Present Perfect and Past Perfect belongs to the group of perfect tenses in English. Lawv qhia txog qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov ua tiav, tab sis ib qho yog hais txog tam sim no, lwm qhov mus rau yav dhau los. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb kuj tseem yuav saib qhov yooj yim yav dhau los tense, raws li cov neeg kawm lus Askiv feem ntau tsis meej pem yav dhau los thiab Present Perfect.
Txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub sijhawm zoo meej
Present Perfect Simple tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov lus Lavxias zoo meej ntawm cov lus qhia dhau los (sau, kawm, tuaj, ua). Cov neeg hais lus Lavxias tuaj yeem nkag siab nws los ntawm qhov kev xav no. Cov neeg Amelikas thiab cov neeg Askiv pom lub tswvyim ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.
Raws li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv qauv sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, kev ua hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem xaus, vim tias nws yog tiag. Yog hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim tau xaus (tiav), ces lub sij hawm yog obviously dhau los.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lus Askiv zoo meej
Cov lus Askiv muaj nws tus kheej lub tswv yim: raws li nws cov qauv, ib qho kev ua hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab lub sijhawm no yog tam sim no zoo meej. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, zoo meej daim ntawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub dhau los, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lus Askiv. Lub sijhawm zoo meej hais txogtias ib qho kev nqis tes ua lossis qhov tshwm sim tau tshwm sim thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm tam sim no hauv lub sijhawm. Tam sim no Perfect thiab Past Perfect, qhov tseeb, yog ntxaib, tsuas yog ib qho hais txog yav dhau los, thaum lwm tus hais txog lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Tam sim no Zoo meej siv thiab piv txwv
Cia peb xav txog cov qauv ntawm kev kawm Present Perfect.
Subject + Auxiliary have (muaj rau tus neeg thib peb) + cov lus qhia tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv thib peb.
Thaum twg yuav tsum siv lub sijhawm no? Tam sim no Perfect yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim uas tau ua. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Present Perfect, muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej zoo meej. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov kev txiav txim tiav. Lavxias teb sab verbs tuaj yeem ua qhov sib npaug rau kev nkag siab lub sijhawm no: ua thiab ua.
- Peb tau xa ib tsab ntawv rau koj. - Mu twb xa tsab ntawv tuaj rau koj lawm.
- Nws tau rho npe. - Nws twb tau rho npe lawm.
Thov nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm no feem ntau txhais ua lus Lavxias hauv lub sijhawm dhau los. Tag nrho cov kev ua no cuam tshuam rau tam sim no nrog lawv qhov kawg tshwm sim, uas yog, muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Kev siv thib ob ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tam sim no yog piav qhia txog kev ua neej dhau los:
- Kuv nyob ntawm no tau 15 xyoos. - Kuv nyob ntawm no tau kaum tsib xyoos.
- Nws tau noj hauv lub tsev noj mov Liab Dragon peb zaug. - Nws noj ntawm lub tsev noj mov liab Dragon peb zaug.
Ntau lub sij hawm no yog siv thaum tham txogtus naj npawb ntawm kev ua. Lub zoo meej kuj tseem siv tau thaum muaj kev nqis tes ua thaum lub sijhawm uas tseem tsis tau tas. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tiav yog cov cim lub sijhawm: hnub no - hnub no, tag kis no - tag kis no, xyoo no, hli, thiab lwm yam.
Tseem muaj qee qhov tshwm sim, tab sis lub sijhawm tseem tsis tau xaus (lub lim tiam no lossis xyoo). Yog li, nws tuaj yeem ua qhov kev txiav txim lossis rov ua dua thaum lub sijhawm no.
Past Perfect: lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm
Tam sim no cia peb tham txog yav dhau los Perfect. Nws ib txwm txuas nrog lwm qhov kev ua yav dhau los. Past Perfect qhia txog qhov kev ua uas tshwm sim ua ntej lwm lub sijhawm lossis ib lub sijhawm yav dhau los.
Present Perfect thiab Past Perfect, raws li tau hais los saum no, ob qho tib si yog cov ntawv zoo meej, tab sis qhov kawg yog hais txog lub sijhawm dhau los. Qhov thib ob qhov kev txiav txim, uas tshwm sim tom qab, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv yav dhau los Simple, cov cim kuj siv tau. Cov no yog cov lus:
- by - (rau qee lub sijhawm);
- after - (tom qab);
- ua ntej - (ua ntej);
- thaum - (thaum twg);
- earlier - (yav dhau los);
- first - (ua ntej).
Present Perfect thiab yav dhau los Perfect feem ntau muaj tib lub pointer, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm lub cev muaj nqis. Past Perfect yuav luag ib txwm los ua ib qho ntxiv. Nws ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov yooj yim yav dhau los tense.
Koj tuaj txog ntawm tshav dav hlau thaum 8.20, tab sis lub dav hlau tau tawm mus. Peb tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb thaum 7:30,tab sis lub tsheb ciav hlau twb tawm lawm
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm Tam sim no thiab yav dhau los Perfect yog lub sijhawm cim:
- just - (tam sim no);
- twb - (twb);
- yet - (twb, tsis tau).
Koj tuaj yeem hais tias cov no yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm zoo meej.
Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg kawm lus Askiv yog xaiv ntawm Yav Dhau Los Yooj Yim thiab Tam Sim No Perfect. Qhov teeb meem yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, tab sis lawv nqa ib tug txawv semantic load. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nkag siab qhov yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm, qhov twg yuav tsum tau hais.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Present Perfect thiab yav dhau los:
1. Nyob rau tam sim no Perfect (tam sim no zoo meej), ib qho kev ua yav dhau los muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog lub sijhawm tam sim no.
2. Yav dhau los Yooj yim hais txog lub sijhawm uas tau dhau mus ntev thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tam sim no tiag. Qhov ntawd yog, dab tsi nyob mus ib txhis.
Piv ob kab lus:
Nws ib txwm nyiam ua luam dej. - Nws ib txwm nyiam ua luam dej
kab lus no txhais tau hais tias tus neeg yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua luam dej ntxiv, tej zaum nws tau tuag.
Nws ib txwm nyiam ua luam dej
Kev txhais lus yog tib yam ntawm no. Tsuas yog txhais tau tias nws tseem hlub thiab nyiam ua luam dej tam sim no.
