Bryophyte yog ib lub chaw haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag spore, uas tuav txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws no. Cov neeg sawv cev muaj nyiaj txiag, tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig, tau siv dav thiab yog cov koom nrog tseem ceeb hauv cov saw khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov swamp ecosystems.
Sphagnum: txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb cov organic, sphagnums tuav txoj haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Kingdom: Nroj tsuag.
- Department: Bryophytes;
- Class, xaj thiab tsev neeg - Sphagnum.
- Genus: Sphagnum.
Tus naj npawb ntawm hom ncav cuag 120, uas yog qhov dav tshaj plaws xws li:
- marsh sphagnum;
- protruding;
- xim av;
- Magellan;
- papillary;
- Girgenzon.
Cov qauv ntawm sphagnum muaj qee qhov nta, uas tawm ntawm kev siv nws los ntawm tib neeg. Cia wb mus saib qhov teeb meem no.
Sab nrauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Ntsuab xoob ntaub ntawm stems neeg coob nyob rau saum, uas tsim hummocks ntawm swamps thiab swamps thiab ntab rau saum npoo ntawm cov pas dej overgrown pom,tej zaum sawv daws. Yog li qhov no yog sphagnum. Daim duab ntawm tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Nyob zoo nkuaj nkuaj, rov muab txiav thiab ua neeg coob coob. Sab nraum them nrog ib tug crust, uas yog ob peb txheej ntawm cell. Sphagnum nplooj yog sessile, reed hom. Cov uas nyob rau ntawm qia yog oblong thiab feem ntau nyob ib leeg. Thiab cov nplooj ntawm cov ceg ntoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog cov neeg coob coob, khoov rau saum. Qhov tseeb, lawv yuav luag scaly thiab NW nyuam qhuav pom yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov feem ntau yuam kev rau nplooj yog ntau qhov offshoots los ntawm lub ntsiab qia.
Zoo li lwm cov mosses, sphagnum mosses tsis muaj cag. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov txheeb ze, lawv tsis muaj rhizoids rau kev txuas mus rau lub substrate. Interestingly, qhov qis ntawm qia yog pom, qhov sib dua nws tshwm. Thaum kawg, ntawm lub hauv paus nws kiag li poob nws cov xim ntsuab. Qhov no yog vim tsis muaj cov chlorophyll pigment nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, vim cov qauv no tsis muaj sia nyob, tab sis tuag.
Los ntawm qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm swamp, peat yog tom qab tsim. Yog li ntawd, sphagnum feem ntau hu ua peat moss. Feem ntau, cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog daj ntseg ntsuab, tsis kaj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws yog tas li saturated nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: "Yuav ua li cas moss tswj kom khaws cov kua ntau hauv nws tus kheej?" Qhov no yog vim lub peculiarities ntawm lub internal qauv. Xav txog lawv.
Internal qauv ntawm sphagnum
Los ntawm sab hauv, moss yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg zoo tib yam, muajlos ntawm cov hlwb. Sphagnum nplooj muaj chlorophyll, zoo li cov qauv qia. Yog li ntawd, photosynthesis yog nqa tawm los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov saum npoo ntawm lub cev. Tib yam tshwm sim nrog kev noj haus, uas yog, nqus dej.
Ntsuab hlwb ntawm moss txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm qhov kawg thiab tsim cov qauv zoo li lub network - qhov no yog qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub cev xeeb tub yog sporangia, uas spores mature.
Tsis muaj kev coj ua zoo li cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Hloov chaw, muaj cov hlwb tshwj xeeb. Nws yog lawv cov uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia thiab nqus dej.
cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv
Sphagnum cells tsis yog txhua yam. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj lub plhaub nrog lub qhov thiab qhov tuag protoplast, uas yog, qhov khoob khoob khoob. Cov nroj tsuag xav tau qhov no txhawm rau nqus cov dej noo ntau thiab khaws cia rau hauv nws tus kheej hauv cov qauv hollow.
Cov qauv ntawm sphagnum tso cai rau nws sau nrog dej hauv qhov nyiaj 20-30 npaug ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Vim li ntawd, tej chaw nyob ntawm cov mosses yeej ib txwm ntub, lawv cia li ntab saum nplaim dej.
Thaum cov nroj tsuag muaj dej noo, nws cov xim yog mos ntsuab. Thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav qhuav, nws maj mam tig dawb, thaum kawg los ua daus-dawb kiag li.
Moss reproduction
Cov qauv ntawm sphagnum suav nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau kev tsim tawm - sporangia. Lawv, zoo li tag nrho lwm cov mosses, yog nyob rau ntawm tshwj xeeb stems nyob rau hauv lub apical ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog ib lub thawv nroghau, uas tsim thiab maturation ntawm spores.
Thaum nws yog lub sijhawm yug me nyuam, cov qe me me ntws tawm thiab nqa los ntawm cua. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv ib tee dej, lawv pib germinate rau hauv ib tug tshiab nroj tsuag. Lub hau ntawm sporangium qhib nws tus kheej.
Tseem muaj lwm txoj hauv kev tsim tawm, uas yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Sphagnum muaj peev xwm muab cov nroj tsuag rau kev ywj pheej ntxiv. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim tom qab lub ntsiab stalk hlob zoo nyob rau hauv ntev, towering saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov chaw. Lub sijhawm no, kev sib cais ntawm tus ntxhais cog tshwm sim.
Tshwj xeeb ntawm sphagnum mosses
Sphagnum moss, daim duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no, muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb vim muaj cov hlwb tshwj xeeb. Nov yog:
- Hygroscopicity tshaj txhua qhov kev txwv paub hauv cov nroj tsuag. Yog tias peb sib piv lub peev xwm nqus dej noo ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub thiab sphagnum, tom qab ntawd hauv moss nws yuav yog 6 npaug ntxiv! Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev faib dej hauv lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwm sim ib yam nkaus. Yog li ntawd, kom txog thaum tag nrho cov hlwb uas twb muaj lawm puv, moss yuav tsis tso cov dej noo ntau dhau. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los siv ua ib qho ntxiv rau hauv av.
- Breathability, uas tso cai rau cov av nrog moss kom lub teeb heev, xoob thiab airy. Qhov no nce aeration muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag hauv ecosystem.
- Sphagnum acids, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tso cai rau nws kom acidify cov av nrog hydrogen cations.
- Nyiajcov khoom siv organic muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau cov nroj tsuag no tshwj xeeb. Sphagnum muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov mosses amazing no? Koj tuaj yeem sau npe cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:
- sphagnic acids;
- coumarins;
- sphagnol;
- terpenes;
Ycarbolic acid.
Ua tsaug rau cov khoom xyaw no, cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej yog xyaum tsis raug rau cov kab mob lossis kab tsuag.
chaw loj hlob
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog qhov muaj cov dej noo txaus. Tom qab tag nrho, sphagnum moss, daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, yog heev nyob ntawm cov dej thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, zoo li tag nrho cov spores. Tias yog vim li cas nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov chaw loj hlob:
- thaj tsam huab cua ntawm sab qaum teb Hemisphere;
- Teb chaws Europe ib feem ntawm Russia;
- Siberia;
- South America.
Lub ntsiab ecosystem uas cov moss no yog tsa bogs. Txawm li cas los xij cov nroj tsuag no nyob qhov twg, muaj qhov maj mam thiab tsis muaj dej nkag ntawm thaj chaw.
Role in nature
Tag nrho lub neej ntawm sphagnum yog tsim los ntawm nws lub peev xwm nqus dej noo. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, kev lag luam tseem ceeb thiab cov peev txheej, siv rau kev kho mob - yuav luag txhua yam piav qhia los ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab cov qauv. Lub luag hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv xwm kuj tshuav qhov no.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog sphagnum, daim duab uas peb muab tso rau hauv kab lus,tsim peat deposits. Vim yog cov sphagnic acid thiab sphagnol uas yog ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lwj thiab decomposition ntawm cov tuag qis ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qeeb heev. Qhov no ua rau kev tsim ntawm peat txheej. Qhov kev txiav txim qeeb, kwv yees li ib meter ib txhiab xyoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav ua rau muaj dej nkag ntawm thaj chaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag hloov pauv, tab sis feem ntau tag nrho biogeocenosis, fauna, kab thiab lwm yam tsiaj.
Kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau tib neeg
Muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb siv rau cov moss no los ntawm tib neeg.
- rau caulking tsev.
- Raws li cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev hauv kev tsim kho.
- Rau lub hom phiaj kho mob ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Nyob hauv floristry.
- Nyob rau hauv floriculture los txhim kho cov kev loj hlob ntawm sab hauv tsev thiab tsev cog khoom nroj tsuag.
- Rau kev tsim cov tshuaj hauv tsev (cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj ntxuav thiab tshuaj tua kab mob).
- Peat is a value fuel.
- Feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom siv insulating.
- Nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, kev tsim cov khoom qab zib thiab crackers ntawm no moss yog xyaum.
- Raws li hnav khaub ncaws, sphagnum (daim duab hauv qab no pab kom pom cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo dua) tau siv rov qab rau xyoo pua 11th. Txog rau tam sim no, moss tseem tsis tau poob tus nqi no.
Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias sphagnum peat moss tsis yog tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov zaub mov, tab sis kuj tseem tsis muaj nqis.ib storehouse ntawm cov tshuaj, ib qhov chaw ntawm noo noo thiab ib tug aerator rau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws cov tsos zoo nkauj yog sib haum xeeb ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv xwm thiab tib neeg lub neej.
