Kev Sib Tw ntawm Mohács yog kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 16th ntawm thaj chaw Hungarian. Nws tseem yog hu ua kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, uas tau tshwm sim nyob ze qhov chaw nyob. Ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb rau Central European lub teb chaws, uas nws txoj hmoo tau sib raug zoo nrog Turkish txoj cai hauv cheeb tsam no.
Cov xwm txheej no yog tshwm sim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Ottoman Empire kom nthuav dav nws thaj chaw ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm lub xeev Slavic thiab German, uas ib txwm ua rau cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov tebchaws, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg.
Thawj sib ntaus sib tua keeb kwm
Kev Sib Tw ntawm Mohacs hauv 1526 yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cav sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Hungary thaum tig ntawm 15th-16th centuries. Lub sijhawm no, lub hwj chim muaj koob muaj npe hauv lub tebchaws tau poob qis heev, lub xeev tau sib cais los ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb, nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm haiv neeg tsawg tawm tsam Magyarization txoj cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam kuj tseem nyob hauv lub xeev nyuaj heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias vim muaj kev sib cais ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev poob ntawm Danube txoj kev, cov nyiaj txiag ntawm cov pej xeem.yog nyob rau theem qis. Tag nrho cov no tau ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov tub rog Ottoman hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Kev sib tw ntawm cov rog
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs hauv 1526 tau tshwm sim ze ntawm qhov chaw me me ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej Danube. Ntawm no cov tub rog Hungarian thiab Ottoman tau sib sau ua ke, thiab tom kawg tau tshaj tawm thiab ua tub rog ntawm nws cov yeeb ncuab ob zaug. Nws tau txib los ntawm Sultan Suleiman I, thiab cov tub rog Hungarian tau coj los ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Lajos II. Lub caj qaum ntawm nws cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua yog mercenaries los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze Slavic lub teb chaws, nrog rau ntau tus thawj tswj hwm German. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tub rog tau poob qis los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Croatian knights tsis muaj sijhawm los pab nws, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm Transylvanian tus huab tais. Cov neeg Hungarians tau ua thawj koom ruam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog, uas, raws li lawv txoj kev npaj, yuav tsum tau tsoo cov tub rog Turkish nyob rau hauv lub npog ntawm cannons.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs pib nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm Hungarian cavalry ntawm cov tub rog Turkish. Thaum xub thawj, kev vam meej nrog lawv, thiab lawv pib nias cov yeeb ncuab units raws li txoj kev npaj. Pom zoo li no, cov tub rog Hungarian tau ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav thiab pib caum tus yeeb ncuab rov qab los, tab sis tsis ntev los no tau los nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov phom Turkish. Muaj cov lej tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog, cov Turks pib thawb lawv mus rau Danube thiab tsis muab sijhawm rau lawv rov qab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Cov seem ntawm cov tub rog Hungarian tau khiav tawm, tus so raug ntes thiab tua. Thaum lub sij hawm khiav tawm, tus huab tais nws tus kheej tuag nrog nws detachment. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs tau qhib txoj hauv kev rau cov tub rog Ottoman mus rau lub nroog Hungarian, uas tau poobob lub lis piam.
Txhais tau
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau muaj kev tu siab tsis yog rau Hungary nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau Central Europe. Qhov kev swb no ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm Ottoman cawv thiab kev tswj hwm hauv Balkan Peninsula. Lub nceeg vaj nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua ob ntu: Ottoman Hungary tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov av uas tau kov yeej, thiab lub peripheral sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Austrian Habsburgs. Qhov sib ze ntawm Ottoman ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau cov xeev European, uas ua rau lawv kev sib koom ua ke los tawm tsam Turkish domination.
Qhia rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thib ob
Kev Sib Tw ntawm Mohacs hauv 1687 yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, uas yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm 70s thiab 80s ntawm Ottoman Empire thiab cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no, ntau qhov kev tsov kev rog tau tshwm sim, ntawm cov neeg koom uas yog peb lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim ntawm Austrian Habsburgs thiab sab Turkish.
Kev sib tsoo ncaj qha tau pib xyoo 1683, thaum lub tebchaws Imperial tau tswj hwm los tawm tsam Turkish siege ntawm Vienna, tom qab ntawd txoj kev pib dhau mus rau cov neeg European. Cov Austrian tswj kom ua tiav ntau qhov kev ua tiav, tshwj xeeb, lawv tau rov qab tau ntau lub fortresses, tab sis lawv qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb yog kev ntes ntawm Hungarian peev Buda.
Sib ntaus
Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog imperial txiav txim siab tawm tsam cov Turks. Lawv cov tub rog tau muab faib ua ob feem raws li cov lus txib ntawm Charles ntawm Lorraine thiab Maximilian II. Cov Austrian tau tswj kom thawb rov qab cov Turks, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tom kawg tau muaj riam phom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev yeej tau dhau los ua ib qho yooj yim heev, kev poob ntawm cov neeg European yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, thaum cov Turks poob lawv lub zog loj thiab riam phom.
Qhov kev swb no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv tebchaws Askiv, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thiab hloov lub zog. Tom qab qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, Habsburgs tau txais txoj cai rau Hungarian crown thiab sim ua kom paub tseeb tias kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs nyob rau hauv 1526 thiab kev swb nyob rau hauv nws tsis nco qab lawm. Ua li no, lawv tau muab lawv txoj kev yeej rau xyoo 1687 tib lub npe, txawm hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ob peb mais ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb no.
