Lub xeev ib zaug muaj zog ntawm USSR, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev yeej ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1917, tau tso tseg rau xyoo 1991. Txog lub sijhawm no, lub tebchaws tau ntsib kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam sib sib zog nqus. Nyob rau ntawm lub rhawv ntawm cov khw muag khoom tsis muaj cov khoom zoo tib yam, nrog rau lwm yam khoom tsim nyog rau lub neej. Coob leej tsuas nkees nkees ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag hnyav thiab coj mus rau txoj kev.
Hnub no, ntau tus uas tau yug los hauv USSR ua kom zoo rau lawv cov menyuam yaus zoo siab, hais lus nrog kev xav txog lub xeev zoo uas muaj kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas txhua tus neeg siab ntev txog lawv tag kis.
Cov niam txiv niaj hnub no feem ntau qhuas lub sijhawm uas tsis muaj xov tooj ntawm tes thiab khoos phis tawj, ice cream yog qab qab dua, thiab tsuas muaj peb txoj hauv TV xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv nco qab nrog kev xav txog lawv lub xyoo kawm ntawv thiab lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv cov koom haum tho kev thiab Komsomol. Yog li lub sijhawm ntawd zoo li cas?Cia peb xav me ntsis txog lawv los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsa cov ntxhais, qhov tseem ceeb tau them rau lawv qhov tsos.
School uniform
Cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet hnav li cas mus kawm? Nyob rau hauv lub USSR muaj ib tug uniform. Thiab txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau taug kev hauv nws yam tsis tau poob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet (duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no) tsis ci nrog kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb. Cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo nkauj, xim av xim nrog dawb (hnub solemn) lossis dub apron. Cuffs thiab dab tshos tau sewn rau hnav.
Ib zaug, daim ntaub npog rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv USSR tau ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tus ntxhais tsis smear lub tiab nrog tus cwj mem. Thiab txawm hais tias ib lub hub nrog lawv yuam kev, ces tsuas yog lub apron raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov no. Tab sis lub cuffs thiab dab tshos ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub USSR tau pom meej tsis nyiam, vim hais tias ib zaug ib lub lim tiam cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum tau rhais tawm ntawm hnav ris tsho, ntxuav, thiab sewed rov qab rau dua.
School uniform in the pre-revolutionary period
Thawj zaug, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tebchaws Russia pib taug kev hauv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb hauv xyoo pua 19th. Cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov khaub ncaws sewn rau lawv tau txais los ntawm Askiv. Txij li thaum xyoo 1886, ib lub tsho poj niam tau qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv nce qib thiab gymnasiums. Cov khaub ncaws no yog ib lub tsho xim av nrog lub tsho siab, nrog rau ob lub aprons - dub thiab dawb. Lawv tau npaj, feem, rau hnub kawm ntawv thiab hnub so. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm cov ris tsho hnav ris tsho yog lub kaus mom straw thiab lub tsho dawb tig-down dab tshos. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, daim ntawv yuav txawvxim.
Lub tswv yim ntawm lub hwj chim Soviet
Nyob rau xyoo 1918, daim ntawv uas muaj nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ua ntej kev tawm tsam raug tshem tawm. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog kev tawm tsam hauv chav kawm. Tseeb tiag, raws li dogmas ntawm tsoom fwv tshiab, daim ntawv qub tau hloov mus ua lub cim ntawm kev koom nrog cov nom tswv, thiab kuj tau hais txog kev ua qhev thiab kev txaj muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, qhia tias nws tsis muaj kev ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Soviet tau tso tseg tsis hnav khaub ncaws sib koom ua ke vim lawv niam lawv txiv txom nyem heev. Yog vim li cas cov ntxhais yuav tsum mus kawm ntawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv wardrobe.
Qhov kev zam yog cov tho kev hnav khaub ncaws uas tau nthuav tawm hauv xyoo 1930s. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd nws tau muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Soviet nkaus xwb los ntawm cov chaw pw hav zoov loj xws li Artek, qhov chaw uas muaj lub sijhawm rau kev txiav, tawm thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws tom qab. Raws li rau cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo tib yam, ntawm no cov pioneer khaub ncaws yog lub teeb-xim lub tsho (blouses) thiab xiav trousers (skirts), nrog rau yuav tsum tau hnav ntawm liab ties.
Post-war years
Ntau xyoo dhau los, tsoomfwv Soviet rov qab los rau nws cov duab qub ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Cov ntxhais rov hnav khaub ncaws xim av thiab aprons. Nws tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1948. Qhov zoo siab, xyoo 1943-1954, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Soviet tau qhia cais cov tub hluas. Tseeb, tom qab xws li ib tug system tau tso tseg nyob rau hauv lub USSR.
Cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet ntawm cov qauv ntawm xyoo 1948 hauv kev txiav, xim thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua ib qho hnav los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm chav ua si classical. Nws qhov kev taw qhia rau lub sijhawm Stalin tsis tau pom dua li kev coj ua ntawm bourgeois yav dhau los. Uniform dresses ntawm Soviet schoolgirls tau ua pov thawjuniversal equality ntawm cov me nyuam.
Ntawm no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees. Ib qho kev taw qhia zoo sib xws hauv kev kawm tau tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Soviet tsis tuaj yeem ua txawm tias qhov kev sim me me nrog lawv cov khaub ncaws. Lawv raug txwv nruj heev kom hloov qhov ntev thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg txiav txim siab txog qhov no, ces cov thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txiav txim siab "ua txhaum". Cov kws qhia ntawv nkag mus rau lawv cov lus nyob rau hauv lub chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm lub Soviet schoolgirl, yuam kom lawv nqa tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kom raug. Piv txwv li, qhov ntev ntawm ib tug ntxhais hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txawv heev los ntawm tacitly tsim "tus qauv", raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm lub hauv caug yuav tsum tsis txhob qhib txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug zaum txoj hauj lwm. Me ntsis tom qab ntawd, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm "thaw", xws li "tus qauv" tau dhau los ua ntau dua thiab dawb.
Ntxim qab kawg, nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Stalin, cov plaub hau ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai. Yog tias cov ntxhais xav txiav plaub hau, tsuas yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws tau tso cai. Feem ntau, cov plaub hau tau braided. Nws yog txwv tsis pub rub curls rau hauv tails. Cov plaub hau ntev xoob tsis tau txais tos. Nws tau ntseeg hais tias xws li ib tug hairstyle yog unhygienic. Ntxiv mus, ib qho kev ua tsis tau zoo thiab yooj yim satin hneev taw yuav tsum tau woven rau hauv lub braid nyob rau hauv lub 40s-50s.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau txais hauv lub xeev tsis tau ua txhua qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov zos, cov poj niam cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis hnav nws vim tsis muaj nyiaj tsim nyog.los ntawm cov niam txiv rau tailoring los yog yuav ib tug unified tiab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau tso tseg qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev huv thiab raug.
Npaj npaim rau cov khaub ncaws
Tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet yog cov tswv cuab ntawm cov menyuam yaus, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv cov koom haum hluas kev nom kev tswv uas ua haujlwm raug cai hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhua lub zej zog no muaj qee yam cim. Lawv yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Stalin, cov no yog cov paib ntawm lub koom haum pioneer. Cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hluas muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm Komsomol thiab VPO.
Soviet cov menyuam ntxhais kawm ntawv (duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no), uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum pioneer, sewed strips ntawm scarlet silk braid rau ntawm lub tes tsho sab xis ntawm lub tsho.
Ib daim paib qhia tias tus ntxhais yog tus thawj coj, ob - tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, peb - tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj.
Khrushchev's "thaw"
Nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Stalin, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas yog kov cov khaub ncaws rau cov tub hluas, uas tau dhau los ua tub rog tsawg. Tsis muaj dab tsi tau hloov pauv hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm USSR tub ntxhais kawm (duab hauv qab).
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau daim ntawv, cov lus qhia txog qhov tsos thiab cov plaub hau ntawm tus ntxhais kuj tau khaws cia. Yog tias tsis ua raws li cov cai, tus kws qhia hauv chav kawm tuaj yeem cem nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv thiab thov kom nws niam nws txiv tuaj koom kev sib tham. Tseem muaj kev txwv categorical rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiabtshuaj pleev ib ce. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau raug tso cai siv cov khoom tsis raug cai, xws li blouses hnav dhau lub tsev kawm ntawv hnav khaub ncaws.
Pioneer parade uniform
Nyob rau xyoo 60s, Soviet kev lag luam tau tsim cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam ntxhais kawm ntawv uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum tho kev.
Nws yog ib daim ntawv uas suav nrog:
- tiab tsho nrog kub nyees khawm nrog lub cim ntawm VDPO nyob rau sab laug tes tsho;
- xiav ntaub tiab;
- lub teeb xim av tawv siv nrog daj hlau buckle nrog lub hnub qub cim;
- liab (tsis tshua muaj xiav lossis lub teeb xiav) lub kaus mom, ntawm sab xis ntawm lub hnub qub daj yog embroidered;
- hnab looj tes dawb (rau tus chij tuav thiab tus neeg saib xyuas kev hwm).
Daim ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm perestroika
Nyob rau hauv ib nrab xyoo 70s, ib daim ntawv tshiab tau tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau qhia tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab. Yog tias muaj lub cib fim thiab kev ntshaw, cov ntxhais los ntawm qib 8 tuaj yeem hnav. Los ntawm qib 1 txog 7, cov khaub ncaws Soviet rau cov menyuam ntxhais kawm ntawv (duab hauv qab) tseem zoo li qub. Tsuas yog tiab tau hloov nws qhov ntev, ua me ntsis saum lub hauv caug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet kuj tau tsim. Nws muaj ib lub tiab trapezoid, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntaub yog sib sau ua ke rau hauv folds, ib lub tsho uas tsis muaj ib qho cim thiab nrog cov hnab ris, thiab tsho khuam. Ib lub tsho peb-daim tuaj yeem hnav raws caij nyoog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv huab cua sov, cov ntxhais hnav ib lub tiab nrog lub tsho khuam hnav duablouses. Hnub txias, lawv hnav lub tsho. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hnav tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khaub ncaws ib zaug. Cov khaub ncaws ntawm ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv tau muab rau kev hnav khau. Tsis pub khau ncaws pob.
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau sab qaum teb, thaj tsam ntawm Siberia thiab lub nroog Leningrad tuaj yeem hnav ris tsho xiav es tsis txhob tiab. Lawv tau suav nrog hauv tus ntxhais lub wardrobe tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Raws li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce rau Soviet schoolgirls raug txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov kws qhia ntawv maj mam hloov ntawm cov cai no. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm 80s, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau raug cai ntawm qhov ntsuas me me. Cov ntxhais kuj pib hnav cov qauv hairstyles, feem ntau dyeing lawv cov plaub hau. Nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv Soviet, miniskirts pib tshwm ntau thiab ntau zaus. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm 80s lig sim nrog blouses thiab vests, uas hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov poj niam hluas. Lub caij no, cov kws qhia ntawv tau pib tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnav cov plaub hau xoob.
Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj tau nrhiav los coj los xav txog lawv cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv tau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khaub ncaws (suits) thiab hauv kev txiav, txhim kho kev zoo nkauj ntawm tag nrho cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Cov khaub ncaws hnav tau raug tshem tawm thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1991. Nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lawm, tab sis tso cai. Qhov no tau raug cai peb xyoos tom qab.
Txoj kev kawm hauv USSR
Txawm hais tias yog haiv neeg twg, kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv lub tebchaws tau ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb. Twb tau los ntawm kindergarten, cov menyuam yaus tau qhia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov zoo, thiab lawv kuj tau qhia txog cov neeg muaj npe nrov thiab cov neeg uas tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov piv txwv tsis zoo kuj tau muab rau cov menyuam yaus. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tau ua tiav raws li kev qhia kom raug tias qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm qee lub sijhawm tshwm sim ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet me me txawm tias nyob rau theem tsis nco qab.
Ib qho ntawm kev qhia cov menyuam yaus hauv lub sijhawm USSR yog cov khoom ua si. Lawv feem ntau tsis yooj yim thiab yooj yim, tab sis lawv tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom ua si tau pheej yig heev.
Keeb kwm ntawm qhov pib
Yam txij thaum yug los, cov menyuam yaus Soviet tau hnov tias txiv neej yog ib qho ua ke. Tag nrho cov no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm "nursery - kindergarten - school". Nws yuav zoo li tias txhua yam yog qhov zoo xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool ntawm cov xyoo ntawd muaj ob sab ntawm cov nyiaj npib. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kindergartens zoo kawg nkaus siv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg tsim kev cai lij choj, nrog rau cov pej xeem nyiam ua ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau qhuab ntuas cov menyuam yaus thiab kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, vim nws yuav tsum ua raws li nws nruj me ntsis. Qhov no pab npaj tus me nyuam rau kev hloov mus kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kindergartens, cov kws qhia ntawv qhia tias tus me nyuam yog "zoo li txhua tus neeg." Ib tug me nyuam los ntawm thaum yau pom tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob sawv, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws li nws xav, tab sis cov laus hais. Cov kev ntshaw ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis raug suav nrog txhua. Yog hais tias semolina porridge tau txais kev pab, uas yog, nws yog tsim nyog rau txhua leej txhua tus los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias. Cov me nyuam kuj tau mus rau lub potty hauv kev tsim. Ib hnub pw tsaug zog, yog li tsis hlub los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus.
xov xwm zoo tsuas yog hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem muaj cov kws qhia ntawv zoo liCons tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov zoo. Lawv yaum cov me nyuam tsis tau yuam lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis tau yuam qee yam kev paub, tab sis ua rau muaj lub siab xav kawm. Cov me nyuam zoo li no, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, muaj hmoo. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug phooj ywg thiab sov so nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg tiag tiag raug coj tuaj.
Tsev kawm theem
Txoj kev txawj ntawm "tus tsim kev cai lij choj", uas tus menyuam pib tau txais hauv qib kindergarten, ua tiav kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, nws pom nws tus kheej hauv cov lus qhia uas tau ua tiav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm lub xeev Soviet. Xws li yog txoj kev qhia hauv xyoo ntawd.
Thawj yam uas yav tas los cov menyuam kawm kindergartner pom hauv tsev kawm ntawv yog cov duab ntawm Lenin. Lub npe ntawm tus thawj coj kuj tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub preface rau lub primer ib sab ntawm cov lus "niam" thiab "Niam teb". Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los xav txog cov menyuam niaj hnub no. Tam sim no tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ntseeg tau tias lo lus hais txog tus neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws tau muab tso rau ntawm lub npe ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig yav dhau los. Thiab nyob rau xyoo ntawd, qhov no yog cov qauv, uas cov me nyuam dawb huv yuav tsum ntseeg.
Lwm yam ntawm kev kawm Soviet yog kev koom tes loj ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv cov koom haum menyuam yaus. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, nrog rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev zam, yog thawj lub Kaum Hli, thiab tom qab ntawd - cov pioneers thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Komsomol. Rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm lub sijhawm piav qhia, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog heev. Cov huab cua heev ntawm lub koob tsheej ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov koom haum no tau pab txhawb rau qhov no. Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm ib txoj kab solemn, qhov chaw uas cov menyuam hnav khaub ncaws tag nrho tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm cov niam txiv, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov qhua tuaj koom. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb kuj tau muab rau cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv cim npe, pioneerkhi, pab pawg banner thiab squad chij.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau siv sijhawm los ua haujlwm hnyav hauv lawv lub neej yav tom ntej. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov chav kawm tau ua lub luag haujlwm, khaws cov khoom seem thiab cov ntawv pov tseg, nrog rau cov subbotniks uas yuav tsum tau ua, thaum lub sijhawm uas nyob ib sab tau ntxuav. Cov dej num no tau tsim los txhawb kom cov menyuam muaj kev hwm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias xws li pedagogical tactics twb pom zoo los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, ua rau lawv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev sib txawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub neej.
Hais txog Soviet upbringing, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob tsom rau ideological dogmas xwb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm pedagogy nyob rau hauv lub USSR yog heev multifaceted, txawm lub fact tias thaum xub thawj siab ib muag nws muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm raising ib tug mloog lus "cog" ntawm ib tug me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, qhov kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus sib txawv kiag li. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb yog tias peb xav txog, piv txwv li, kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntxhais hauv lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1970-1980s. Ntawm ib sab, tus me nyuam Soviet, yog li hais, tsis muaj poj niam txiv neej. Tom qab tag nrho, kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm tau zoo ib yam rau cov tub thiab ntxhais. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tug unofficial kab lig kev cai tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg los coj cov ntxhais fuabtais thiab cov ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv cov ntxhais. Thiab tag nrho cov no mus nyob rau hauv parallel nrog pov tseg landings thiab paj huam txog Lenin. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet, muaj kev seev cev thiab ntaus suab paj nruag, nrog rau Xyoo Tshiab ntoo nrog cov ris tsho tsis yog ntawm Anka lub Tshuab rab phom, tab sis ntawm Snowflakes.
zoo ib yam li kev yug lospab txhawb rau kev nce qib ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm USSR. Los ntawm nruab nrab-70s, lub neej zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov tuaj rau hauv kev zam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, golfs nrog pom-poms thiab puffy bows, nrog rau lub tsho zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hnav khaub ncaws, tau pom zoo los ntawm lwm tus. Thaum lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj kev ua phem rau tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam. Yog li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub 70s-80s yog multifaceted. Cov no yog kos cov menyuam roj hmab thiab cov pioneer heroes, cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg thiab cov pioneer rallies, New Year's balls thiab ntau ntxiv.
