Cia tham txog dab tsi OVR yog nyob rau hauv inorganic thiab organic synthesis.
txheej txheem txhais
Redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov txheej txheem uas yuav hloov lub xeev oxidation ntawm ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom yooj yim lossis yooj yim.
Dab tsi yog oxidation
Oxidation yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ib qho atom lossis qee yam ion muab cov hluav taws xob, thaum txo qis nws cov oxidation qub. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib txwm rau cov hlau.
Yuav ua li cas rov qab
Raws li cov txheej txheem txo qis yog txhais tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxidation lub xeev ntawm ion lossis cov khoom siv yooj yim yuav txo qis, thaum ntxiv electrons. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov raug rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov kua qaub seem.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev txo tus neeg sawv cev
Xav txog cov lus nug ntawm OVR yog dab tsi, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej txog lub tswv yim xws li "tus nqi txo qis".
Nws txhais tau hais tias ib qho nruab nrab molecule lossis ib qho ion raug them, uas, raws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj, yuav muab rau lwm tus. Ib qho hluav taws xob mus rau ib qho ion lossis atom, thaum ua kom nws lub xeev oxidation.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev
Thaum tham txog dab tsi OVR yog, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau hais txog lo lus "oxidizer". Nws yog kev cai txhais tau tias xws li ions lossis nruab nrab atoms uas, thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj lom neeg sib cuam tshuam, yuav txais tsis zoo electrons los ntawm lwm cov atoms los yog nruab nrab hais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws lub xeev oxidation qub yuav txo qis.
Types of OVR
Thaum tham txog dab tsi OVR yog, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem no uas feem ntau suav hais tias yog inorganic thiab organic synthesis.
Intermolecular kev sib cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem uas cov atoms ntawm ob qho tib si txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib txawv pib sib cuam tshuam. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm hom kev hloov pauv no yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm manganese oxide (4) thiab hydrochloric acid tov, uas ua rau muaj cov tshuaj chlorine gaseous, divalent manganese chloride, thiab dej.
Hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, chlorine anions tshwm sim raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, oxidizing thaum lawv cuam tshuam. Cov manganese cation (nrog rau lub xeev oxidation ntawm +4) muaj peev xwm oxidizing nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txais ob electrons, nws yog txo.
Kev sib cuam tshuam Intramolecular yog cov tshuaj hloov pauv, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm ob qho tib si atoms ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas txo thiab cov atoms ntawm tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing yog pib ib yam khoom pib, thiab tom qab ntawd. Thaum hloov dua siab tshiab lawm, lawv xaus rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog decomposition ntawm potassium chlorate. Thaum rhuab, cov khoom no yuav tig mus rau hauv potassium chloride thiab oxygen. Oxidizing zog yuav yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm chlorate anion, uas, txais tsib electrons hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav raug txo, tig mus rau hauv chloride.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov pa anion yuav nthuav tawm cov khoom txo qis, oxidizing rau molecular oxygen. Yog li dab tsi yog OVR hauv qhov no? Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa cov electrons ntawm ions, uas ua rau tsim ob yam khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tsis tas li, hom tshuaj hloov pauv no uas tshwm sim nrog kev hloov pauv hauv oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov ntsiab lus Ameslikas nyob rau hauv tib lub mis suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm decomposition ntawm ammonium nitrite. Nitrogen sawv hauv ammonium cation, muaj lub xeev oxidation ntawm -3, muab 6 electrons thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem thiab oxidized rau molecular nitrogen. Thiab cov nitrogen uas yog ib feem ntawm nitrite txais rau 6 electrons, thaum ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, thiab thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws yog oxidized.
OVR yog dab tsi hauv chemistry? Cov lus txhais tau hais los saum toj no qhia tias cov no yog cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv oxidation xeev ntawm ntau lub ntsiab.
Tus kheej-oxidation thiab txo qis (tsis sib npaug) suav nrog cov txheej txheem zoo li no, thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm ib qho atom ua tus txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev, uas yuav nce thiab ib txhij txo nws lub xeev oxidation tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam. Xav txog nws,OVR yog dab tsi hauv chemistry, piv txwv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem pom txawm tias hauv chav kawm chemistry hauv tsev kawm theem siab. Lub decomposition ntawm poov tshuaj sulfite thaum rhuab ua rau tsim ob ntsev ntawm no hlau: sulfide thiab sulfate. Sulfur nrog lub xeev oxidation ntawm +4 nthuav tawm ob qho tib si txo thiab oxidizing zog, nce thiab txo qis oxidation xeev.
Kom nkag siab tias OVR txhais li cas hauv chemistry, cia peb lub npe rau lwm hom kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg. Counterproportionation suav nrog cov txheej txheem zoo li no, vim tias cov atoms ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis thiab oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom pib, tab sis nyob rau sab xis lawv tsim ib qho khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum sulfur oxide (4) cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen sulfide, sulfur thiab dej yuav tsim. Ib tug sulfur ion nrog lub xeev oxidation ntawm +4 yuav siv plaub electrons, thiab ib tug sulfur ion nrog ib tug oxidation xeev ntawm -2 yuav poob ob electrons. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ob qho tib si hloov mus ua ib yam khoom yooj yim, uas lub xeev oxidation yog xoom.
Zoo kawg
Xav txog cov lus nug ntawm qhov OVR yog dab tsi hauv chemistry, peb nco ntsoov tias cov no muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv vim muaj cov kab mob muaj sia nyob, ntau yam txheej txheem ntuj tsim thiab tshwm sim. Txhawm rau npaj cov coefficients hauv qhov sib npaug, koj yuav tsum kos ib qho hluav taws xob sib npaug.
