Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein zom hauv peb lub cev? Cov organic tshuaj no yog cov khoom siv roj ntsha tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov cell nyob. Ntau lub luag haujlwm uas cov protein molecules ua nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj sia tsis tuaj yeem raug them los ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom, vim nws yog nyob rau hauv polypeptides uas tseem ceeb amino acids pom. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins yog lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv kev rov ua dua ntawm RNA thiab DNA molecules.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lwj ntawm cov protein molecules
Nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lub neej tag nrho yam tsis muaj protein ntau. Lawv yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab, cov kabmob, thiab ntau yam ntaub so ntswg. Protein rhuav tshem cov khoom yog cov amino acids. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev ua neej nyob los tsim cov protein molecules tshiab tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob muab. Amino acids tau los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov protein molecules yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes,hemoglobin, lwm yam khoom uas ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev.
Qhov tseem ceeb amino acids, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nkaus xwb nrog zaub mov, yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis ntawm protein molecules. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov protein tshiab los ntawm cov amino acid residues tso cai rau lub cev tau txais lub zog thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlwb tshiab.
Mechanism ntawm cov txheej txheem kev zom cov protein
Cia peb xav txog qhov tshwm sim no kom ntxaws ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov protein yog txuam nrog cov tshuaj biochemical tshwm sim hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov hnyuv. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv thiab cov txiav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem no. Kev tawg ntawm ib kilogram ntawm cov protein yuav tsum tau nrog kev tso tawm ntawm 17.6 kJ ntawm lub zog. Tom qab polypeptide tawg mus rau hauv cov amino acids, cov txheej txheem tsis nres. Tom ntej no los tsim cov khoom inorganic: carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, dej.
Ntse
Kev tawg ntawm cov protein hauv lub cev yog txheej txheem uas muab lub cev muaj zog tsim nyog. Cov organic tebchaw no muaj ntau tshaj nees nkaum amino acids, tab sis tsuas yog yim ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub cev. Cov amino acids uas ploj lawm yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov. Yuav kom ua tiav assimilation ntawm cov zaub mov protein, cov amino acids yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj npaum li cas. Nws yog tus kheej rau txhua yam kabmob muaj sia. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov amino acids, thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm cov protein molecules,Kev koom tes ntawm lwm cov amino acids hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob muaj sia.
Ntawm cov khoom lwj
Lub cev tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj protein ntau. Cov khoom kawg ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov protein yog cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev muaj sia. Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Ntiaj Teb tau ua pov thawj tias qhov tsis muaj protein ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teb chaws tsis muaj kev tsim kho. Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm cov protein hauv cov ntshav, osmotic siab ntawm cov ntshav txo qis, nws yuav siv dej los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg zuj zus, tshaib plab edema tshwm.
txheej txheem essence
Y Protein hydrolysis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm proteolytic enzymes (biological catalysts). Nws pib ntawm qhov kub tsis tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov enzymes ntawm lub plab zom mov ua rau peptide daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis txhua tus xaiv "lawv" daim ntawv cog lus uas tsim cov amino acids.
Piv txwv li, pepsin sai sai rhuav tshem cov nyiaj serine thiab alanine residues, thaum trypsin "paub" lysine thiab arginine pawg.
Nyob hauv plab, kev puas tsuaj yog ua los ntawm cov kua qaub ib puag ncig ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau kev ua ntawm pepsin. Nws rhuav tshem cov kev sib raug zoo hauv cov protein molecule, cov khoom sib cuam tshuam yuav yog cov tawg loj ntawm cov protein polymer - peptones. Lawv mus rau duodenum, qhov chaw uas lawv tau hloov dua siab tshiab nyob rau hauv cov enzymes: chymoptrypsin, trypsin, peptidases. Protein degradation yog txuam nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm peptide bonds, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm enzyme. Tom qab kev kho mob nrog chymotrypsinib nrab ntawm peptide bonds yog hydrolyzed.
Tom qab cov protein tawg yog nqa tawm hauv cov hnyuv me nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm peptidase enzymes.
Carboxypeptidases muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov amino acids los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov qauv protein los ntawm carboxyl kawg, thiab aminopeptidases ua rau sab uas muaj cov amino pawg dawb tam sim no, faib dipeptides rau hauv cov amino acids dawb.
Vim yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pab pawg enzymes nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub plab zom mov, cov zaub mov protein tau tawg tag rau hauv cov amino acids dawb.
Lawv tau nqus los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me thiab xaus rau hauv cov ntshav. Feem ntau ntawm cov amino acids no tau faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev, nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Hauv cov hlwb, lawv tau siv los tsim cov proteins tshiab uas tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob. Qhov no yog siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob thaum ua cov txheej txheem hloov ntshav kom tsis muaj kev tsis lees paub cov khoom pub dawb.
Protein quality
Nyob hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb, nrog rau cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas muaj cov protein molecules, nyob tas li, txawm tias nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom cov protein yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog loj.
noj zaub mov tsis muaj protein ua rau tuag, vim lub cev tsis tau txais cov amino acids tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov protein uas tau noj nrog cov zaub mov, tab sis kuj yog lawv qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau them nyiaj rau cov protein uas tau lwj hauv lub cev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nrog zaub mov.tuaj 1 g ntawm cov amino acid methionine. Proteins ntawm plaub hau, plaub, ntaub plaub muaj tag nrho cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg. Los ntawm 1915, nws tau pom tias cov protein zein, uas yog ib feem ntawm pob kws, tsis txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes. Thaum cov amino acid tryptophan ntxiv rau nws, cov kab mob muaj sia loj tuaj.
Cov protein sib txawv ntawm lub cev, cov ntaub so ntswg, kab mob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav molecular, nqi, amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lwm yam. Cov protein ntawm ib lub cev yog txawv teb chaws mus rau lwm tus. Kev tawg ntawm cov protein ua rau tsim cov amino acids uas xav tau rau kev noj haus.
