Cov kws tshawb fawb paub tias cov xim cog qoob loo yog dab tsi - ntsuab thiab ntshav, daj thiab liab. Cog pigments yog hu ua cov organic molecules uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob - nws yog ua tsaug rau xws li inclusions uas lawv kis tau xim. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, chlorophyll pom ntau dua li lwm tus, uas muaj nyob hauv lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Txiv kab ntxwv, xim liab, daj daj yog muab los ntawm carotenoids.
Thiab ntau ntxiv?
Cov xim cog muaj nyob hauv chromo-, chloroplasts. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, niaj hnub science paub ntau pua ntau yam ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm hom no. Qhov feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pom tau pom yog xav tau rau photosynthesis. Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom, pigments yog qhov chaw ntawm retinol. Pink thiab liab ntxoov, variations ntawm xim av thiab bluish yog muab los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm anthocyanins. Xws li pigments tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell sap. Thaum cov hnub luv luv thaum lub caij txias,pigments hnov mob nrog lwm cov tebchaw tam sim no hauv lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau cov xim ntawm cov xim ntsuab yav dhau los hloov. Cov nplooj ntoo ua ci ntsa iab thiab muaj yeeb yuj - tib lub caij nplooj zeeg peb tau siv los.
Tej zaum yuav luag txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm theem siab paub txog chlorophyll, cov xim cog qoob loo tsim nyog rau photosynthesis. Vim qhov sib xyaw no, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb tuaj yeem nqus tau lub teeb ntawm lub hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, tsis tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj chlorophyll. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom, qhov sib xyaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg, vim nws muab kev tiv thaiv ntuj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov xim inhibits carcinogens thiab lav DNA tiv thaiv los ntawm kev hloov pauv raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom.
Chlorophyll yog cov xim ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshuaj sawv cev rau cov molecule. Nws yog nyob rau hauv chloroplasts. Nws yog vim li no molecule uas cov cheeb tsam no yog xim ntsuab. Hauv nws cov qauv, cov molecule yog lub nplhaib porphyrin. Vim qhov tshwj xeeb no, cov xim zoo ib yam li heme, uas yog cov qauv ntawm hemoglobin. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus atom: nyob rau hauv heme, hlau siv nws qhov chaw; rau chlorophyll, magnesium yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug pom qhov tseeb no hauv xyoo 1930. Qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim 15 xyoo tom qab Willstatter pom cov khoom siv.
Chemistry thiab Biology
Ua ntej, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov xim ntsuab hauv cov nroj tsuag tuaj hauv ob hom, uas tau muab npe rau obthawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam, txawm tias me me, tseem nyob ntawd, thiab pom pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov saw hlau sab. Rau thawj ntau yam, CH3 ua lawv lub luag haujlwm, rau hom thib ob - CHO. Ob daim ntawv ntawm chlorophyll yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm active photoreceptors. Vim lawv, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog tivthaiv ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob. Tom qab ntawd, peb hom tshuaj chlorophyll tau txheeb xyuas.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb, cov xim ntsuab hauv cov nroj tsuag hu ua chlorophyll. Kev tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule no nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, nws tau pom tias cov wavelengths uas tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov xim sib txawv me ntsis rau hom A thiab B. Qhov tseeb, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus. lwm yam, yog li muab cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm ua kom nqus tau qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog. Feem ntau, thawj hom chlorophyll feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv peb zaug siab dua qhov thib ob. Ua ke lawv tsim ib tsob nroj ntsuab pigment. Peb lwm hom tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qub ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Ntse ntawm molecules
Kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov xim cog, nws pom tias ob hom chlorophyll yog cov roj-soluble molecules. Synthetic ntau yam tsim nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam dissolve nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis lawv nqus nyob rau hauv lub cev yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm fatty compounds. Nroj tsuag siv pigment los muab lub zog rau kev loj hlob. Hauv kev noj haus ntawm tib neeg, nws yog siv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev rov zoo.
Chlorophyll, zoo lihemoglobin tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab tsim cov carbohydrates thaum txuas nrog cov saw hlau. Pom pom, cov protein zoo li tsim tsis muaj qhov tseeb thiab cov qauv, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb, thiab yog li ntawd chlorophyll tuaj yeem ruaj khov kho nws txoj haujlwm zoo.
Kev ua haujlwm yam ntxwv
Cov kws tshawb fawb, kawm cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua, pom tias nws muaj nyob hauv txhua cov zaub ntsuab: cov npe suav nrog zaub, algae, kab mob. Chlorophyll yog ib qho natural compound tag nrho. Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv, hloov pauv ntawm DNA nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom. Kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb tau teeb tsa hauv Indian Botanical Garden ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom, chlorophyll tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab tshiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov kab mob pathological, thiab tseem ua rau cov haujlwm ua rau mob.
Chlorophyll yog luv luv. Cov molecules no yooj yim heev. Lub hnub lub rays ua rau cov pigment tuag, tab sis cov nplooj ntsuab muaj peev xwm tsim cov molecules tshiab thiab tshiab uas hloov cov neeg uas tau ua haujlwm rau lawv cov phooj ywg. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, chlorophyll tsis tsim lawm, yog li cov nplooj poob nws cov xim. Lwm cov xim tuaj rau pem hauv ntej, yav tas los muab zais los ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas sab nraud.
Tsis muaj kev txwv rau ntau yam
Ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag pigments paub rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no yog qhov loj heev. Ib xyoos ib zaug, cov kws tshawb fawb pom ntau thiab ntau dua tshiab molecules. Tsis ntev los no tau uaCov kev tshawb fawb tau ua kom nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv peb hom ntxiv rau ob hom chlorophyll uas tau hais los saum toj no: C, C1, E. Txawm li cas los xij, hom A tseem suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tab sis carotenoids txawm tias ntau haiv neeg. Cov chav kawm ntawm pigments no paub zoo rau kev tshawb fawb - nws yog vim lawv cov cag zaub ntug hauv paus, ntau yam zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus, thiab lwm yam khoom plig ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb tau txais ntxoov ntxoo. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv tau pom tias canaries muaj cov plaub daj vim yog carotenoids. Lawv kuj muab xim rau lub qe qe. Vim muaj ntau ntawm carotenoids, cov neeg Esxias cov neeg muaj cov tawv nqaij tshwj xeeb.
Txhua tus txiv neej lossis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsiaj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm biochemistry uas yuav tso cai rau kev tsim cov carotenoids. Cov tshuaj no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm vitamin A. Qhov no yog ua pov thawj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag pigments: yog hais tias tus qaib tsis tau txais zaub mov, lub qe yolks yuav yog ib tug tsis muaj zog ntxoov ntxoo. Yog hais tias tus canary tau noj ntau cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carotenoids liab, nws cov plaub yuav ua rau lub teeb ci liab.
Xav paub nta: Carotenoids
Cov xim daj hauv cov nroj tsuag hu ua carotene. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias xanthophylls muab cov xim liab. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ob hom no paub txog kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog yog pheej nce. Xyoo 1947, cov kws tshawb fawb paub txog xya kaum carotenoids, thiab los ntawm 1970 muaj ntau tshaj li ob puas. Rau qee qhov, qhov no zoo ib yam li kev paub txog kev paub hauv physics: thawj zaug lawv paub txog atoms, tom qab ntawd electrons thiab protons, thiab tom qab ntawd nthuav tawm.txawm tias me me, rau lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tsuas yog siv. Puas muaj peev xwm hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb? Raws li cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm physicists tau pom, nws yog ntxov dhau los siv cov lus zoo li no - kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau tsim los txog qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lawv, yog tias muaj. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau tsim nrog cov xim - los ntawm xyoo mus rau xyoo tshiab hom thiab hom tau pom, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas yog xav tsis thoob, tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau qhov xwm txheej.
About Functions
Cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua tseem tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas thiab vim li cas qhov xwm txheej tau muab ntau hom xim molecules. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee tus neeg ntau yam tau raug nthuav tawm. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias carotene yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej kev nyab xeeb ntawm chlorophyll molecules los ntawm oxidation. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv yog vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm singlet oxygen, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li ib qho khoom ntxiv. Cov tshuaj no muaj zog heev.
Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xim daj hauv cov nroj tsuag yog nws lub peev xwm los ua kom lub sijhawm wavelength uas xav tau rau cov txheej txheem photosynthesis. Tam sim no, qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj tseeb, tab sis ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav los qhia tias qhov pov thawj kawg ntawm qhov kev xav tsis yog nyob deb. Cov rays uas cov nroj tsuag ntsuab xim tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov xim daj xim molecules. Lub zog raug coj mus rau chlorophyll rau kev hloov pauv ntxiv.
Pigments: sib txawv
Tsuas yog qee qhovntau hom carotenoids, pigments hu ua aurones, chalcones muaj xim daj. Lawv cov qauv tshuaj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li flavones. Xws li pigments tsis tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv, inflorescences ntawm oxalis thiab snapdragons, lawv muab cov xim ntawm coreopsis. Cov xim zoo li no tsis zam cov pa luam yeeb. Yog tias koj fumigate ib tsob nroj nrog luam yeeb, nws yuav tig liab tam sim ntawd. Kev sib xyaw ua ke lom neeg tshwm sim hauv cov nroj tsuag nrog kev koom tes ntawm chalcones ua rau tiam neeg ntawm flavonols, flavones, aurones.
Ob leeg tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag muaj melanin. Cov xim no muab cov xim av xim av rau cov plaub hau, ua tsaug rau nws tias curls tuaj yeem tig dub. Yog hais tias lub hlwb tsis muaj melanin, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb ua albinos. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, cov xim muaj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab thiab nyob rau hauv ib co inflorescences nyob rau hauv lub petals.
Blue thiab ntau
Nroj tsuag tau txais nws cov xim xiav ua tsaug rau phytochrome. Nws yog ib tug protein cog pigment lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj flowering. Nws tswj cov noob germination. Nws paub tias phytochrome tuaj yeem ua kom lub paj tawg ntawm qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag, thaum lwm tus muaj cov txheej txheem rov ua kom qeeb. Rau qee qhov, nws tuaj yeem muab piv nrog lub moos, tab sis lom neeg. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub txhua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov xim. Nws tau pom tias cov qauv ntawm cov molecule no tau hloov kho los ntawm lub sijhawm nruab hnub thiab lub teeb, xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qib ntawm lub teeb hauv ib puag ncig mus rau cov nroj tsuag.
Blue pigment innroj tsuag - anthocyanin. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau ntau yam. Anthocyanins tsis tsuas yog muab cov xim xiav xwb, tab sis kuj yog paj yeeb, lawv kuj piav qhia cov xim liab thiab lilac, qee zaum tsaus nti, nplua nuj ntshav. Kev tsim cov tshuaj anthocyanins nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb raug pom thaum lub ambient kub poob, tiam ntawm chlorophyll nres. Cov xim ntawm cov nplooj hloov ntawm ntsuab mus rau xim liab, liab, xiav. Ua tsaug rau anthocyanins, roses thiab poppies muaj paj liab liab. Tib cov xim piav qhia qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm geranium thiab cornflower inflorescences. Ua tsaug rau xiav ntau yam ntawm anthocyanin, bluebells muaj lawv cov xim ilv. Qee yam ntawm hom xim no tau pom nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, liab cabbage. Anthocyanins muab cov xim ntawm sloes, plums.
Zaj thiab tsaus
Paub cov xim daj, uas cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua anthochlor. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm primrose petals. Anthochlor muaj nyob rau hauv primroses, ram inflorescences. Lawv yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv poppies ntawm daj ntau yam thiab dahlias. Cov xim no muab cov xim zoo nkauj rau toadflax inflorescences, txiv qaub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws tau raug txheeb xyuas hauv qee cov nroj tsuag.
Anthofein yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Qhov no yog xim dub. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov chaw tshwj xeeb tshwm sim ntawm corolla ntawm qee cov legumes.
Txhua cov xim ci ntsa iab yog tsim los ntawm xwm rau cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cog. Ua tsaug rau qhov xim no, cov nroj tsuag nyiam cov noog thiab tsiaj txhu. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov noob.
Hais txog cov hlwb thiab cov qauv
Kev txiav txim siabCov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj zog npaum li cas nyob ntawm cov xim, cov molecules li cas, yog vim li cas tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm pigmentation yog tsim nyog, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias plastids muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag lub cev. Qhov no yog lub npe muab rau lub cev me me uas yuav muaj xim, tab sis kuj tsis muaj xim. Xws li lub cev me me tsuas yog thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cog. Tag nrho cov plastids tau muab faib ua chloroplasts nrog ntsuab tint, chromoplasts stained nyob rau hauv txawv variations ntawm liab spectrum (xws li daj thiab transitional ntxoov), thiab leucoplasts. Tom qab tsis muaj ntxoov ntxoo.
Nquag, ib lub cell cog muaj ntau yam plastids. Cov kev sim tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev no hloov ntawm hom mus rau hom. Chloroplast muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ntsuab-stained. Leukoplasts feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zais ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha rays. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv rhizomes, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tubers, sieve hais ntawm ib co hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Chromoplasts yog feem ntau rau cov paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav. Thylakoid daim nyias nyias yog enriched nyob rau hauv chlorophyll thiab carotenoids. Leucoplasts tsis muaj cov xim molecules, tab sis tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, sib sau cov khoom noj khoom haus - proteins, starch, qee zaus rog.
Reactions and transformations
Kawm txog cov xim photosynthetic ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias chromoplasts muaj xim liab, vim muaj cov carotenoids. Nws feem ntau lees paub tias chromoplasts yog kauj ruam kawg hauv kev txhim kho plastids. Tej zaum lawv yuav tshwm sim thaum hloov pauv ntawm leuko-, chloroplasts thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog. Loj heevlub xub ntiag ntawm xws li molecules txiav txim cov xim ntawm foliage nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, raws li zoo raws li kaj, lub qhov muag pleasing paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Carotenoids yog tsim los ntawm algae, cog plankton, thiab nroj tsuag. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qee cov kab mob, fungi. Carotenoids yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag. Qee cov tsiaj muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm biochemistry, vim tias carotenoids hloov mus rau lwm cov molecules. Cov khoom noj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tau los ntawm cov khoom noj.
Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm liab flamingos, cov noog no sau thiab lim spirulina thiab qee cov algae kom tau cov xim daj, los ntawm cov canthaxanthin, astaxanthin ces tshwm. Nws yog cov molecules uas muab noog plumage xws li xim zoo nkauj. Ntau cov ntses thiab noog, crayfish thiab kab muaj xim ci vim carotenoids, uas tau los ntawm kev noj haus. Beta-carotene hloov mus rau hauv qee cov vitamins uas siv rau tib neeg cov txiaj ntsig - lawv tiv thaiv qhov muag los ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet.
liab thiab ntsuab
Hais txog cov xim photosynthetic ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lawv tuaj yeem nqus cov photons ntawm lub teeb tsis muaj zog. Nws raug sau tseg tias qhov no tsuas yog siv rau ib feem ntawm cov spectrum pom rau tib neeg lub qhov muag, uas yog, rau lub wavelength nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 400-700 nm. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem nqus tau tsuas yog quanta uas muaj lub zog txaus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv photosynthesis. Kev nqus tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pigments. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog cov qauv qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej hauv ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag - kab mob, algae. Nws tau raug tsim los tias lawv muaj cov sib txuas sib txawv uas tuaj yeem lees txais lub teeb pom kev hauv qhov pom. Qee hom tuaj yeem tau txais lub teeb nthwv dej ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tsis pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag - los ntawm ib qho thaiv ze ntawm infrared. Ntxiv nrog rau chlorophylls, xws li kev ua haujlwm yog muab los ntawm xwm rau bacteriorhodopsin, bacteriochlorophylls. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm phycobilins, carotenoids.
Kev sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag photosynthetic pigments txawv ntawm pawg mus rau pawg. Ntau yam yog txiav txim los ntawm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas daim ntawv ntawm lub neej nyob. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua hauv ntiaj teb muaj ntau yam xim me dua li evolutionarily ancient ntau yam.
yog dab tsi?
Kawm txog cov xim photosynthetic ntawm cov nroj tsuag, peb pom tias cov nplooj ntoo siab dua tsuas muaj ob hom chlorophyll (hais ua ntej A, B). Ob hom no yog porphyrins uas muaj magnesium atom. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo uas nqus lub teeb lub zog thiab coj nws mus rau cov chaw tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov chaw zov me nyuam muaj ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho hom 1 chlorophyll tam sim no hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm no yog thawj kev sib cuam tshuam yam ntxwv ntawm photosynthesis tshwm sim. Chlorophyll yog nrog los ntawm carotenoids: raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom, feem ntau muaj tsib ntau yam ntawm lawv, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Cov ntsiab lus no kuj khaws lub teeb.
Yuav yaj, chlorophylls, carotenoids yog cov nroj tsuag xim uas muaj lub teeb nqaim nqaim uas nyob deb heev ntawm ib leeg. Chlorophyll muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plawsnqus xiav nthwv dej, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov liab, tab sis lawv ntes lub teeb ntsuab tsis muaj zog. Spectrum expansion thiab sib tshooj yog muab los ntawm chloroplasts cais tawm ntawm nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau. Chloroplast daim nyias nyias txawv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, vim cov xim ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov proteins, rog, hnov mob rau ib leeg, thiab lub zog txav mus los ntawm cov khoom sib sau thiab cov chaw khaws cia. Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub teeb haum spectrum ntawm ib nplooj, nws yuav tig mus rau ntau complex, smoothed tshaj ib chloroplast.
Reflection thiab absorption
Kawm txog cov xim ntawm nplooj nplooj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee feem pua ntawm lub teeb uas cuam tshuam cov nplooj yog cuam tshuam. Qhov tshwm sim no tau muab faib ua ob hom: iav, diffuse. Lawv hais txog thawj zaug yog tias lub ntsej muag ci, du. Qhov kev xav ntawm daim ntawv yog feem ntau tsim los ntawm hom thib ob. Lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv cov tuab, tawg, hloov cov kev taw qhia, txij li ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv txheej txheej thiab sab hauv daim ntawv muaj qhov sib cais ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov sib txawv. Cov teebmeem zoo sib xws tau pom thaum lub teeb hla dhau ntawm cov hlwb. Tsis muaj zog nqus, txoj kev kho qhov muag yog ntau dua li cov thickness ntawm daim ntawv, ntsuas geometrically, thiab daim ntawv muaj peev xwm nqus tau ntau lub teeb dua li cov xim uas tau muab rho tawm los ntawm nws. Nplooj kuj nqus zog ntau dua li chloroplasts tau kawm cais.
Vim tias muaj cov xim cog qoob loo sib txawv - liab, ntsuab thiab lwm yam - feem, qhov tshwm sim nqus tsis sib xws. Daim ntawv tuaj yeem pom lub teeb ntawm qhov sib txawv wavelengths, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov zoo heev. Lub peev xwm nqus tau siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov nplooj ntsuab yog muaj nyob rau hauv violet thaiv ntawm spectrum, liab, xiav thiab xiav. Lub zog ntawm kev nqus yog xyaum tsis txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm chlorophylls li cas. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov nruab nrab muaj lub zog tawg siab heev. Yog tias cov xim tau pom nyob rau hauv siab concentration, nqus tau tshwm sim ze ntawm qhov chaw.
