Kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv, tsim ua ib hom lus, tsis tshua muaj yam tsis muaj cov lus qhia - cov lus siv los qhia txog ib yam khoom, qhov xwm txheej, tshwm sim lossis sijhawm. Demonstrative pronouns nyob rau hauv lus Askiv cov qauv sau ntawv zoo ib yam li lub hom phiaj rau Lavxias teb sab pronouns. Tab sis tseem lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Rau kev siv tag nrho cov lus hais hauv kev hais lus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kawm qee cov cai thiab sib sau ua ke kom muaj peev xwm siv lawv los ntawm kev tawm dag zog. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau cov lus qhia kom raug, cov kev sim yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj kev poob.
Txoj kev siv hauv kab lus
Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv yog qhov hloov pauvlawv cov ntawv nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe lawv xa mus. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus qhia hauv lus Askiv tsis yog tsuas yog muaj peev xwm siv cov lus no kom raug nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus thiab ntau ntau.
Examples:
paj daj (lub paj no daj) - singular.
Cov tsheb ntawd nrawm heev - plural.
Raws li qhov thib ob ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm qhov dav ntawm lawv siv hauv kab lus. Cov lus no tuaj yeem ua raws li kev kawm, tus cwj pwm lossis yam khoom.
Examples:
Cov ncuav qab zib qab heev (qhov no yog ncuav qab zib qab heev) - subject.
Koj puas xav ua qhov no? (Koj puas xav ua qhov no?) - ntxiv.
lub rooj zaum no yooj yim rau kuv pog laus (Lub rooj zaum no yooj yim rau kuv pog laus) - txhais.
Pronouns This/cov no
Lub npe no yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los taw rau ib qho khoom uas nyob ze. Cov lus no ua raws tib txoj cai, tab sis hais txog ob lossis ntau yam. Kev tawm dag zog ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv, xav txog cov khoom nyob rau hauv ncav cuag, feem ntau piav qhia txog cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, khoom thiab qhov tshwm sim.
Examples:
Npaj no ntsuab (cov kua no ntsuab).
Cov txiv tsawb no siav thiab qab heev (cov txiv tsawb no siav thiab qab heev)qab heev).
Pronouns That / Cov
Pronoun uas qhia txog ib yam khoom uas nyob deb ntawm tus neeg hais lus. Lub pronoun muaj homonym txhais ua "uas" lossis "dab tsi", uas tsis yog cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv. Cov kev tawm dag zog pab koj nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus sau zoo ib yam.
Examples:
Npauj npaim loj dhau (tias txiv maj phaub loj dhau lawm) - demonstrative pronoun.
Kuv xav tias koj yuav tsum ceev faj - homonym lo lus.
Cov lus hais txog ob lossis ntau yam khoom uas nyob deb ntawm tus neeg hais lus.
Example:
Cov me nyuam no zoo siab heev.
Tus hais lus Zoo thiab kab lus Ib yam
Lub npe xws li kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv. Kev tawm dag zog nrog nws txoj kev koom tes tuaj yeem qhia tau tias lub npe qhia qee qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev kawm.
Example:
Lawv yog neeg funny.
Kev qhia tib yam, dhau los, yog siv los ua Lavxias sib npaug ntawm "zoo ib yam" lossis "zoo ib yam".
Example:
Kuv muaj T-shirt tib yam.
Sib qhia lus Askiv
Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these and that can be used together - piv cov khoom,nyob rau hauv tus neeg hais lus kab pom.
Examples:
Nov yog txiv apple ntsuab thiab liab.
Cov no yog txiv apples thiab cov liab.
