Cov lus Lavxias muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo keeb kwm. Qee cov lus uas peb siv yam tsis tau xav hauv lub neej niaj hnub yuav zoo li tsis muaj tseeb lossis txawv txawv thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws kawm lus Lavxias los piav qhia vim li cas yoov zaum ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub vase rau ntawm lub rooj. Nws kuj tsis yooj yim rau nco ntsoov hais lus kom raug: muab lub tsho loj lossis hnav ris tsho, tsis hnov tsw lossis hnov. Zoo, lo lus "tsis yog, nws tsis yog" tau dhau los ua piv txwv classic ntawm Lavxias teb sab logic. Kab lus no yog hais txog yuav hais kom raug: "qhov tsw hnov los yog hnov."
Tsis yog sab hnub tuaj xwb tab sis kuj yog lus tseem ceeb
Txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg txhais lus yuav tuaj yeem piav qhia meej tias yuav hais li cas kom raug: "lawv hnov lossis hnov tsw tsw". Feem ntau rau kev txhais lusteeb meem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, nws yog tsim nyog los tig mus rau dictionaries, siv cov phau ntawv, thiab txawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm yam lus. Tshwj xeeb, ntau tus xav paub yuav ua li cas, raws li kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab - "tseem hnov los yog hnov"?
Txhua lub teb chaws muaj ib daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas yog tshwm sim hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov hauv lub cev ntawm cov cim. Tab sis lub kaw lus nws tus kheej muaj cov cai sab hauv thiab nws tus kheej logic. Tsis yog peb ua lus xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau peb.
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lus "tsis hnov tsw lossis hnov", nws tsis tas yuav tsum xa mus rau cov ntawv txhais lus tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias cov lus qhia "hnov" hais ntau dua rau lub cev muaj peev xwm pom cov suab, thiab cov lus qhia "xav" qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub siab.
Peb pom lub ntiaj teb sab nraud hauv txoj kev nyuaj, vim tias peb lub siab sib cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv painting muaj txias thiab sov ntxoov, nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - hnyav suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum peb figuratively hais tias peb hnov tsw, nkag siab los ntawm qhov txheej txheem ntawm perceiving ib tug tshwj xeeb aroma.
Lo lus, zoo li tib neeg, yuav tsis haum ua ke
Lo lus "valence" yog paub los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li hauv chemistry lawv hu lub peev xwm ntawm lub molecule los khi rau lwm lub molecule. Tab sis cov lus, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntawm cov kab lus thiab cov lus uas zoo li tsis muaj logic, yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cim qhia.
Hauv kev hais lus, valency yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub lexeme ua ke nrog lwm cov lus. Piv txwv li, peb hais tias "thin road", "thin path", tab sis"tus neeg tawv nqaij". Semantically, lo lus "nyias" haum zoo dua nrog cov khoom tsis muaj sia lossis lub cev, tab sis tib neeg feem ntau tsis tau hais txog li no. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg nto moo los ntawm A. Chekhov, ib tug ntawm cov phooj ywg hu ua nyias, tsis nyias, vim hais tias tus cwj pwm no, tsis zoo li nws "rog" phooj ywg, poob nws tus kheej thiab kev hwm, hloov mus ua ib tug servile flatterer.
Chekhov siv lub epithet "nyias" ntawm lub hom phiaj, ua kom zaj dab neeg muaj kev xav ntau dua. Tab sis qee zaum peb ua yuam kev, vim tias ntxiv rau cov qauv ntawm cov lus sau, kuj muaj cov lus hais, uas feem ntau mus dhau qhov qauv. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas hais kom raug, "Kuv hnov qhov tsw lossis hnov qab," koj yuav tsum tig mus rau phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia thiab phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm lo lus sib raug zoo hauv Lavxias. Zoo, lub logic ntawm kev tsim cov kab lus no tau hais los saum toj no.
Yuav ua li cas cov phau ntawv txhais lus hais
Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. ob daim ntawv tau sib npaug kiag li - "hnov qhov tsw" thiab "xav hnov tsw". Qhov no tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm D. S. Ushakova.
Txawm li cas los xij, txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. cov kab lus tau hloov pauv me ntsis thiab tam sim no tsuas yog qhov kev sau ntawv raug cai yog kev sib xyaw "tsim". Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no hais tias qhov kev qhia no yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm lo lus compatibility, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1983 los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. A. S. Pushkin. Tam sim no, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas muaj cai tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom.
Meanwhile in a live hais lus…
Linguists tau koom nrog kho, piav qhia thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag 30 xyoo dhau los txij li xyoo 1983.xyoo, thiab cov lus tau hloov me ntsis, vim hais tias nws yog tas li thiab relentlessly tsim. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev ua neej nyob, kev lag luam naj hoom tau txhim kho, hom tshiab naj hoom tau tshwm sim, cov khw tshwj xeeb tau qhib, thiab lwm yam.
Vim li no, tam sim no peb pom tias cov lus "sau" tsis tau poob rau hauv kev siv, tab sis tau tsiv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm cov lus tshaj lij. Perfumers tsis xav txog seb koj puas yuav tsum tau hnov los yog hnov. Tom qab tag nrho, rau lawv, naj hoom yog ib hom suab paj nruag ntawm lub cev, ib hom lus tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xav thiab kev ntshaw.
Yog li, yog tias koj tsis paub tias koj hnov lossis hnov tsw tsw qab, koj tuaj yeem siv ob lo lus no hauv kev hais lus zoo. Hauv kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub, qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov yuam kev. Muaj tseeb, hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, yog tias lawv yuav tsum tau kos, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tseem siv. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw qab, txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum siv cov lus qhia "xav".
Yuav ua li cas lwm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lo lus "tsim"
Dhau li ntawm lo lus "xav", cov lus qhia hauv qab no tau ua ke nrog cov lexemes "aroma", "smell":
- pab;
- kev hlub;
- have;
- publish;
- tsis ua siab ntev;
- tsis hloov.
Tus ntxhiab nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis nkag mus rau qhov chaw / los ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tseem ceeb rau koj txog qee yam, nyiam nws lossis tsis.
txhais cov lus "tsim" ua lwm yam lus
Kuv xavhais tias nyob rau hauv cov lus nyob sab Europe nrog lo lus "tsim" cov lus qhia "xav" kuj yog feem ntau siv: fr. xas, engl. "xav". Muaj tseeb, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias yog cov lus Askiv tsis xav txog seb yuav hnov tsw lossis hnov, muaj lwm yam subtleties hauv lawv cov lus. Nco ntsoov tsawg kawg yog zaj nkauj Nirvana nto moo "Smells like teen spirit". Tom qab tag nrho, "smel" txhais tau tias "tsim", kom pom los ntawm tsw. Koj yuav txhais lub npe no ua lus Lavxias li cas? Kev txhais lus txhais ua tsis tau, puas yog?
Ukrainian muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo ib yam li Lavxias. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov lus qhia "tseem tsis hnov tsw" hauv kev hais lus thiab sau xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab lus "tseem ceeb" (lus "hnov tsw").
Tej zaum txoj kev xav pom cov ntxhiab tsw qab li suab paj nruag yog yam ntxwv ntawm ntau haiv neeg Slavic.
Yog li no, tsis muaj ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas thiaj li hnov los yog hnov tsw. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog tus qauv cai, tab sis thawj zaug kuj tau txais kev hais lus thiab kev tshaj lij.
