Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog ib qho kev hais lus uas xws li pearls li cov kab lus nrov thiab cov kab lus tsis zoo. Qhov no yog kev nplua nuj ntawm txhua yam lus, nws kho kom zoo nkauj. Ib ceg ntawm kev hais lus, kab lus, tau mob siab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov kab lus.
Dab tsi yog ib lo lus nug?
Philologists nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm kaj thiab cim kab lus txhais peb hom lem: phraseological ua ke, kev sib sau thiab fusion. Qhov kawg yog ib qho idiom. fusion yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib chav phraseological uas tsis yog semantically faib, uas yog, nws lub ntsiab lus tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov muab los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws constituent cov lus. Ntau yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog ib daim ntawv uas twb tsis siv lawm los yog lub ntsiab lus, tam sim no tag nrho incomprehensible.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo heev yog qhov hais tias "sib tus ntiv tes xoo." Nws yog siv thaum lawv xav qhia tias ib tug neeg tab tom messing ib puag ncig, tsis xav txog dab tsi baclush yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws yuav tsum raug ntaus.
Nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm uas tsis xav tau kev tsim nyog lossis kev txawj tshwj xeeb, txawm tias tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua tau: lub cav tau muab faib ua qhov khoob, los ntawm tus tswv ces ua ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, piv txwv li., ntoo diav.
Tam sim no"idiom" los ntawm Greek thaum ub txhais tau tias "feature, originality", "special turnover". Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi ib tug idiom yog zoo illustrated los ntawm ib tug sim los txhais cov nqe lus no rau txawv teb chaws. Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua ua li no: raws li lawv hais, ib tug untranslatable pun.
Siv cov lus hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Nws nyuaj txawm xav txog tej hauj lwm twg yuav tsis siv idioms. Cov lus sau ntawv tsis siv lawv yuav ploj mus thiab, zoo li nws yog, khoom siv. Idioms ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv nws li organically uas tej zaum lawv tsis txawm pom thaum lub sij hawm siv.
Sim xav txog tej kev sib tham uas ib tug neeg, qhia lwm tus txog cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lwm tus, yuav piav tau ntev npaum li cas nws nplua nuj. Feem ntau, nws yuav tau qhia nws tus kheej luv luv thiab succinctly: "Yog lawm, nws tsis peck rau nyiaj," piv txwv li, tus heroine ntawm A. Ostrovsky ua nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam "Tus kheej neeg - peb yuav daws."
Cov lus no muaj nyob hauv A. Chekhov, thiab I. Shmelev, thiab lwm yam classics thiab sau ntawv. Thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tib lub ntsiab lus zoo li no. Piv txwv tsis muaj qhov kawg.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov chav nyob hauv kab lus yog lawv qhov piv txwv, piv txwv. Academician N. M. Shansky txawm muab lawv txhais li "cov hauj lwm me me ntawm kos duab." Muaj peev xwm tsim tau zoo tag nrho yam tsis muaj lawv?
Siv cov lus hais hauv xov xwm
Cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub thiab cov ntawv xov xwm sim muab kev nthuav qhia ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawvexpressiveness, kev xav. Cov lus ntawm cov xov xwm loj yog enriched nrog lub peev xwm ntawm ruaj khov lem tsis tsuas yog los txhais ib co khoom los yog tshwm sim, tab sis kuj qhia lawv cov kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm tus sau. Lub siab xav ntawm phraseological units "ua haujlwm" rau qhov no. Lawv cov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tau siv dav hauv ntau hom kev sau xov xwm.
Idioms ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus hauv kev tshaj xov xwm loj "tso cai rau lawv tus kheej" los pauv lawv cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau ntxiv lossis rho tawm, uas los ntawm thiab loj cuam tshuam qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kab lus.. Qhov no yog ua los txhim kho qhov xav tau.
Yog li, hauv xovxwm koj tuaj yeem nrhiav "ntxiv" idioms xws li "incite loj passions" es tsis txhob tsim "incite passions", "soap your neck well" - "soap your neck". Lo lus "nws mus dhau hluav taws thiab dej" tuaj yeem pom yam tsis muaj lo lus kawg "thiab cov kav tooj liab".
Tus neeg sau xov xwm tshaj tawm ntau dua siv cov lus hais lus, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau nws tau txais, thiab qhov txaus tus nyeem ntawv cov lus teb rau nws yuav yog.
Siv idioms hauv kev hais lus
Cov kab lus ruaj khov, zoo li cov lus, muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas lawv muaj peev xwm sau npe cov khoom thiab lawv cov cim, tshwm sim thiab xeev, nrog rau kev ua. Idioms ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ib lo lus thiab rov ua dua. Yog li, hauv kev hais lus sib tham, es tsis txhob lo lus "tsis ua haujlwm", qhov kev qhia ruaj khov "sleeveless" pom ntau dua. Yog tias koj xav hais txog qhov me me ntawm ib yam dab tsi, es tsis txhob lo lus "me ntsis" nws yuav zoo li "nroggulkin lub qhov ntswg" los yog "tus miv quaj". Tsis meej pem - tsis meej pem, rau koj nyiam (tsis yog koj nyiam) - nyiam (tsis nyiam). Koj tuaj yeem muab ntau yam piv txwv ntawm idioms thaum lawv yeej hauv kev sib tw nrog cov lus zoo tib yam.
Kev sib tham ua suab nrov ntau dua yog tias, tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tus neeg ua siab loj, cov neeg sib tham pom zoo tias nws "tsis yog los ntawm qhov phem"; hais tias ib tug neeg ua lawv txoj hauj lwm tsis ua li cas, tab sis "los ntawm ib tug stump-deck"; thiab lwm tus hnav khaub ncaws tshiab, uas yog, ib qho tshiab, thiab tom qab tham, lawv yuav mus "tua kab" es tsis txhob siv "khoom noj txom ncauj".
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus hais hauv Lavxias
Phraseological units nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv peb cov lus. Idioms ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv epic tej hauj lwm ntawm lub qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab, classical thiab niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv, yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev cuab tam rau lawv creation, thiab nyob rau hauv xov xwm thiab niaj hnub kev hais lus.
Lawv tau pom qhov tseeb ntawm txhua kauj ruam, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub lawv lub hauv paus thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog - lub ntsiab lus, lub ntsiab lus. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws yuav tuaj yeem siv lawv kom muaj peev xwm thiab tsim nyog, ntxiv dag zog thiab ua rau koj tus kheej cov lus muaj yeeb yuj. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov kev paub no yuav pab kom nkag siab ntau yam ntawv nyeem.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus hauv peb cov lus tseem loj heev vim tias ua tsaug rau lawv koj tuaj yeem qhia koj tus cwj pwm rau qhov no lossis qhov xwm txheej lossis qhov tshwm sim raws li qhov ua tau, "tig" lub ntsiab lus piv txwv.
Koj tuaj yeem hu rau laconization ntawm kev hais lus. Phraseologism, shortening nws, zoo li yog squeezing nws,ua rau nws muaj zog.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus hais txawv teb chaws
phraseological units yog cov nplua nuj ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus txheej no muaj txaus muaj nyob hauv lwm lub tshuab. Ntxim qab heev yog cov lus Suav , uas yog ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm tob tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws no. Muaj txog 14 txhiab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus sib raug.
Sib npaug rau Suav cov lus hais ua lwm hom lus yog qhov nyuaj heev rau nrhiav, vim lawv feem ntau ua raws li qee yam lus dab neeg hauv tebchaws lossis keeb kwm tseeb.
Ib yam li ntawd, cov lus Askiv ntawm cov lus Askiv sawv cev ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus Askiv lexicon. Nrog kev txhais lus, zoo li los ntawm Lavxias teb sab mus rau lwm yam lus txawv teb chaws, kev nyuaj kuj tshwm sim ntawm no. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov lus qhia classic yog cov lus Askiv It's raining cats and dogs, uas txhais tau tias "los nag miv thiab dev." Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus "nws nchuav zoo li lub thoob."
Raws li peb cov lus, hauv lus Askiv phraseological fusions yog siv nyob rau hauv cov lus sib txawv thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sau ntawv.
Zoo kawg
Ib txhia ntawm lawv cov lus sib txuas lus tau siv ntau zaus, qee qhov tsawg dua, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov nplej los ntawm "kub cia" ntawm cov lus hauv tebchaws thiab keeb kwm hauv tebchaws.
Suav idioms tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, vim lawv tsis tsuas yog hais txog "tis" ntawm cov lus, tab sis yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai Suav, uas tib neeg zoo li no.zoo li kev txawj ntse, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev phooj ywg. Tag nrho cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm phraseological units ntawm Middle Kingdom.
Thaum pom tias lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi, peb tuaj yeem xaus: nws yog kev txawj ntse ntawm qhov no lossis cov neeg, sau thoob plaws nws keeb kwm thiab khaws cia rau hnub no. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov duab ruaj khov tig muab qhov tob thiab xim tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom lus.
