Ib qho kev qhia muaj cov ntaub ntawv, nug txog nws, lossis qhia rau kev nqis tes ua. Feem ntau nws muaj lub hauv paus thiab cov tswv cuab theem nrab piav qhia nws. Txhawm rau kawm lossis rov ua kom lub cim xeeb ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kawm cov piv txwv ntawm kev txheeb cov kab lus hauv Lavxias.
qauv sau ntawv hauv kab lus parsing
Lub hauv paus yog qhov laj thawj heev hauv kev thov. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus, uas ncaj qha npe rau ib yam khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim, thiab qhov ua piv txwv - ib qho kev ua los yog qhia ntawm ib qho khoom.
Cov ntsiab lus ib txwm siv hauv thawj daim ntawv (nominative), tab sis tuaj yeem tsis yog tus npe xwb. Nws tuaj yeem yog:
- tus lej - qhia kom muaj nuj nqis, teeb tsa, tus lej (muaj peb hauv kab; plaub yog qhov kwv yees zoo tshaj rau nws);
- tus kheej pronoun (nws ntsiag to taug kev ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev; peb tawm hauv chav kawm);
- indefinite pronoun (tus neeg zaum hauv chav; ib yam dab tsi cuam tshuam kuv);
- negative pronoun (tsis muaj leej twg yuav txwv tau lawv);
- adjective nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe (lub luag hauj lwm raug xaiv los ntawm tus tswj; tus tub ceev xwm khaws cia txiav txim).
Nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam grammatical ntawm ib kab lus, cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog underlined, thiab tus predicate yog ob leeg underlined.
Tus predicate feem ntau yog ib qho lus qhia, tab sis muaj ntau hom:
- kev qhia yooj yooj yim, qhia los ntawm qhov kev qhia hauv txhua lub siab (tus dev khiav ntawm txoj kev; tus menyuam kawm ntawv sawv ntxov);
- compound verb, muaj xws li ib tug auxiliary verb (modal lo lus) thiab infinitive (nws pib khiav thaum sawv ntxov; Kuv yuav tsum mus ua hauj lwm);
Sentence Completeness
Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qia, cov kab lus yog ob feem, qhov twg ob tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb tam sim no, lossis ib qho yog implied (tsis tiav) (hmoov tuaj; nws nyob qhov twg (tawm "nyob")?), thiab ib feem. Cov tom kawg yog:
- txoj kev tus kheej, uas tus neeg ntawm qhov kev qhia ua kom meej tias nws yog leej twg (ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws (Kuv); mus taug kev (peb));
- tus kheej tsis muaj tseeb, qhia los ntawm cov lus ntuas yav dhau los hauv ntau qhov ntau (ib pem teb hauv qab no ua suab nrov; qhov chaw nyob deb lawv hu nkauj);
- generalized-personal, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau txhua tus neeg (feem ntau pom hauv cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais) (yog tias koj xav noj ntses, koj yuav tsum nce mus rau hauv dej; koj mus thiab qhuas qhov pom);
- tsis yog tus kheej,txhais tias tsis muaj khoom (nws tau tsaus; nws thov txim heev; nws txias hauv chav).
Me me tab sis tsis tseem ceeb tsawg
Txhawm rau muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov lus thib peb thiab kev tsim kho. Lawv yog:
- ntxiv - ib yam khoom, lo lus uas tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej, feem ntau yog ib tus neeg lossis cov lus (tus tswv yog cob qhia tus dev; koj hais kom koj tus viv ncaus sawv (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kab dotted));
- txhais - cov lus piav qhia lossis tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muaj npe, qhia los ntawm txhua yam uas tuaj yeem teb "dab tsi?" thiab "leej twg" raws li cov lus piav qhia, kev koom tes, lossis cov lus muaj peev xwm (muaj ib phau ntawv tuab ntawm lub txee; nws yog kuv niam phau ntawv (highlighted los ntawm ib tug wavy kab));
- circumstance - ib kab lus siv los piav qhia cov lus, teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas / ua li cas?", "thaum / txij thaum twg?", "qhov twg / qhov twg / qhov twg?", "vim li cas / vim li cas?" thiab feem ntau hais los ntawm cov npe nrog preposition, adverbs thiab participles (hnub no yuav muaj kev sib tham; peb mus maj mam; ib tug phooj ywg tau pw ntawm lub rooj zaum (highlighted los ntawm ib tug dot-dotted kab)).
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grammatical tsom xam ntawm kab lus hauv Lavxias
Thaum pars ib kab lus, lawv kuj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias muaj cov tswv cuab theem nrab, qhov kev pom zoo suav tias yog dav, raws li, yam tsis muaj lawv - tsis yog ib qho.
Cov kab lus nyuaj tsis nyuaj txhua
Ntau yam plug-in txuas ntxiv qhov kev thov, nce cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv. Lawv yog embedded ntawm lub ntsiabthiab cov tswv cuab theem nrab, tab sis twb tau txhais tias yog ib feem, uas mus raws li ib nqe lus cais nyob rau hauv grammatical tsom xam ntawm kab lus. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv yam tsis tau poob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv. Ntawm lawv:
- cais cov lus siv tau rau cov tswv cuab (pib txog cov cuab yeej, sawv cev raws li lub ntsiab lus) yog cov kab lus koom tes (lub lauj kaub tais diav uas sov rau ntawm qhov cub ci ntsa iab; txoj kev coj mus rau ib lub tsev sawv hauv hav zoov);
- xwm txheej cais (sawv tawm raws li qhov xwm txheej) yog cov lus hais lus (nws khiav, ntog pob zeb; saib ceev faj, tus dev tuav nws lub paw);
- homogeneous cov tswv cuab ntawm ib kab lus - ua haujlwm tib yam thiab ib txwm nug tib lo lus nug (cov phau ntawv, phau ntawv sau, sau ntawv (homogeneous subject) tau tawg (dab tsi?) rau hauv pem teb; hnub so peb tsuas yog (peb ua dab tsi? ua?) pw thiab taug kev (homogeneous predicate); nws saib (leej twg?) niam thiab tus muam (homogeneous ntxiv));
- thov txim rau ib tus neeg, uas ib txwm sib cais los ntawm comma thiab yog tus tswv cuab ywj pheej ntawm kab lus (kuv tus tub, koj tau ua qhov yog; Koj, Andrei, nkag siab tsis meej rau kuv);
- cov lus qhia (tej zaum, tej zaum, thaum kawg, thiab lwm yam) (Kuv yuav tsum tau zoo siab; tag kis, feem ntau yuav kub).
Yuav ua li cas cais kab lus txiav txim siab tag nrho cov khoom?
Rau kev sib cais, qhov tseeb algorithm tau tsim uas tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem yog tias koj paub tag nrho cov qauv saum toj no thiab cov khoom ntawm kab lus. Ntawm lawv, cov yooj yim thiab complex sawv tawm - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tsom xam yog txawv me ntsis rau lawv. Ntxiv ntxivKev soj ntsuam kab lus ntawm kab lus nrog piv txwv rau ib tus neeg mob.
kab lus yooj yim
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, npog nrog cov ntaub pua plag kub, lub nroog alleys whimsically shimmer.
1. Txhais cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog tib yam, xws li hauv qhov piv txwv no: alleys - cov ntsiab lus, shimmer - lub predicate.
2. Qhia txog cov tswv cuab theem nrab: (thaum twg?) Thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg - xwm txheej, (dab tsi?) npog nrog cov ntaub pua plag golden - cais txhais, (yuav ua li cas?) txawv txawv - xwm txheej, (dab tsi?) nroog - txhais.
3. Txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus:
Inpr. ntxovn.autumnn. covered with p. goldenadj. ntaubn., whimsicalnar.shimmer ch. urbanadj. alleysn.
4. Piav qhia cov paib:
- hom phiaj ntawm nqe lus (kev tshaj tawm, qhov tseem ceeb, kev nug);
- intonation (exclamatory, tsis-exclamatory);
- ntawm lub hauv paus (ob ntu, ib ntu - qhia qhov twg);
- fullness (ua tiav, tsis tiav)
- by lub xub ntiag ntawm theem nrab (common, non-common);
- nyuaj (yog tias ua li cas) lossis tsis nyuaj;
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov piv txwv no: piav qhia, tsis yog exclamatory, ob ntu, tag nrho, ntau, nyuaj los ntawm kev txhais lus sib cais.
Ntawm no yog tag nrho kab lus parsing zoo li.
kab lus nyuaj
Vim txoj kev nyuajcov kab lus suav nrog ob lossis ntau qhov yooj yim, nws yog qhov laj thawj zoo rau kev cais lawv cais, tab sis cov txheej txheem parsing tseem txawv. Lub grammatical tsom xam ntawm ib kab lus hauv Lavxias yog tsis meej. Cov kab lus sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov lus yooj yooj yim yog:
- , thiab lub platform shuddered);
- nyuaj, qhov yooj yim sib txuas los ntawm cov lus nug, sib ntxiv, tsis txhob poob ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab txuas nrog kev sib koom ua ke (thaum twg, qhov twg, ua li cas, yog li ntawd, thiab lwm yam) (thaum lub caij ntuj sov pib, lub qhov rais yuav tsum tau muab kaw; Kuv sawv raws nraim qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua ib zaug).
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ntsuas kab lus sib xyaw
Nyob hauv tsev neeg, tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm heev, tab sis hnub so txhua tus tuaj koom ua ke ntawm ib lub rooj loj.
- Txhua yam hauv paus sawv tawm. Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug complex kab lus: txhua - qhov kev kawm, yog tibneeg hu tauj coob - ib tug compound nominal predicate; txhua yam yog cov ntsiab lus, lawv tau mus ua tus twv.
- Txheeb xyuas qee qhov ntawm kev hais lus.
Inex.familyn., xijpeemadv. from ex. agen., txhuapronoun. wasch. very ad busyapp buts. toex.hnub so app. allpronoun. sib sau ua kech. rauex. lojadj. rooj su sch.
- Ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub koomhaum. Ntawm no - "tab sis". Yog li cov lus pom zoo sib koom.
- Koj tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm yog tias muaj kev sib koom siab (kab lus 2). Qhov piv txwv no yog cov kab lus sib xyaw, cov lus yooj yim hauv nws sib npaug (uas yog, yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem faib ua ob qho kev ywj pheej). Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis yog koom haum, cov khoom no tsis qhia.
- Ua ib qho kev piav qhia dav dav: piav qhia, tsis yog-exclamatory, complex, phooj ywg, compound.
- Parse yooj yim hauv nyias:
- hauv tsev neeg, tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm heev (nrawm, tsis hais lus, yooj yim, ob ntu, ua tiav, ntau, nyuaj los ntawm kev cais cais ntawm "tsis hais hnub nyoog") a
- nyob rau lub asthiv, txhua tus tuaj koom ntawm lub rooj loj (nrawm, tsis zam, yooj yim, ob ntu, tag nrho, faib, tsis sib law liag)
kab lus nyuaj
Lub algorithm yuav zoo sib xws, tsuas yog nrog kev qhia ntawm lub koom haum subordinating. Nws yog ib feem ntawm subordinate clause. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb (square brackets) thiab nrhiav seb cov subordinate clauses (round brackets) yog "txuas" rau nws.
Ntawm no yog ib yam kev xa tuaj, tsis yog yam uas yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis kuj feem ntau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas yog qhov sib txawv. Lub rooj sib tham ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai, vim hais tias lub ntsiab lus txausgeneral thiab yooj yim digestible. Rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws, nws nyuaj vim qhov kev hloov pauv loj, tab sis qhov ntawd ua rau cov lus Lavxias zoo nkauj.
