Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau dua 70% ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Lub siab xav tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub nroog los ntawm lub countryside los yog hloov lub regional center rau lub peev mus ntsib ntau. Cov laj thawj yuav txawv, tab sis feem ntau koj tuaj yeem hnov: "muaj ntau lub sijhawm", "kev kawm zoo dua", "koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau txoj haujlwm zoo thiab cov nyiaj tau los zoo", "nws nyob zoo dua". Qhov kev sib cav zaum kawg yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig.
Ib puag ncig Hauv Nroog: lub ntsiab lus twg yog qhov tseeb?
Hnub no muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, los ntawm txhua hnub mus rau kev tshawb fawb. Uas tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias hauv nroog ib puag ncig yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Thiab tsis zoo li tej yam ntuj tso systems, nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb nta. Lub nroog ib puag ncig yog txhua yam uas tsim cov duab ntawm kev sib hais haum thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev ua neej ntawm nws cov neeg nyob. Nws nyob ntawm nws tus neeg nyiam nyob qhov twg ntawm no.
Yog tias peb muab cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, ces lub nroog ib puag ncig nkag siab tias yog kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv thaj tsam ntawm ib qho kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov sib thooj.cov xwm txheej tsim los ntawm xwm thiab tib neeg thiab cuam tshuam rau lub neej zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyob. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev lag luam, ntuj tsim, thev naus laus zis, xov xwm, kev sib raug zoo uas tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog.
Basic elements
Cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, raws li txoj cai, yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov kev xav tau. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb: kev nyab xeeb, lub cev tsis muaj zog (cua, suab nrov, lub teeb), kev sib raug zoo (kev sib txuas lus). Yog li, lub nroog ib puag ncig yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb:
- resources (av, dej, huab cua, huab cua);
- muas;
- infrastructure;
- toj roob hauv pes ntau haiv neeg;
- qhov xwm txheej txhaum cai;
- khoom lag luam;
- kev pabcuam pejxeem.
Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus no txiav txim siab npaum li cas hauv cheeb tsam yuav xav tau thiab kev sib tw.
Nyob ib puag ncig zoo
Tsis yog txhua lub nroog yooj yim rau kev nyob. Ntau lub sij hawm yog tus kheej, rau ib tug neeg, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub xub ntiag ntawm greenery thiab ntoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb, rau lwm tus - txoj kev zoo. Tab sis feem ntau, cov kev cai uas tsim ib puag ncig hauv nroog zoo sib xws:
- ib theem tsim nyog ntawm kev pabcuam neeg siv khoom (dej, cua sov, hluav taws xob, pov tseg);
- balanced infrastructure (kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau hom kev thauj mus los hauv av thiab hauv av, kev thauj mus los txaus, muaj cov chaw hloov pauv loj, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg taug kev,Cov xwm txheej zoo ntawm txoj kev, muaj kev taug kev thiab kev tsheb kauj vab);
- sijhawm rau kev txav mus los tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau pawg ntawm cov pej xeem, suav nrog cov neeg tsis muaj kev txav mus los;
- muaj peev xwm zoning (ib qho uas zam txhua hnub "pendulum migration" ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, muab rau lub koom haum xav zoo ntawm qhov chaw nyob, tsis siab dhau ntawm cov pej xeem ceev);
- txaus lub suab nrov thiab cov ntaub ntawv "kev ua qias tuaj";
- muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev sib raug zoo, kab lis kev cai, kev kawm, kev xav tau kev ua si ntawm pej xeem (cov chaw ua si txaus, chaw ua si, architecture thiab kos duab, tsev kawm ntawv, chaw lag luam, thiab lwm yam).
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig
Lub "lub ntsej muag" ntawm kev sib hais haum tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si thiab ua cim ntawm tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, ib qho tseem ceeb kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub nroog ib puag ncig yog lub peev xwm hloov kho ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Qhov pib taw tes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tus tsim ib thaj tsam daim duab. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nroog hauv qab no:
- nrog lub chaw tsim keeb kwm;
- raws li nroog complexes ntawm Soviet era;
- muaj feem ntau ntawm cov tsev txheem;
- purposefully shaping thiab txhim kho hauv plawv nroog thiab thaj chaw nyob.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev paub nplua nuj ntawm Western urbanists, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Lavxias lub nroog tsis ib txwm mus zoodu. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov chaw nyob, cov nram qab no tseem: nruj zoning (chaw nyob, chaw ua lag luam), raug tsim thaiv, tsis ua raws li niaj hnub qauv rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, kev loj hlob "nyob rau hauv dav" vim hais tias ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau sab nrauv.
Lub Nroog thiab Ecology
Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig, tswj qhov tsim nyog ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas tseem yog ib qho teeb meem ceev. Cov qauv kev loj hlob tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau dua 15% ntawm cov nroog Lavxias raug cais raws li thaj chaw uas tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub nroog ib puag ncig yuav tsum yog raws li:
- tswj kev siv cov peev txheej ntuj;
- daim ntawv thov kev lag luam niaj hnub siv thev naus laus zis thiab tu tshuab;
- txwv tsis pub tso cov pov tseg tshuaj lom ze ze ntawm thaj chaw, thaj chaw ua si hav zoov;
- kev tsim nyog thiab ua haujlwm zoning;
- ib qho system tsim rau kev tshem tawm, khaws cia, pov tseg lossis ua cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev thiab hauv nroog;
- tsim qhov chaw ntsuab ntxiv, suav nrog cov siv tsawg;
- kev kawm ib puag ncig thiab kev kawm pej xeem.
Qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig tau ntev lawm tsis tau pom tias yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej. Cov theem tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim kho hauv nroog thiab kev tsim khoom nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg rau ib puag ncig.ib puag ncig.
Ib puag ncig tsis muaj nqis
Daim duab ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog tsim tsis yog los ntawm cov tuam tsev tsim khoom lossis cov ceg thauj khoom. Lub nroog ib puag ncig kuj yog qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tus neeg. Kev tsim tsis paub ntawv ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, apathy, thiab txo qis hauv lub siab lub suab. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb tau tshwm sim uas kawm txog cov xwm txheej no - psychogeography. Yuav kom muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, ib puag ncig hauv nroog yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li ntau qhov kev xav tau:
- aesthetic;
- ntau yam;
- kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshiab thiab kev lig kev cai;
- kev pom thaj chaw;
- ntsuas lub teeb thiab suab nrov tom qab;
- kev ruaj ntseg;
- predictability;
- kev sib haum xeeb ntawm architectural scale.
Txuag thiab nce cov pejxeem ntawm ib lub nroog tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab cov hauv kev uas nws tuaj yeem muab rau nws cov neeg nyob. Kev muab cov kev pabcuam zoo thiab ntau yam kev pabcuam thiab kev lom zem ua si pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov kev ntsuas siab ntawm kev sib hais haum. Cov no suav nrog:
- Information infrastructure;
- chaw yuav khoom;
- kab lis kev cai;
- hotel complexes;
- chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus;
- tsev kawm ntawv muab kev pabcuam kev sib raug zoo;
- chaw ua si;
- chaw lom zem.
Urban shaping programs
Rau qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv nroog, xav tau ib txoj hauv kev rau kev tsom mus rau. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau raug them rau cov kev pab cuam rau kev tsim ib puag ncig hauv nroog niaj hnub. Txog niaj hnub no, ntau qhov haujlwm tau tsim tawm.
Thaum kawg ntawm 2016, qhov kev siv ntawm tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm "Kev Tsim Kho Ib puag ncig hauv nroog" tau pib. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev txhim kho kev sib haum xeeb, suav nrog kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. Los ntawm 2020, nws tau npaj los siv 400 qhov haujlwm loj los txhim kho kev nplij siab hauv nroog ib puag ncig, cob qhia tsawg kawg 2,000 tus kws tshaj lij. Qhov kev zov me nyuam suav nrog:
- koom nrog cov pej xeem hauv kev sib tham ntawm cov xwm txheej loj;
- kev lees txais txoj cai kev tsim vaj tsev tshiab;
- kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse, teeb pom kev zoo, tu;
- khoom siv rau kis las thiab chaw ua si;
- kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov chaw pej xeem thiab cov chaw (raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv);
- tsim kev sau npe ntawm kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws.
Tsis ntev los no, txoj haujlwm Smart City tau tsim tawm, txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho vaj tse los ntawm kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no. Ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawb kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv digital ntawm kev lag luam (smart technologies hauv accounting rau cov peev txheej siv hluav taws xob).
