Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, nyob ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm Smolensk, Hitler txoj kev cia siab rau qhov ci ntsa iab tawm tsam Soviet Union tsis tau muaj tseeb. Ntawm no, cov tub rog German uas koom nrog Pab Pawg Tub Rog "Center" tau bogged rau 2 lub hlis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog liab thiab yog li poob tsis yog lub sijhawm xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev ceev ntawm kev ua ntej, nrog rau cov rog uas lawv xav tau. yav tom ntej.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk xyoo 1941 yog tag nrho cov haujlwm, ob qho tib si tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Central, Western, Bryansk thiab Reserve Fronts tawm tsam cov tub rog fascist uas koom nrog Pab Pawg Tub Rog. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Xya Hli 10 thiab Cuaj Hlis 10. Kev tawm tsam ntawm ob tog kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw loj, npog txog 650 km ntawm kab pem hauv ntej thiab tob txog li 250 km. Kev tsov rog ntshav tau pib. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk, kuv yuav tsum hais, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws.
German Plans
Shelthawj xyoo ntawm tsov rog. Thaum Lub Xya Hli, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm fascist tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau Field Marshal Theodore von Bock, uas tau txib cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tuav kev tiv thaiv raws tus dej Dnieper thiab Western Dvina. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov German rog tau ntes cov nroog ntawm Smolensk, Orsha thiab Vitebsk. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau lawv qhib txoj hauv kev ncaj qha rau kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam Moscow.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet
Thaum kawg ntawm lub Rau Hli, cov lus txib hauv Soviet tau pib nce cov tub rog liab sai sai raws ntug dej ntawm Western Dvina thiab Dnieper. Lub luag haujlwm tau teem tseg: mus tuav Polotsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Kraslava, Dnieper River thiab ruaj ntseg cov kab no. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov tub rog German mus rau hauv nruab nrab cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, nrog rau Moscow. 19 pawg tau xa mus rau qhov tob ntawm 250 km ntawm kab pem hauv ntej. Smolensk kuj tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, txib los ntawm Marshal S. Timoshenko, muaj 5 pab tub rog (37 pawg). Thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog cov neeg tawg rog ntawm cov tub rog Soviet rov qab los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Western Belarus. Tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tsuas yog 24 pawg tau tswj kom tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw xa tawm.
Txoj kev xav thiab tus lej ntawm cov tub rog German
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk xyoo 1941 yog qhov loj heev. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog uas tau koom nrog nws. Thaum lub sij hawm txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tab tom mus, German lus txib tseem rublub zog tseem ceeb ntawm ob ntawm lawv cov pab pawg tank hauv thaj av ntawm Western Dvina thiab Dnieper. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, infantry Division ntawm 16th Army, uas yog ib feem ntawm North Group, nyob rau hauv lub sector los ntawm Drissa mus rau Idritsa.
Raws li ob pawg tub rog uas koom nrog "Center" pawg, thiab qhov no yog ntau tshaj 30 pawg, lawv nyob li ntawm 130-150 km tom qab kev tsim tawm. Yog vim li cas rau qhov ncua sij hawm no yog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Belarus.
Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm los tsim qee qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk hauv xyoo 1941 tau muab faib ua 4 theem. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tseem ceeb heev ntawm keeb kwm.
First stage
Nws kav li ntawm 10 mus rau 20 Lub Xya Hli. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj zuj zus ntxiv, uas tau los nag rau ntawm sab xis thiab nruab nrab ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Lub German Panzer Group ntawm Hermann Goth thiab 16th Field Army, ua ke, tswj kom dismember 22nd thiab tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm 19th Army, nyob rau hauv lub Vitebsk cheeb tsam. Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua, Nazis tau tswj hwm Velizh, Polotsk, Nevel, Demidov thiab Dukhovshchina.
Ua tsis tiav, Soviet units ntawm 22nd Army tau ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus dej Lovat. Yog li ntawd lawv tuav Velikiye Luki. Lub caij no, 19th, sib ntaus sib tua, raug yuam kom thim mus rau Smolensk. Nyob ntawd, ua ke nrog cov tub rog 16, nws tau tawm tsam kev tiv thaiv rau lub nroog.
Meanwhile lub 2nd Panzer Group, uastxib los ntawm Heinz Guderian, ib feem ntawm nws cov tub rog muaj peev xwm mus ncig lub Soviet pab tub rog nyob ze Mogilev. Lawv lub zog tseem ceeb raug pov tseg ntawm kev ntes Orsha, Smolensk, Krichev thiab Yelnya. Qee qhov ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau nyob ib puag ncig, lwm tus tau sim ua kom Mogilev. Lub caij no, cov tub rog 21st tau ua tiav kev ua txhaum cai thiab tso Rogachev thiab Zhlobin. Tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj nres, nws pib mus rau Bykhov thiab Bobruisk. Nrog rau cov kev ua no, nws tau pinned lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog thib 2 ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
theem ob
Nov yog lub sijhawm txij Lub Xya Hli 21st txog Lub Yim Hli 7th. Cov tub rog Soviet uas tau tawm tsam rau Sab Hnub Poob tau txais kev txhawb nqa tshiab thiab tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Yartsevo, Bely thiab Roslavl. Nyob rau sab qab teb, ib pab tub rog tub rog, uas muaj peb pawg, tau pib nws qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov flank thiab sim tawm tsam cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas yog ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Pab Pawg, los ntawm sab nraub qaum. Tom qab ntawd, cov stragglers koom nrog cov Germans.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 24, cov tub rog 13 thiab 21 tau koom ua ke rau hauv Central Front. Colonel General F. Kuznetsov tau tsa tus thawj coj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawv ncauj thiab ntshav sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog Soviet tau tswj hwm los cuam tshuam cov phiaj xwm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg tub rog, thiab cov tub rog thib 16 thiab 20 tau tawm tsam lawv txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Tom qab 6 hnub, lwm sab pem hauv ntej tau tsim - Lub Txiaj Ntsig. General G. Zhukov los ua tus thawj coj.
Third stage
Nws kav li ntawm 8 txog 21 Lub Yim Hli. Lub sijhawm no, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tsiv mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Smolensk mus rau Central, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Bryansk Front. Qhov kawg yog tsim rau lub Yim Hli 16th. Lieutenant General A. Eremenko tau raug xaiv los txib lawv. Txij li thaum Lub Yim Hli 8, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tau ua tiav txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Germans thiab lawv pab pawg tank. Hloov chaw ntawm kev nce qib ntawm Moscow, Nazis raug yuam kom tawm tsam qee qhov ntawm cov tub rog Soviet uas hem lawv los ntawm sab qab teb. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg German tseem tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv av li ntawm 120-150 km. Lawv tau tswj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov kev tsim ntawm Central thiab Bryansk fronts.
Muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev thaiv. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Loj, thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, qhov chaw ntawm Southwestern thiab Central Fronts raug tshem tawm dhau ntawm Dnieper. Cov tub rog ntawm Western thiab Reserve, nrog rau 43rd thiab 24th pab tub rog pib ua rau muaj zog tawm tsam rau cov yeeb ncuab hauv thaj tsam ntawm Yartsevo thiab Yelnya. Vim li ntawd, cov neeg German raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev.
4 theem
Qhov kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 22 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 10. Cov tub rog German thib ob, ua ke nrog pab pawg tank, txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus nrog Soviet units ntawm Bryansk pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam tau raug kev tawm tsam huab cua tsis tu ncua. Ntau tshaj 450 lub dav hlau tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam huab cua no. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm pawg tank tsis tuaj yeem nres. Nws ua rau muaj zog heev rau sab xis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Yog li ntawd, lub nroog ntawm Toropets tau nyob los ntawm Germans. Lub 22nd thiab 29th pab tub rog raug yuam kom thim dhau ntawm Western Dvina.
Lub Cuaj Hlis 1, cov tub rog Soviet tau xaj kom mus tawm tsam, tab sis nws tsis ua tiav. Tsuas yog ua tiavliquidate ib tug txaus ntshai protrusion ntawm Germans nyob ze Yelnya. Thiab twb nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 10, nws tau txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tsam thiab mus rau kev tiv thaiv. Yog li xaus kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk xyoo 1941.
Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Smolensk
Qee cov keeb kwm zoo li ntseeg tias cov tub rog Soviet tawm hauv nroog thaum Lub Xya Hli 16. Tab sis qhov tseeb qhia tias Tub Rog Liab tiv thaiv Smolensk. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov kev poob tseem ceeb los ntawm cov neeg German, uas nrhiav kev tawg mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog thiab ntes nws.
Txhawm rau ncua cov tub rog yeeb ncuab, thaum Lub Xya Hli 17, ntawm kev xaj ntawm Colonel P. Malyshev, sappers tau tawg txuas txuas hla Dnieper. Tau ob hnub muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua, thaum ntau lub nroog hauv nroog tuaj yeem hla ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm qhov ob peb zaug.
Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg German tau tsim lawv lub zog sib ntaus sib tua, thiab thaum sawv ntxov Lub Xya Hli 19 lawv tseem tuaj yeem ntes tau ib feem ntawm Smolensk, nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus dej. Tab sis cov tub rog Soviet tsis tau mus muab lub nroog rau cov yeeb ncuab. Smolensk tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv thaum Lub Xya Hli 22 thiab 23. Thaum lub sijhawm nws, Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav kev tawm tsam zoo heev, thiab kev ywj pheej tom qab txoj kev, thaiv tom qab thaiv. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub nroog, Nazis tau siv lub tank flamethrower. Cov txheej txheem no los ntawm nws cov muzzles spewed loj streaks ntawm nplaim taws, ncav mus txog 60 m nyob rau hauv ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau German tsis tu ncua ya hla lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.
Tshwj xeeb yog kev sib ntaus sib tua sib ntaus sib tua rau lub nroog toj ntxas, nrog rau txhua lub tsev pob zeb. Feem ntau lawv loj hlob mus rau hauvtes-rau-tes sib ntaus, uas feem ntau xaus rau hauv kev yeej rau sab Soviet. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev uas cov neeg German tsuas tsis muaj sijhawm tshem tawm lawv cov neeg tuag thiab raug mob los ntawm tshav pob.
Ntawm peb lub tebchaws Soviet uas koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Smolensk, txhua tus tsis muaj ntau tshaj 250-300 tus tub rog, thiab zaub mov thiab mos txwv tau tag nrho. Lub caij no, ib pab pawg sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm K. Rokossovsky tau rov qab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Yartsevo los ntawm cov Germans, thiab tseem ntes cov hla hla Dnieper ze Solovyov thiab Ratchino. Nws yog qhov kev txiav txim no uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thim rov qab 19th thiab 16th Soviet pab tub rog los ntawm kev ncig.
Cov chav kawg ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau tawm ntawm Smolensk thaum hmo ntuj ntawm 28 txog 29 Lub Xya Hli. Tsuas yog ib pab tub rog tseem nyob. Lawv tau coj los ntawm tus kws qhia kev nom tswv loj A. Turovsky. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub battalion no yog los npog lub tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsiab rog ntawm lub Soviet troops los ntawm Smolensk, raws li zoo raws li simulate lub xub ntiag ntawm loj tub rog formations nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim, cov neeg muaj txoj sia nyob tau tsiv mus rau cov neeg tawm tsam.
Results
Xyoo 1941, Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau tshwm sim. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk tau muab cov thawj coj ntawm Red Army qhov tsim nyog kev ua tub rog, yam tsis muaj qhov nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj zog thiab muaj zog. Qhov kev tawm tsam no, uas kav ntev li 2 lub hlis, yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm Hitler txoj kev npaj blitzkrieg tawm tsam Soviet Union.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog superhuman thiab ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, nrog rau tus nqi ntawm kev poob loj, Tub Rog Liab tau tswj hwm kom tsis txhob muaj yeeb ncuab thiab mus rau kev tiv thaiv.txoj kev mus rau Moscow. Cov tub rog Soviet tau coj cov pab pawg German tank, uas lawv xav siv los ntes lub nroog tseem ceeb thib ob hauv USSR - Leningrad.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk, cov duab ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, qhia tias muaj coob tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, ntawm tus nqi ntawm lawv lub neej, khov kho thiab tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm txhua qhov 'meter' ntawm lawv thaj av.. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov pej xeem tsis yog ntawm lub nroog xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm thaj av, uas tau muab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov haujlwm tiv thaiv. Kwv yees li 300 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv zos tau ua haujlwm ntawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev ua phem. Ntau tshaj 25 cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
