Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb caw koj los xav txog cov haujlwm ntawm lysosomes hauv cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav xyuam xim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov organoid no thiab nws cov qauv.
Raws li nws twb tau paub meej lawm, lysosome yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub cell. Thiab txhua yam uas peb pom, yam peb kov, thiab peb tus kheej yog tus tsim, muaj ntau yam me me. Lub xovtooj ntawm tes yog lub tsev tsim qauv ntawm txhua yam kabmob uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo uas tso cai rau nws muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej:
- tus kheej metabolism;
- reproducibility;
- kev tsim tawm (tus kheej tsim tawm);
- kev txhim kho.
Zoo, tam sim no peb thov kom txav mus rau qhov kev txaus siab rau peb, xav txog nws cov qauv thiab qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes hauv cell.
Lysosome
Tam sim no peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov kab mob no kom ntxaws ntxiv thiab muab kev faib rau koj. Ua ntej peb teev thiab xav txog cov haujlwm ntawm lysosomes hauvcell, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hais txog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm kev tshawb pom. Cov granules me me no tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb de Duve hauv lub siab ntawm tes. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX.
Lysosome yog kab noj hniav uas muaj ntau yam hydrolytic enzymes (ntau dua 80 hom tuaj yeem suav tau). Nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm daim nyias nyias, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej tias nws yog ib leeg. Cov tsos ntawm cov organoids no tsis zoo ib yam, feem ntau nws yog ib tug puag ncig, tsis pub tshaj 0.8 microns inch.
Lub membrane ntawm lysosomes tsis muaj tib lub thickness, nws permeability hloov nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm tej yam kev mob. Yog li, labilizers (uas yog, nce permeability) yog:
Ythyroxine;
Yprogesterone;
Vitamin A;
Reverse effect:
- prednisolone;
- cortisone thiab lwm yam.
Nyob hauv cov hlwb sib txawv tsis yog tib tus lej ntawm lysosomes, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv cov hlwb nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm phagocytosis. Piv txwv li yog macrophages lossis leukocytes. Tsis tas li ntawd suav nrog yog cov uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau, tso tawm thiab tso tawm. Lawv yog:
- cov hlwb epithelial;
- gut;
- kidney;
- prostate, thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no luv luv txog kev faib tawm ntawm lysosomes. Muaj ob hom: thawj thiab theem nrab. Thawj yog hu ua cumulative. Ntawm qhov thib ob, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- phagolysosomes;
- cytolysosomes;
- residual cev.
Functions
Tam sim no peb thov kom cais ob peb lub luag haujlwm ntawm lysosomes hauv lub cell. Yog li, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem suav nrog:
- cellular digestion;
- autophagy;
- autolysis;
- kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov qauv sab nraud.
Tam sim no peb yuav piav luv luv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus no. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntxiv txog cellular digestion thiab autophagy me ntsis tom qab. Tam sim no - txog dab tsi ua haujlwm lysosomes ua thaum lub sijhawm tuag ntawm tes.
txheej txheem no hu ua autolysis. Lub lysosome membrane tuaj yeem tawg, uas ua rau tso tawm cov enzymes uas muaj nyob hauv nws. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis ua lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim lawv tsuas yog deactivated hauv cytoplasm ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm ib lub xovtooj tsis yog qhov teeb meem, tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias txhua tus lysosomes ua txhaum lawv cov qauv? Ces qhov kev tuag ntawm lub cell nws tus kheej tshwm sim. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm autolysis yog kev tuag ntawm tus Tsov tus tw hauv Qav tadpoles.
Peb tau hais ua ntej tias lysosomes ua haujlwm ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv cell. Peb caw koj los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem no. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, lysosomes tau muab faib ua ob pawg, thaum lub plab zom mov kuj tseem nyob rau theem nrab. Nws yog nws leej twg ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm digestion hauv cell. Nws yog tsim los ntawm fusion ntawm phagosome thiab thawj lysosome.
Lub plab zom mov muaj qhov loj dua, nce mus txog 1, 2 microns. Nws muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm inclusions. Ntawm no thiabCov tshuaj uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cell yog ua tiav. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias lawv tau zom los ntawm hydrolysis rau cov khoom hnyav molecular. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem yooj yim dhau los ntawm lysosome membrane. Ntxiv mus, lub cell xav kom lawv tsim cov organelles tshiab.
Autophagy
Thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes hauv lub cell yog dab tsi? Peb twb tau hais tias ntawm lawv cov kev teem caij muaj xws li autophagy. Cov txheej txheem no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntes cov khoom hauv lub cell thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lysosomes. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 3 hom autophagy:
- micro;
- macro;
- chaperone.
Hauv thawj kis, lysosome ntes cov khib nyiab thiab zom lawv rau lub zog lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum yoo mov. Thaum lub sij hawm macroautophagy, autophagosome thiab lysosome koom ua ke, ua rau tsim ib qho autophagolysosome. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov seem ntawm futofagosomes yog digested. Hom thib peb tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv cov tsiaj me thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab. Nrog rau hom autophagy no, lub hom phiaj thauj cov proteins mus rau hauv lysosomes tshwm sim.
