans, Belarusians, Italians thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm haiv neeg nyob ntawm no.
Pab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam
Ukraine suav nrog ntau thaj av zoo nkauj ntawm haiv neeg. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej kab lis kev cai, kab lis kev cai thiab haiv neeg. Rau ntau ntawm lawv, qee thaj av suav nrog lwm tus (piv txwv li, Pokutya nyob hauv Galicia). Tag nrho cov no tau faib cov niaj hnub lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Ukraine mus rau hauv cheeb tsam, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov qauv thiab dynamics. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj yim haiv neeg tsawg hauv lub xeev:
- Russians (8,334.1 txhiab);
- Belarusians (275.8 txhiab);
- Moldovans (258.6 txhiab);
-Crimean Tatars (248.2 txhiab);
- Bulgarians (204.6 txhiab);
- Hungarians (156.6 txhiab);
- Romanians (151.0 txhiab); - Ncej (144, 1 txhiab).
Cov haiv neeg tsawg saum toj no feem ntau nyob hauv thaj tsam ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws, tab sis cov neeg Ukrainians tau nyob hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab.
