Lub raum ua haujlwm li cas thiab yog dab tsi? Cov lus nug yog qhov nthuav heev. Peb txhua tus paub kwv yees li cas lub cev nws yog, tab sis nws tsis zoo li feem ntau yuav muaj peev xwm muab cov ntsiab lus tseeb. Zoo, nws tsim nyog kho qhov no thiab qhia txhua yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev.
Short definition
Qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub raum, thawj qhov uas yuav tsum ua yog muab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no. Nws yuav yog. Lub raum yog ib khub taum-zoo li lub cev uas tswj cov tshuaj homeostasis ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Thiab qhov no tshwm sim vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tso zis. Vim tib yam, lub cev no yog ib feem ntawm cov zis. Nws nyob hauv qhov chaw retroperitoneal (kom meej meej, hauv thaj tsam lumbar, ntawm ob sab ntawm tus txha nraub qaum). Thiab thaum kawg, ob lub raum yog lub cev uas ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov zis. Thiab qhov no, raws li koj paub, yog cov kua uas muaj cov tshuaj uas tseem ceebkhib.
Kev tsim cov kua dej tso zis
Thaum tham txog qhov haujlwm ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm, qhov no yuav tsum tau hais ua ntej. Txij li thaum tsim cov zis yog lub ntsiab "lub luag hauj lwm" ntawm lub cev. Thaum pib, dej thiab lwm yam kua dej yog lim los ntawm peb txheej ntawm glomerular lim (lub raum corpuscle, ib hom "sieve"). Feem ntau cov protein thiab ntshav plasma dhau los ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd cov zis thawj yog sau rau hauv cov tubules. Los ntawm lawv, cov kua uas tsim nyog rau lub cev yog absorbed, nrog rau ntau yam as-ham. Cov kauj ruam kawg yog hu ua tubular secretion. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, tag nrho cov khoom uas lub cev tsis xav tau dhau los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov zis thib ob, uas tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub zais zis. Txhawm rau muab nws yooj yim, txhua yam uas tuaj yeem pab tau rau peb tseem nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab muab faib los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Thiab cov khoom tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev lossis ua rau muaj kab mob, malaise, tus kab mob - tuaj tawm hauv cov zis. Yog li, nws paub meej tias vim li cas lub raum feem ntau hu ua peb lim.
Yam kom paub
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub raum ntxiv rau tshem tawm cov khoom lag luam metabolic hauv lub cev? Ua tau ntau. Muaj tsib ntawm lawv - excretory, homeostatic, metabolic, endocrine thiab tiv thaiv. Qhov uas piav saum toj no yog thawj. Thiab kuv xav tsom rau nws.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias hauv 24 teev txog 1500 (!) litres ntshav hla peb lub raum! Thiab ob peb tus neeg paub tias txog 180 litres ntawm cov zis tawm ntawm lawv. Tus lej zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg. Tab sis tiag tiag - 180 litres ntawm cov zis tawm ntawm 1500 litres ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog thawj theem. Tom qab ntawd dej yog nqus los ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau theem kawg, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ob litres ntawm cov kua tso zis yog tsim, uas ib tug neeg eits. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua no yog raws li nram no: 95% dej thiab 5% qhuav solids. Tab sis qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm neeg. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev quav dej caw, cov zis muaj cov protein (thiab cov khoom siv cawv). Qhov no yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum. Hauv cov neeg haus dej cawv, cov kabmob no zoo li txaus ntshai, thiab tuaj yeem tshawb pom thaum lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Lub raum yog wrinkled, blackened, nrog yellowish me ntsis thiab loj o (overgrown connective ntaub so ntswg). Cov kabmob zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li qub. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov tshuaj lom tsuas yog nyob twj ywm hauv cov ntshav. Thiab yog li ntawd, cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim thiab txhim kho, qhov tshwm sim phem tshaj plaws uas yog qhov ua rau tuag taus.
YHomeostatic thiab metabolic muaj nuj nqi
Cov no kuj yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev. Thaum tham txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub raum, tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab txog homeostatic thiab metabolic. Lub cev no tswj cov ntshav cov metabolism, uas yog, tshem tawm ntau tshaj bicarbonate ions thiab protons los ntawm cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cuam tshuam cov kua dej sib npaug hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm ions.
Thiab kuj tseem cuam tshuam cov metabolism ntawm carbohydrates, lipids, cov protein, kev tawg ntawm peptides, amino acids - qhov no yog qhov ua rau lub raum ua! Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cev uas pab tauVitamin D yog hloov mus rau D3 daim ntawv, uas yog li ntawd tsim nyog rau ib tug neeg los tswj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Thiab lub raum muaj kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis. Yog li tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov zis yog "lub luag haujlwm" ntawm lub cev.
Synthesis thiab tiv thaiv
Qhov no yog qhov kawg uas yuav tsum tau hais thaum tham txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum hauv lub cev. Lub cev no, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no, kuj koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm prostaglandins, renin, calcitriol thiab erythropoietin. Hais lus yooj yim thiab nkag siab, nws pab tsim ntau yam tshuaj hormones thiab enzymes, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb. Cov tshuaj no tswj lub siab hauv cov hlab ntsha, txhawb cov ntshav, tswj kev sib npaug thiab tswj cov calcium hauv lub cev.
Thiab thaum kawg, kev tiv thaiv. Nov yog lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub raum hauv tib neeg. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, ntau yam khoom txawv teb chaws (los yog tsuas yog teeb meem) yog neutralized uas nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov no yog cawv, nicotine, tshuaj thiab tshuaj muaj zog. Nws yog ntshaw kom txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv no. Tau kawg, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm tag nrho: yog tias ib tus neeg tsis haus luam yeeb lossis haus dej haus cawv, qee zaum nws yuav siv tshuaj, thiab qhov no kuj tsim lub nra rau lub raum. Yog li nws tsim nyog tiv thaiv lawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum haus dej huv (koj tuaj yeem siv dej ntxhia), tshuaj yej ntsuab, kab mob los ntawm lingonberries thiab cranberries, haus dej los ntawm zib mu thiab txiv qaub, parsley broth. Feem ntau, koj xav tau tsawg kawg yog 2 litres dej ib hnub. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim no, cesnws yuav ua tau kom lub raum nyob rau hauv zoo heev mob thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm pob zeb. Nws tseem pom zoo kom muab kas fes, cawv thiab dej qab zib. Nws tsuas ua rau lub raum puas lawm xwb.
