Bernard Shaw ib zaug hais ib qho zoo heev: “Muaj 50 txoj hauv kev hais tias yog, ntau txoj hauv kev hais tsis tau. Tab sis tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev los sau nws. Qhov no yog hais txog intonation. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog nws cov kev pab koj tsis tau tsuas yog qhia ib tug xav, tab sis kuj qhia koj tus cwj pwm rau qhov tau hais. Intonation yog dab tsi? Vim li cas thiaj tsim nyog?
Definition
Intonation yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm lub zog, tempo thiab lub suab ntawm kev hais lus. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub suab ntawm lub suab. Lub ntsiab hom ntawm intonation yog raws li nram no: piav qhia, exclamatory thiab interrogative. Thawj qhov sib txawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hais lus sib luag thiab ntsiag to, tab sis lub suab lus kawg tau hais tawm me ntsis qis dua li lwm tus. Piv txwv li, "Koj tau txais daim pib mus rau Hawaii" tsuas yog hais qhov tseeb.
Cim lub siab lub ntsws xim thiab hais txog cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub suab nrov dua - qhov no yog hais txog hom exclamatory ntawm lub koom haum hu nkauj ntawm kev hais lus ("Koj nqa daim pib mus rau Hawaii!"). Hauv kab lus ntawm hom tom kawg, lo lus nug tau hais meej nrog nce intonation. Nws tiav lawmTxawm hais tias nws yog qhov pib lossis qhov kawg ntawm kab lus ("Koj puas tau txais daim pib mus rau Hawaii?").
Vim li cas hloov intonation?
Lub suab tib neeg yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo. Yog tias koj siv nws kom raug, nrog nws cov kev pab koj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo, txav cov neeg tuaj saib, txawm tias ua kua muag. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - txhawb kev ua. Hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, qhov no feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis thaum hais lus rau pej xeem, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem.
Kev hais lus, txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv intonation, zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv, uas sau cov ntawv ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas lub suab ntawm lub suab zoo li lub suab paj nruag ua si ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Qee tus neeg hais lus, vim kev zoo siab lossis qhov tseeb tias lawv tab tom sim nyeem cov ntawv sau uas twb tau sau lawm, tsis nco qab txog dab tsi intonation. Yog li ntawd, lawv hais lus suab yeej monotonous. Xws li kev ua yeeb yam yog lulling. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yog tus hais lus tsis hloov lub zog, lub suab lossis lub suab ntawm lub suab, ces tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm rau nws cov lus.
Yuav ua li cas?
Tab sis qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog qee qhov kev ua kom yuam kev. Piv txwv li, kos nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus hais nyob qhov twg nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv lub zog ntawm lub suab, thiab qhov twg yuav ua rau kom lub tempo. Cov ntawv ceeb toom no yuav ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib xav tsis thoob. Cov neeg hais lus paub hais tias qhov zais cia ntawm lawv txoj kev vam meej yog tias lawv sim ua kom lawv tus kheej nrog cov kev xav uas lawv xav qhia rau cov neeg mloog. Thiab ces lub intonation ntawm kev hais lus tsis suab artificially, tab sisUa tsaug.
Hloov lub zog ntawm lub suab
Cov txheej txheem no tsis yog ib ntus nce lossis txo qis hauv ntim, uas tshwm sim nrog boring monotony. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav cuam tshuam lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau zaus thiab tsis ncaj ncees ntawm lub suab yuav txiav pob ntseg. Nws yuav zoo li ib tug neeg tab tom tig lub ntim nce thiab nqis hauv xov tooj cua ib ntus.
Lub zog ntawm lub suab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau nthuav tawm qhov kev thov ceev, kev txiav txim, kev rau txim lossis kev txiav txim siab tob, ces qhov kev hais lus ntau ntxiv yuav tsim nyog heev. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nqe lus. Cov kev xav thib ob yuav tsum tau hais los ntawm kev ua kom lub ntim tsis muaj zog thiab ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm kev hais lus. Lub suab nrov thiab muffled qhia kev zoo siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Tab sis yog tias koj ib txwm hais lus ntsiag to, ces cov neeg tuaj saib yuav pom qhov no yog kev tsis ruaj ntseg lossis tsis quav ntsej rau lawv cov lus. Qee zaum kev siv tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev siv lub suab ntawm kev hais lus tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej thaum cov lus xav tau tsis yog lub zog, tab sis kev sib raug zoo.
Dab tsi yog intonation: hloov tempo
Nyob rau hauv kev sib tham txhua hnub, cov lus ntws yooj yim thiab spontaneously. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg zoo siab rau ib yam dab tsi, nws hais sai sai. Thaum nws xav kom cov neeg tuaj saib nco qab nws cov lus zoo, nws qeeb qeeb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev hais lus rau pej xeem, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus hais lus nco cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub siab. Hauv qhov no, nws intonation yog txias. Nwstsom tsuas yog tsis nco qab ib yam dab tsi. Yog li ntawd, qhov nrawm ntawm nws cov lus yuav zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv kev hais lus.
Yuav kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev li no, koj yuav tsum kawm cov tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib tham uas muaj peev xwm. Kev hais lus yuav tsum nrawm nrawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tseem ceeb lossis cov ntsiab lus me. Tab sis cov kev xav tseem ceeb, cov lus sib cav tseem ceeb lossis cov ntsiab lus climactic yuav tsum tau hais qeeb, kom meej meej, nrog kev npaj. Lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sib tham sai sai uas qhov kev txiav txim siab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws.
Dab tsi yog intonation: pitch
Yog tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tseem ceeb (kev hloov pauv), kev hais lus yuav tsis muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev xav. Kev xyiv fab thiab kev mob siab rau tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm kev tsa lub suab, kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tu siab los ntawm kev txo qis. Kev xav pab tus hais lus mus cuag nws lub siab ntawm cov neeg mloog. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws yuav nrawm dua los txhawb kom lawv ua qee yam.
Tseeb tiag, muaj cov lus tonal (xws li Suav) uas hloov suab cuam tshuam lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau lub tswv yim ntawm dab tsi intonation yog. Lavxias teb sab lus tsis yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv nws, nrog kev pab los ntawm modulation, koj muaj peev xwm qhia txawv kev xav. Piv txwv li, tig ib kab lus tshaj tawm mus rau hauv ib qho kev nug, nws qhov kawg yog hais nrog nce intonation. Yog li ntawd, peb pom cov kab lus hais txawv.
Intonation rau ib nqe lus, txawm hais tias nws yog kev sib tham txhua hnub lossis kev hais lus rau pej xeem, zoo li cov txuj lom rau zaub mov. Yog tsis muaj lawv, nws yog tasteless. Qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsum tau sivsiab thiaj li tsis mus overdo nws. Hauv qhov no, kev hais lus yuav zoo li dag thiab tsis ncaj ncees.
